Author: claimsbot

1. A multi-layered optical information storage medium comprising:
a first storage layer comprising a first lead-in area having first information;
a second storage layer comprising a second lead-in area having second information;
wherein the first information comprises physical format information for both the first storage layer and the second storage layer indicating whether the first storage layer and the second storage layer are read-only or recordable, and hybrid identification information indicating whether an additional storage layer exists, the additional storage layer being reproducible with a second laser different than a first laser, the first laser used for reproducing the first and second storage layers,
wherein the second information comprises the physical format information for both the first storage layer and the second storage layer indicating whether the first storage layer and the second storage layer are read-only or recordable, and the hybrid identification information indicating whether the additional storage layer exists, the additional storage layer being reproducible with the second laser different than the first laser, the first laser used for reproducing the first and second storage layers.
2. The multi-layered optical information storage medium of claim 1, wherein the first storage layer is a reproduction only layer, and the second storage layer is a recordable layer.
3. The multi-layered optical information storage medium of claim 1, wherein the first storage layer is reproducible by a laser of 780 nm, and the second storage layer is reproducible by a laser of 650 nm.
4. The multi-layered optical information storage medium of claim 1, wherein the first storage layer is a reproduction only layer reproducible by a laser of 780 nm, and the second storage layer is a recordable layer reproducible by a laser of 650 nm.
5. An apparatus for reproducing a multi-layered optical information storage medium, a pick-up unit for applying laser to the medium for reproducing information thereon; and a control unit for driving the pick-up unit to reproduce medium-related information thereon, the multi-layered optical information storage medium comprising:
a first storage layer comprising a first lead-in area having first information;
a second storage layer comprising a second lead-in area having second information;
wherein the first information comprises physical format information for both the first storage layer and the second storage layer indicating whether the first storage layer and the second storage layer are read-only or recordable, and hybrid identification information indicating whether an additional storage layer exists, the additional storage layer being reproducible with a second laser different than a first laser, the first laser used for reproducing the first and second storage layers,
wherein the second information comprises physical format information for both the first storage layer and the second storage layer indicating whether the first storage layer and the second storage layer are read-only or recordable, and the hybrid identification information indicating whether the additional storage layer exists, the additional storage layer being reproducible with the second laser different than the first laser, the first laser used for reproducing the first and second storage layers.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first storage layer is a reproduction only layer, and the second storage layer is a recordable layer.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first storage layer is reproducible by a laser of 780 nm, and the second storage layer is reproducible by a laser of 650 nm.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first storage layer is a reproduction only layer reproducible by a laser of 780 nm, and the second storage layer is a recordable layer reproducible by a laser of 650 nm.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer-implemented method for aggregating information-asset metadata from multiple disparate data-management systems, at least a portion of the method being performed by a computing device comprising at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving, from a first data-management system that manages information assets of an entity in a first domain, a first instance of metadata of an information asset, the first instance of metadata having been generated by the first data-management system;
receiving, from a second data-management system that manages the information assets of the entity in a second domain that is separate and distinct from the first domain, a second instance of metadata of the information asset, the second instance of metadata having been generated by the second data-management system;
storing the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata in a global metadata repository that is separate and distinct from the first data-management system and the second data-management system such that the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata are associated with the information asset;
providing access to the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata stored in the global metadata repository to one or more of:
the first data-management system;
the second data-management system;
the entity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first data-management system manages a first instance of the information asset;
the second data-management system manages a second instance of the information asset;
the first instance of metadata comprises metadata of the first instance of the information asset;
the second instance of metadata comprises metadata of the second instance of the information asset;
storing the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata in the global metadata repository comprises:
determining that the first instance of the information asset and the second instance of the information asset are instances of the same information asset;
associating, based at least in part on determining that the first instance of the information asset and the second instance of the information asset are instances of the same information asset, the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first data-management system manages a first instance of the information asset;
the second data-management system manages a second instance of the information asset;
the first instance of metadata comprises metadata of the first instance of the information asset;
the second instance of metadata comprises metadata of the second instance of the information asset;
storing the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata in the global metadata repository comprises:
generating a first fingerprint based at least in part on at least one of:
the first instance of the information asset;
the first instance of metadata;

generating a second fingerprint based at least in part on at least one of:
the second instance of the information asset;
the second instance of metadata;

