1. A radio-frequency antenna system of a magnetic resonance apparatus comprising:
a radio-frequency antenna having two end rings spaced from each other along an antenna axis and each being disposed concentrically to said antenna axis and a plurality of antenna rods disposed around said antenna axis and connecting said end rings to each other;
a feed module;
a coupling element between said feed module and said radio frequency antenna;
said feed module being connected to said coupling element and supplying at least one radio-frequency input current to said coupling element in a transmission mode and receiving at least one radio-frequency output current from said coupling element in a reception mode; and
said coupling element consisting of a conductor system proceeding circumferentially around said antenna axis radially spaced from said antenna rods, and disposed between said end rings, said coupling element being only inductively coupled to said end rings and to said antenna rods in said transmission mode, wherein electromagnetic energy is coupled from said feed module into said end rings and into said antenna rods and, in said reception mode, wherein radio-frequency electromagnetic energy is coupled out of said end rings and out of said antenna rods into said feed module.
2. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said antenna rods are disposed parallel to said antenna axis.
3. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said conductor system comprises a single conductor proceeding in a circumferential path around said antenna axis, and having an axial spacing from one of said end rings that varies along said circumferential path.
4. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said single conductor is disposed symmetrically relative to a middle plane that perpendicularly intersects said antenna axis midway between said end rings.
5. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 3 further comprising shortening capacitors connected in said single conductor.
6. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said spacing varies substantially sinusoidally.
7. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said spacing has a maximum value and a minimum value with a difference between said maximum value and said minimum value being at least 30% of a spacing between said end rings.
8. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 7 wherein said difference is in a range between 50% and 90% of said spacing between said end rings.
9. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said antenna system comprises a first conductor and at least two second conductors, said first conductor proceeding circumferentially around said antenna axis along a first conductor path and said second conductors proceeding circumferentially around said antenna axis along respective, different second conductor paths, each of said second conductors having an axial spacing from said one of said end rings that varies in the respective second circumferential paths, and wherein said first circumferential path and said second circumferential paths have equal dependency on circumferential position but are offset relative to each other by a circumferential offset angle, with a product of the circumferential offset angle and a total number of said first conductor and said second conductors and a plurality of periods of said first conductor being 360\xb0, and wherein said feed module feeds respective radio-frequency input currents to said first conductor and said second conductors in said transmission mode that are phase-offset with respect to each other by a phase-offset, and wherein said feed module receives respective radio-frequency output currents from said first conductor and said second conductors in said reception mode that are phase-offset relative to each other by a phase-offset, and wherein a product of the respective phase-offsets and a total number of said first conductor and said second conductors is 360\xb0.
10. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said conductor system comprises a first conductor and a second conductor proceeding around said antenna axis respectively along first and second circumferential paths, said second conductor crossing said first conductor at an even number of crossing points in said first and second circumferential paths, and being axially spaced from said first conductor between said crossing points, and wherein said feed module feeds respective radio-frequency input currents to said first conductor and said second conductor in said transmission mode that are phase-offset by 180\xb0 relative to each other, and wherein said feed module receives respective radio-frequency output currents from said first conductor and said second conductor in said reception mode that are phase offset by 180\xb0 relative to each other.
11. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 10 wherein said first and second conductors are short-circuited with each other at the respective ends of the respective first and second circumferential paths.
12. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 10 wherein said first and second conductors are disposed symmetrically relative to a middle plane that perpendicularly intersects said antenna axis midway between said end rings.
13. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 10 further comprising shortening capacitors connected in said first and second conductors.
14. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 10 wherein said spacing between said first and second conductors varies substantially sinusoidally.
15. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 10 wherein said spacing between said first and second conductors has a maximum value and a minimum value with a difference between said maximum value and said minimum value being at least 30% of a spacing between said end rings.
16. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 15 wherein said difference is in a range between 50% and 90% of said spacing between said end rings.
17. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 10 wherein said crossing points are first crossing points, and wherein said conductor system comprises a third conductor and a fourth conductor respectively proceeding around said antenna axis along third and fourth circumferential paths, said fourth conductor crossing said third conductor at an even number of second crossing points in said third and fourth circumferential paths, and being axially spaced from said third conductor between said second crossing points, and wherein said feed module feeds respective radio-frequency input currents to said third conductor and said fourth conductor in said transmission mode that are phase-offset by 180\xb0 relative to each other, and wherein said feed module receives respective radio-frequency output currents from said third conductor and said fourth conductor in said reception mode that are phase-offset by 180\xb0 relative to each other, and wherein said second crossing points are staggered relative to said first crossing points, and wherein the currents in said third and fourth conductors are phase-offset by 90\xb0 with respect to the currents in said first and second conductors.
18. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 17 wherein said first, second, third and fourth conductors are short-circuited with each other at respective ends of the respective first, second, third and fourth circumferential paths.
19. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said first and said second conductors are short-circuited with each other at respective ends of respective paths of said conductors around said antenna axis.
20. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said first and said second conductors are disposed symmetrically relative to a middle plane that perpendicularly intersects said antenna axis midway between said end rings.
21. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 18 further comprising shortening capacitors connected in said first and said second conductors.
22. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said respective spacings vary substantially sinusoidally.
23. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 22 wherein said respective spacings have a maximum value and a minimum value with a difference between said maximum value and said minimum value being at least 30% of a spacing between said end rings.
24. A radio-frequency antenna system as claimed in claim 23 wherein said difference is in a range between 50% and 90% of said spacing between said end rings.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for determining an operability of at least one pressure sensor of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising
using a first of the at least one pressure sensor to detect a charge pressure of an exhaust-gas turbocharger during operation of the internal combustion engine;
using the first pressure sensor to detect an ambient pressure when the internal combustion engine is switched off, the detection of the ambient pressure including determining a first ambient pressure value;
comparing the first ambient pressure value to a second ambient pressure value determined by a reference pressure sensor not belonging to the internal combustion engine; and
determining a fault in the at least one pressure sensor in response to detection in the comparing step of a difference between the first and second ambient pressure values.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first pressure sensor is situated in such a way that it detects the ambient pressure.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first pressure sensor is situated in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a second of the at least one pressure sensor is situated in such a way that it detects the ambient pressure at all times, and the first pressure sensor is situated in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the second pressure sensor is situated on an outside of the internal combustion engine.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the second pressure sensor is situated on an outside of a housing of the internal combustion engine.
7. A method for determining an operability of at least one pressure sensor of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising:
using a first of the at least one pressure sensor to detect a charge pressure of an exhaust-gas turbocharger during operation of the internal combustion engine;
using the first pressure sensor to detect an ambient pressure when the internal combustion engine is switched off, the detection of the ambient pressure including determining a first ambient pressure value, wherein a second of the at least one pressure sensor is situated in such a way that it detects the ambient pressure at all times, and the first pressure sensor is situated in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine;
in a first comparing step, comparing the first ambient pressure value to a second ambient pressure value determined by the second pressure sensor;
in a second comparing step, comparing at least one of the first ambient pressure value and the second ambient pressure value to a third ambient pressure value determined by a reference pressure sensor not belonging to the internal combustion engine; and
identifying a fault in the at least one pressure sensor in response to detection in the second comparing step of a difference between the at least one of the first and second ambient pressure values and the third ambient pressure value.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein only one of the first and second ambient pressure values is compared to the third ambient pressure value in the second comparing step.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the identifying the fault is based on the first comparing step.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the second comparing step and the fault identification are performed conditional upon determining a difference between the first and second ambient pressure values in the first comparing step.
11. A method for determining an operability of at least one pressure sensor of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising
using a first of the at least one pressure sensor to detect a charge pressure of an exhaust-gas turbocharger during operation of the internal combustion engine;
using the first pressure sensor to detect an ambient pressure when the internal combustion engine is switched off, the detection of the ambient pressure including determining a first ambient pressure value, wherein a second of the at least one pressure sensor is situated in such a way that it detects the ambient pressure at all times, and the first pressure sensor is situated in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine;
comparing the first ambient pressure value and the second ambient pressure value to a third ambient pressure value determined by a reference pressure sensor not belonging to the internal combustion engine; and
identifying a fault in the at least one pressure sensor in response to detection in the second comparing step of a difference between at least one of the first and second ambient pressure values and the third ambient pressure value.