Author: claimsbot

1. A non-volatile memory device, comprising:
a source voltage generator for applying a ground voltage;
a first common source line connected to a first cell string pair group that is included in a unit memory cell block; and
a second common source line connected to a second cell string pair group that is included in the unit memory cell block, wherein the first common source and the second common source are connected to the source voltage generator,
wherein the first cell string pair group and the second cell string pair group are alternately arranged.
2. The non-volatile memory device of claim 1, wherein the first cell string pair group includes odd-numbered cell string pairs in the unit memory cell block.
3. The non-volatile memory device of claim 2, wherein the second cell string pair group includes even-numbered cell string pairs in the unit memory cell block.
4. The non-volatile memory device of claim 1, further comprising a third common source line connected to a third cell string pair group included in the unit memory cell block.
5. The non-volatile memory device of claim 4, wherein the third common source line is connected to the source voltage generator.
6. A non-volatile memory device, comprising:
a source voltage generator for applying a ground voltage;
a first common source line connected to a first group of first cell string pairs, which is included in a first memory cell block, and a second group of first cell string pairs which is included in a second memory cell block adjacent to the first memory cell block, the first common source line connected to the source voltage generator; and
a second common source line connected to a first group of second cell string pairs, which is included in the first memory cell block, and a second group of second cell string pairs, which is included in the second memory cell block, the second common source line connected to the source voltage generator,
wherein the first cell string pairs and the second cell string pairs are alternately arranged.
7. The non-volatile memory device of claim 6, wherein the first cell string pairs are odd-numbered cell string pairs.
8. The non-volatile memory device of claim 6, wherein the second cell string pairs are even-numbered cell string pairs.
9. A non-volatile memory device, comprising:
a source voltage generator for supplying a ground voltage;
a first common source line connected to a first group of first cell string pairs, which is included in a first memory cell block, and a second group of first cell string pairs, which is included in a second memory cell block adjacent to the first memory cell block, and connected to the source voltage generator;
a second common source line connected to a first group of second cell string pairs, which is included in the first memory cell block, and a second group of second cell string pairs, which is included in the second memory cell block, and connected to the source voltage generator; and
a third common source line connected to a first group of third cell string pairs, which is included in the first memory cell block, and a second group of third cell string pairs, which is included in the second memory cell block, and connected to the source voltage generator,
wherein the first cell string pairs, the second cell string pairs, and the third cell string pairs are alternately arranged.
10. The non-volatile memory device of claim 2, wherein each of the odd-numbered cell string pairs include an even bit line and an odd bit line.
11. The non-volatile memory device of claim 3, wherein each of the even-numbered cell string pairs include an even bit line and an odd bit line.
12. The non-volatile memory device of claim 7, wherein each of the odd-numbered cell string pairs include an even bit line and an odd bit line.
13. The non-volatile memory device of claim 8, wherein each of the even-numbered cell string pairs include an even bit line and an odd bit line.
14. The non-volatile memory device of claim 9, wherein each of the first cell string pairs, the second cell string pairs, and the third cell string pairs include an even bit line and an odd bit line.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A comfort system for a seat of a transportation vehicle, comprising:
an insert adapted for use with a vehicle seat, wherein:
i. the insert includes a layer of spacer material for providing an open space within the insert;
ii. the insert includes a first barrier layer with a plurality of first openings and a second barrier layer with a second opening, the first openings and second opening in fluid communication with the open space and the spacer material located between the first and second barrier layer;
iii. the insert is sealed about a peripheral edge of the insert with an adhesive, a melt seal or both that seals the first barrier layer to the second barrier layer forming a peripheral strip about the insert; and
iv. the insert includes a heater layer overlaying the layer of spacer material; and
an air mover in fluid communication with the first openings, the second opening and the open space for moving air therethrough, wherein:
i. a tubular structure extends to the air mover for assisting in providing the fluid communication between the air mover and the open space;
wherein the heater layer is formed of carbon fibers overlaying the layer of spacer material.
2. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the insert is located beneath a seat cover.
3. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the air mover is located beneath a cushion of the seat.
4. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the air mover is configured to push air into the insert through the second opening.
5. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the tubular structure is of substantially smaller width than the insert and wherein the tubular structure is configured to extend behind a cushion of the seat to the air mover.
6. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the insert is separate from, but attached to a cushion of the seat.
7. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein at least one through-hole extends through a central portion of the insert without being in fluid communication with the open space or the second opening.
8. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the spacer material is secured to the first barrier layer, the second barrier layer or both with an adhesive.
9. A comfort system as in claim 1 further comprising at least one control unit in communication with the air mover wherein the control unit is programmed with instructions for commanding the air mover to change output levels if a temperature sensor senses a temperature above or below one or more threshold levels.
10. A comfort system as in claim 1 further comprising an air permeable layer of spacer material between the insert and an occupant location of the seat for assisting in distributing air under an occupant of the seat and wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 0.2 cm and about 3.0 cm.
11. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 1.0 cm and about 2.0 cm.
12. A comfort system as in claim 1 wherein the spacer material is formed of fabric panels, which are interconnected by polymeric strand material.
13. A comfort system for a seat of a transportation vehicle, comprising:
an insert adapted for use with a vehicle seat, wherein:
i. the insert includes a layer of spacer material for providing an open space within the insert;
ii. the insert includes a first barrier layer with a plurality of first openings and a second barrier layer with a second opening, the first openings and second opening in fluid communication with the open space and the spacer material located between the first and second barrier layer;
iii. the insert is sealed about a peripheral edge of the insert with an adhesive, a melt seal or both that seals the first barrier layer to the second barrier layer forming a peripheral strip about the insert; and
iv. the insert includes a heater layer overlaying the layer of spacer material; and
an air mover in fluid communication with the first openings, the second opening and the open space for moving air therethrough, wherein:
i. a tubular structure extends to the air mover for assisting in providing the fluid communication between the air mover and the open space;
wherein at least one through-hole extends through a central portion of the insert without being in fluid communication with the open space or the second opening.
14. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the insert is located beneath a seat cover.
15. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the air mover is located beneath a cushion of the seat.
16. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the air mover is configured to push air into the insert through the second opening.
17. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the tubular structure is of substantially smaller width than the insert and wherein the tubular structure is configured to extend behind a cushion of the seat to the air mover.
18. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the insert is separate from, but attached to a cushion of the seat.
19. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the spacer material is secured to the first barrier layer, the second barrier layer or both with an adhesive.
20. A comfort system as in claim 13 further comprising at least one control unit in communication with the air mover wherein the control unit is programmed with instructions for commanding the air mover to change output levels if a temperature sensor senses a temperature above or below one or more threshold levels.
21. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 0.2 cm and about 3.0 cm.
22. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 1.0 cm and about 2.0 cm.
23. A comfort system as in claim 13 wherein the spacer material is formed of fabric panels, which are interconnected by polymeric strand material.
24. A comfort system for a seat of a transportation vehicle, comprising:
an insert adapted for use with a vehicle seat, wherein:
i. the insert includes a layer of spacer material for providing an open space within the insert;
ii. the insert includes a first barrier layer with a plurality of first openings and a second barrier layer with a second opening, the first openings and second opening in fluid communication with the open space and the spacer material located between the first and second barrier layer;
iii. the insert is sealed about a peripheral edge of the insert with an adhesive, a melt seal or both that seals the first barrier layer to the second barrier layer forming a peripheral strip about the insert; and
iv. the insert includes a heater layer overlaying the layer of spacer material; and
an air mover in fluid communication with the first openings, the second opening and the open space for moving air therethrough, wherein:
i. a tubular structure extends to the air mover for assisting in providing the fluid communication between the air mover and the open space;
wherein the spacer material is secured to the first barrier layer, the second barrier layer or both with an adhesive.
25. A comfort system as in claim 24 wherein the insert is located beneath a seat cover.
26. A comfort system as in claim 24 wherein the air mover is located beneath a cushion of the seat.
27. A comfort system as in claim 24 wherein the air mover is configured to push air into the insert through the second opening.
28. A comfort system as in claim 24 wherein the tubular structure is of substantially smaller width than the insert and wherein the tubular structure is configured to extend behind a cushion of the seat to the air mover.