determining that the first fingerprint matches the second fingerprint;
associating, based at least in part on determining that the first fingerprint matches the second fingerprint, the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the global metadata repository uses a normalized schema to store the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the global metadata repository uses an extensible schema to store the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata;
the extensible schema enables the first data-management system and the second data-management system to store any metadata in the global metadata repository.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the information asset is accessible via an information-asset source;
the first data-management system and the second data-management system can generate the first instance of metadata;
the information-asset source must be accessed to generate the first instance of metadata;
the method further comprises coordinating the first data-management system and the second data-management system so that:
the first data-management system:
accesses the information-asset source;
generates the first instance of metadata;
stores the first instance of metadata in the global metadata repository;

the second data-management system accesses the first instance of metadata from the global metadata repository without accessing the information-asset source.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the information asset is one of a plurality of information assets of the entity that are accessible via an information-asset source;
the steps of receiving the first instance of metadata and receiving the second instance of metadata comprise ensuring that metadata of each of the plurality of information assets is received from at least one of the first data-management system and the second data-management system.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the information asset is one of a plurality of information assets of the entity that are accessible via an information-asset source;
the first data-management system comprises a backup system that has generated a backup of the information-asset source;
receiving the first instance of metadata comprises requesting, from the backup system, an inventory of each information asset that is contained in the backup of the information-asset source.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the information asset comprises at least one of:
a file;
an email;
a document.
10. A computer-implemented method for aggregating information-asset metadata from multiple disparate data-management systems, at least a portion of the method being performed by a computing device comprising at least one processor, the method comprising:
identifying, at a first data-management system, an information asset, wherein the first data-management system manages information assets of an entity in a first domain;
generating, at the first data-management system, a first instance of metadata of the information asset;
storing the first instance of metadata in a global metadata repository that:
stores a second instance of metadata of the information asset that was collected from a second data-management system that:
generated the second instance of metadata; and
manages the information assets of the entity in a second domain that is separate and distinct from the first domain;

is separate and distinct from the first data-management system and the second data-management system.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the information asset is accessible via an information-asset source;
the first data-management system comprises a backup system that backs up the information-asset source;
the backup system generates the first instance of metadata as part of backing up the information-asset source.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
detecting that the information asset has been modified;
updating, in response to detecting that the information asset has been modified, the first instance of metadata;
storing the updated first instance of metadata to the global metadata repository.
13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
requesting, at the first data-management system, information associated with the information asset from the global metadata repository;
receiving, at the first data-management system and from the global metadata repository, information associated with the information asset that includes the second instance of metadata;
performing, at the first data-management system, an action involving the information asset based at least in part on the information associated with the information asset received from the global metadata repository.
14. A system for aggregating information-asset metadata from multiple disparate data-management systems, the system comprising:
a receiving module, stored in memory, that:
receives, from a first data-management system that manages information assets of an entity in a first domain, a first instance of metadata of an information asset, the first instance of metadata having been generated by the first data-management system;
receives, from a second data-management system that manages the information assets of the entity in a second domain that is separate and distinct from the first domain, a second instance of metadata of the information asset, the second instance of metadata having been generated by the second data-management system;

a storing module, stored in memory, that stores the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata in a global metadata repository that is separate and distinct from the first data-management system and the second data-management system such that the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata are associated with the information asset;
a providing module, stored in memory, that provides access to the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata stored in the global metadata repository to one or more of:
the first data-management system;
the second data-management system;
the entity;

at least one processor that executes the receiving module, the storing module, and the providing module.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the first data-management system manages a first instance of the information asset;
the second data-management system manages a second instance of the information asset;
the first instance of metadata comprises metadata of the first instance of the information asset;
the second instance of metadata comprises metadata of the second instance of the information asset;
the storing module stores the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata in the global metadata repository by:
determining that the first instance of the information asset and the second instance of the information asset are instances of the same information asset;
associating, based at least in part on determining that the first instance of the information asset and the second instance of the information asset are instances of the same information asset, the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the first data-management system manages a first instance of the information asset;
the second data-management system manages a second instance of the information asset;
the first instance of metadata comprises metadata of the first instance of the information asset;
the second instance of metadata comprises metadata of the second instance of the information asset;
the storing module stores the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata in the global metadata repository by:
generating a first fingerprint based at least in part on at least one of:
the first instance of the information asset;
the first instance of metadata;

generating a second fingerprint based at least in part on at least one of:
the second instance of the information asset;
the second instance of metadata;