29. A comfort system as in claim 24 wherein the insert is separate from, but attached to a cushion of the seat.
30. A comfort system as in claim 24 further comprising at least one control unit in communication with the air mover wherein the control unit is programmed with instructions for commanding the air mover to change output levels if a temperature sensor senses a temperature above or below one or more threshold levels.
31. A comfort system as in claim 24 further comprising an air permeable layer of spacer material between the insert and an occupant location of the seat for assisting in distributing air under an occupant of the seat and wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 0.2 cm and about 3.0 cm.
32. A comfort system as in claim 24 wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 1.0 cm and about 2.0 cm.
33. A comfort system as in claim 24 wherein the spacer material is formed of fabric panels, which are interconnected by polymeric strand material.
34. A comfort system for a seat of a transportation vehicle, comprising:
an insert adapted for use with a vehicle seat, wherein:
i. the insert includes a layer of spacer material for providing an open space within the insert;
ii. the insert includes a first barrier layer with a plurality of first openings and a second barrier layer with a second opening, the first openings and second opening in fluid communication with the open space and the spacer material located between the first and second barrier layer;
iii. the insert is sealed about a peripheral edge of the insert with an adhesive, a melt seal or both that seals the first barrier layer to the second barrier layer forming a peripheral strip about the insert; and
iv. the insert includes a heater layer overlaying the layer of spacer material; and
an air mover in fluid communication with the first openings, the second opening and the open space for moving air therethrough, wherein:
i. a tubular structure extends to the air mover for assisting in providing the fluid communication between the air mover and the open space;
wherein the spacer material is formed of fabric panels, which are interconnected by polymeric strand material.
35. A comfort system as in claim 34 wherein the insert is located beneath a seat cover.
36. A comfort system as in claim 34 wherein the air mover is located beneath a cushion of the seat.
37. A comfort system as in claim 34 wherein the air mover is configured to push air into the insert through the second opening.
38. A comfort system as in claim 34 wherein the tubular structure is of substantially smaller width than the insert and wherein the tubular structure is configured to extend behind a cushion of the seat to the air mover.
39. A comfort system as in claim 34 wherein the insert is separate from, but attached to a cushion of the seat.
40. A comfort system as in claim 34 further comprising at least one control unit in communication with the air mover wherein the control unit is programmed with instructions for commanding the air mover to change output levels if a temperature sensor senses a temperature above or below one or more threshold levels.
41. A comfort system as in claim 34 further comprising an air permeable layer of spacer material between the insert and an occupant location of the seat for assisting in distributing air under an occupant of the seat and wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 0.2 cm and about 3.0 cm.
42. A comfort system as in claim 34 wherein the peripheral strip has a width of between about 1.0 cm and about 2.0 cm.
43. A comfort system for a seat of an automotive vehicle, comprising:
an insert adapted for use with a vehicle seat, wherein:
i. the insert includes a layer of spacer material formed of a spacer fabric for providing an open space within the insert;
ii the insert includes a first barrier layer with a plurality of first openings and a second barrier layer with a second opening, the first openings and second opening in fluid communication with the open space and the spacer material located between the first and second barrier layer;
iii. the insert is sealed about a peripheral edge of the insert with an adhesive, a melt seal or both that seals the first barrier layer to the second barrier layer forming a peripheral strip about the insert that extends outwardly from the insert; and
iv. the insert includes a heater layer overlaying the layer of spacer material, the heater layer including resistive wires laminated to a fabric; and
an air mover in fluid communication with the plurality of first openings, the second opening and the open space for moving air therethrough, wherein:
i. a tubular structure extends to the air mover for assisting in providing the fluid communication between the air mover and the open space; and
ii. the air mover is configured to push air into the insert through the second opening;
wherein the spacer material is secured to the first barrier layer, the second barrier layer or both with an adhesive.
44. A comfort system as in claim 43 wherein the heater layer is formed of carbon fibers overlaying the layer of spacer material.
45. A comfort system as in claim 43 wherein the insert is separate from, but secured to a cushion of the seat with an adhesive.
46. A comfort system as in claim 43 wherein the spacer material is formed of fabric panels, which are interconnected by polymeric strand material.
47. A comfort system for a seat of an automotive vehicle, comprising:
a cushion of the seat of the automotive vehicle;
an insert overlaying the cushion of the seat, wherein:
i. the insert includes a layer of spacer material formed of a spacer fabric structure for providing an open space within the insert, the spacer fabric structure including opposing honeycomb panels interconnected with polymeric strand material;
ii. the insert includes a first forward plastic barrier layer with a plurality of first openings and a second rearward plastic barrier layer with a second opening, the first openings and second opening in fluid communication with the open space and the spacer material located between the first and second barrier layer;
iii. the insert is sealed about a peripheral edge of the insert with an adhesive, a melt seal or both that seals the first barrier layer to the second barrier layer forming a peripheral strip about the insert, the peripheral strip extending outwardly from the insert;
iv. the insert includes a heater layer overlaying the layer of spacer material, the heater layer including carbon fibers secured to a fabric with an adhesive;
v. the heater layer is laminated to the first or second barrier layer with an adhesive; and
vi. the insert is secured to the cushion with an adhesive;
an air mover in fluid communication with the plurality of first openings, the second opening and the open space for moving air therethrough, wherein:
i. a tubular structure extends to the air mover for assisting in providing the fluid communication between the air mover and the open space;
ii. the air mover is configured to push air into the insert through the second opening;
iii. the air mover is secured to a frame of the seat of the vehicle;
an air permeable layer of spacer material between the insert and an occupant location of the seat for assisting in distributing air under an occupant of the seat.
48. A comfort system as in claim 47 wherein the spacer material is secured to the first barrier layer, the second barrier layer or both with an adhesive.

1. An optical fiber multiplexer for use with a spectroscopy device comprising:
a housing structure comprising a fixed plate;
a servo motor disposed within the housing structure configured to be electronically coupled to a control unit for controlling the operation of the servo motor;
a rotating plate coupled to the motor;
a plurality of fixed plate optical fibers, wherein each fixed plate optical fiber is coupled at one end thereof to the fixed plate using an adjustable gimbal mount which permits horizontal and vertical axial adjustment of the optical fiber, and wherein each fixed plate optical fiber is optically coupled to either a collimating lens or a collection at the gimbal mount; and
a rotating plate optical fiber coupled at one end thereof to the rotating plate, and wherein said rotating plate optical fiber is optically coupled either to a collection lens or to a collimating lens and configured either to receive an optical signal through the collection lens from a corresponding collimating lens of one of the fixed plate optical fibers or to transmit light from a light source through the collimating lens to a corresponding collection lens of one of the fixed plate optical fibers.
2. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the servo motor provides sufficient power to provide inertial control and accurately move and hold steady position given the weight of the optical fibers and the rotating plate.
3. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the servo motor provides a step resolution of about 1 \u03bcm.
4. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the optical fibers have a diameter ranging from about 10 \u03bcm to about 1000 \u03bcm.
5. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the optical fibers are coupled to the gimbal mounts using a standard FC, SMA, or ST fiber connector.
6. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the gimbal mounts comprise a plurality of screws for adjustably attaching the gimbal mount to the fixed plate.
7. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the gimbal mounts comprise an elastic material disposed between the gimbal mount and the fixed plate to facilitate vertical axial adjustment.
8. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 7, wherein the elastic material is selected from an O-ring, mechanical spring, curved washer, wave washer, Belleville washer or disc spring.
9. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the rotating plate optical fiber is configured to be coupled at the other end thereof to a spectroscopy device.
10. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of fixed plate optical fibers are coupled at the other ends thereof to a plurality of chemical samples.
11. An optical fiber multiplexer comprising:
a housing structure comprising a fixed plate;
a servo motor disposed within the housing structure electronically coupled to a control unit for controlling the operation of the servo motor;
a rotating plate coupled to the motor;
a plurality of fixed plate light excitation optical fibers, wherein each light excitation optical fiber is coupled at one end thereof to the fixed plate using an adjustable gimbal mount which permits horizontal and vertical axial adjustment of the optical fiber, and wherein each fixed plate light excitation optical fiber is optically coupled to a collection lens;
a plurality of fixed plate detection optical fibers, wherein each fixed plate detection optical fiber is coupled at one end thereof to the fixed plate using an adjustable gimbal mount which permits horizontal and vertical axial adjustment of the optical fiber, and wherein each fixed plate detection optical fiber is optically coupled to a collimating lens;
a rotating plate light excitation optical fiber coupled at one end thereof to the rotating plate, and wherein said rotating plate light excitation optical fiber is optically coupled to a collimating lens and configured to transmit light from a light source through the collimating lens to a corresponding collection lens of one of the fixed plate light excitation optical fibers; and
a rotating plate detection optical fiber coupled at one end thereof to the rotating plate, and wherein said rotating plate detection optical fiber is optically coupled to a collection lens and configured to receive an optical signal through the collection lens from a corresponding collimating lens of one of the fixed plate detection optical fibers.
12. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the servo motor provides sufficient power to provide inertial control and accurately move and hold steady position given the weight of the optical fibers and the rotating plate.
13. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the servo motor has an interval resolution greater than 30,000 steps per revolution.
14. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 13, wherein the servo motor has an accuracy of about 1 to 10 steps.
15. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the servo motor provides a step resolution of about 1 \u03bcm.
16. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the servo motor provides greater than about one half horsepower.
17. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the optical fibers have a diameter ranging from about 10 \u03bcm to about 1000 \u03bcm.
18. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the optical fibers have a diameter ranging from about 50 \u03bcm to about 600 \u03bcm.
19. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the optical fibers utilize standard FC, SMA, or ST fiber connectors.
20. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the light source is laser light at a power in the range from 10 to 2000 mW.
21. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the light source is laser light at a power in the range from 200 to 600 mW.
22. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the light source has a wavelength in the range from about 300 to 900 nm.
23. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the light source has a wavelength in the range from about 633 to 860 nm.
24. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of fixed light source optical fibers and the plurality of fixed detection optical fibers are provided in fiber pairs comprising a light excitation optical fiber and a detection optical fiber.
25. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the number of fiber pairs ranges from 2 to 30.
26. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the fixed plate and the rotating plate are spaced a distance in the range from about 1 to 100 mm.
27. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the fixed plate and the rotating plate are spaced a distance in the range from about 2 to 15 mm.
28. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the gimbal mounts comprise a plurality of screws for adjustably attaching the gimbal mount to the fixed plate.
29. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the gimbal mounts comprise an elastic material disposed between the gimbal mount and the fixed plate to facilitate vertical axial adjustment.
30. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 29, wherein the elastic material is selected from an O-ring, mechanical spring, curved washer, wave washer, Belleville washer or disc spring.
31. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the optical fibers are coupled to the gimbal mounts using a standard FC, SMA, or ST connector.
32. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the rotating plate detection optical fiber is configured to be coupled at the other end thereof to a spectroscopy device.
33. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 32, wherein the spectroscopy device is a Raman spectroscopy device.
34. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of fixed plate light excitation optical fibers are coupled at the other ends thereof to a plurality of chemical samples.
35. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of fixed detection optical fibers are coupled at the other ends thereof to a plurality of chemical samples.
36. An optical fiber multiplexer comprising:
a housing structure comprising a fixed plate;
a servo motor disposed within the housing structure and configured to be electronically coupled to a control unit for controlling the operation of the servo motor, wherein the servo motor provides sufficient power to provide inertial control and accurately move and hold a steady position given the weight of the optical fibers and the rotating plate;
a rotating plate coupled to the motor;
a plurality of fiber-optic channels coupled to the fixed plate, wherein each fiber-optic channel comprises:
a light excitation optical fiber coupled at one end thereof to the fixed plate using an adjustable gimbal mount and coupled at the other end thereof to a chemical sample, wherein the gimbal mount provides horizontal and vertical axial adjustment of the optical fiber, and wherein the light excitation optical fiber is optically coupled to a collection lens; and
a detection optical fiber coupled at one end thereof to the fixed plate using an adjustable gimbal mount and coupled at the other end thereof to the chemical sample, wherein the gimbal mount provides horizontal and vertical axial adjustment of the optical fiber, and wherein the detection optical fiber is optically coupled to a collimating lens;
wherein the number of fiber-optic channels ranges from 2 to 30;

a light excitation optical fiber coupled at one end thereof to the rotating plate, wherein said light excitation optical fiber is optically coupled to a collimating lens and configured to transmit light from a light source through the collimating lens to a corresponding collection lens of one of the fixed light excitation optical fibers, and wherein the light excitation optical fiber is configured to be coupled at the other end thereof to a laser light excitation producing an output power in the range from 10 to 2000 mW and a wavelength in the range from about 300 to 900 nm; and
a detection optical fiber coupled at one end thereof to the rotating plate, wherein said detection optical fiber is optically coupled to a collection lens and configured to receive a detected optical signal through the collection lens from a corresponding collimating lens of one of the fixed detection optical fibers, and wherein the detection optical fiber is configured to be coupled at the other end thereof to a spectroscopy device.
37. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the servo motor has an interval resolution greater than 30,000 steps per revolution.
38. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 37, wherein the servo motor has an accuracy of about 1 to 10 steps.
39. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the servo motor provides a step resolution of about 1 \u03bcm.
40. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the servo motor provides greater than about one half horsepower.
41. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the optical fibers have a diameter ranging from about 10 \u03bcm to about 1000 \u03bcm.
42. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the optical fibers have a diameter ranging from about 50 \u03bcm to about 600 \u03bcm.
43. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the optical fibers utilize standard FC, SMA, or ST connectors.
44. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the fixed plate and the rotating plate are spaced a distance in the range from about 1 to 100 mm.
45. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the fixed plate and the rotating plate are spaced a distance in the range from about 2 to 15 mm.
46. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the gimbal mounts comprise a plurality of screws for adjustably attaching the gimbal mount to the fixed plate.
47. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the gimbal mounts comprise an elastic material disposed between the gimbal mount and the fixed plate to facilitate vertical axial adjustment.
48. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 47, wherein the elastic material is selected from an O-ring, mechanical spring, curved washer, wave washer, Belleville washer or disc spring.
49. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the optical fibers are coupled to the gimbal mounts using a standard FC, SMA, or ST connector.
50. An optical fiber multiplexer according to claim 36, wherein the spectroscopy device is a Raman spectroscopy device.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A steel cord structure in heavy duty tires, wherein the steel cord comprises core and strand filaments, the core and strand filaments having different twist directions and different twist pitch lengths.
2. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 1, wherein the steel cord has the structure of 3*d1+8*d2(HT), where d1 and d2 are diameters of the core and strand filaments respectively.
3-8. (Cancelled).
9. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 1, wherein the filament of the steel cord has carbon content of from about 0.82 weight % to about 0.92 weight %.
10. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 2, wherein the filament of the steel cord has carbon content of from about 0.82 weight % to about 0.92 weight %.
11. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 1, wherein the twist direction of the core filament is in the S direction and the twist direction of the strand filament is in the Z direction.
12. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 2, wherein the twist direction of the core filament is in the S direction and the twist direction of the strand filament is in the Z direction.
13. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the twist pitch length of the core filament, CP, to the twist pitch length of the strand filament, SP, is CPSP and equals from about 0.50 to about 0.94.
14. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 2, wherein the ratio of the twist pitch length of the core filament, CP, to the twist pitch length of the strand filament, SP, is CPSP and equals from about 0.50 to about 0.94.
15. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 1, wherein the preforming ratio is from about 100% to about 150%.
16. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 2, wherein the preforming ratio is from about 100% to about 150%.
17. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 1, wherein the diameters of the core filament d1 and strand filament d2 are from about 0.15 to about 0.40 mm with d2\u2267d1.
18. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 2, wherein the diameters of the core filament d1 and strand filament d2 are from about 0.15 to about 0.40 mm with d2\u2267d1.
19. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 13, wherein the twist pitch length of the core filament is from about 6 mm to about 12 mm and the twist pitch length of the strand filament is from about 12 mm to about 18 mm.
20. The steel cord structure in heavy duty tires of claim 14, wherein the twist pitch length of the core filament is from about 6 mm to about 12 mm and the twist pitch length of the strand filament is from about 12 mm to about 18 mm.