determining that the first fingerprint matches the second fingerprint;
associating, based at least in part on determining that the first fingerprint matches the second fingerprint, the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the global metadata repository uses a normalized schema to store the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the global metadata repository uses an extensible schema to store the first instance of metadata and the second instance of metadata;
the extensible schema enables the first data-management system and the second data-management system to store any metadata in the global metadata repository.
19. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the information asset is accessible via an information-asset source;
the first data-management system and the second data-management system can generate the first instance of metadata;
the information-asset source must be accessed to generate the first instance of metadata;
the receiving module and the providing module further coordinate the first data-management system and the second data-management system so that:
the first data-management system:
accesses the information-asset source;
generates the first instance of metadata;
stores the first instance of metadata in the global metadata repository;

the second data-management system accesses the first instance of metadata from the global metadata repository without accessing the information-asset source.
20. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the information asset is one of a plurality of information assets of the entity that are accessible via an information-asset source;
the receiving module ensures that metadata of each of the plurality of information assets is received from at least one of the first data-management system and the second data-management system as part of receiving the first instance of metadata and receiving the second instance of metadata.

1. A method for data transmission, the method comprising:
obtaining data comprising one or more logical channels wherein each of the logical channels comprises one or more code blocks, and wherein each of the code blocks comprises one or more turbo groups;
organizing the data based on the one or more code blocks to produce time-sequenced turbo groups; and
outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said obtaining comprises obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the one or more code blocks comprises four turbo groups.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising organizing the data into four frames wherein one of the four turbo groups associated with each of the one or more code blocks is assigned to one of the four frames, respectively.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said obtaining comprises obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the code blocks comprises a symbol index and a slot index.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said organizing comprises organizing the one or more turbo groups associated with the one or more code blocks based on the symbol index and the slot index.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said organizing comprises:
organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower slot index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index; and
organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower symbol index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said outputting comprises:
writing the time-sequenced turbo groups into one or more memory buffers based on one or more buffer ready signals; and
outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups from the one or more memory buffers based on one or more encoder ready signals.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising maintaining a sorted list of turbo groups and analyzing the maintained list of turbo groups in order to determine if there is data available to begin a super frame.
9. An apparatus for data transmission, the apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to support input logic for obtaining data comprising one or more logical channels wherein each of the logical channels comprises one or more code blocks, and wherein each of the code blocks comprises one or more turbo groups;
a processor configured to support processing logic to organize the data based on the one or more code blocks to produce time-sequenced turbo groups; and
a processor configured to support output logic to output the time-sequenced turbo groups.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the one or more code blocks comprises four turbo groups.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, said processing logic is configured to organize the data into four frames wherein one of the four turbo groups associated with each of the one or more code blocks is assigned to one of the four frames, respectively.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the code blocks comprises a symbol index and a slot index.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said processing logic is configured to organize the one or more turbo groups associated with the one or more code blocks based on the symbol index and the slot index.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said processing logic is configured to organize the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower slot index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index, and to organize the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower symbol index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher symbol index.
15. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a processor configured to maintain a sorted list of turbo groups and analyze the maintained list of turbo groups in order to determine if there is data available to begin a super frame.
16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said outputting comprises:
writing the time-sequenced turbo groups into one or more memory buffers based on one or more buffer ready signals; and
outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups from the one or more memory buffers based on one or more encoder ready signals.
17. An apparatus for data transmission, the apparatus comprising:
means for obtaining data comprising one or more logical channels wherein each of the logical channels comprises one or more code blocks, and wherein each of the code blocks comprises one or more turbo groups;
means for organizing the data based on the one or more code blocks to produce time-sequenced turbo groups; and
means for outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said means for obtaining comprises means for obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the one or more code blocks comprises four turbo groups.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising means for organizing the data into four frames wherein one of the four turbo groups associated with each of the one or more code blocks is assigned to one of the four frames, respectively.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said means for obtaining comprises means for obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the code blocks comprises a symbol index and a slot index.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said means for organizing comprises means for organizing the one or more turbo groups associated with the one or more code blocks based on the symbol index and the slot index.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said means for organizing comprises:
means for organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower slot index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index; and
means for organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower symbol index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index.
23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said means for outputting comprises:
means for writing the time-sequenced turbo groups into one or more memory buffers based on one or more buffer ready signals; and
means for outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups from the one or more memory buffers based on one or more encoder ready signals.
24. A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer executable instructions which is executable by at least one processor, and operable to provide a system for data transmission, the computer executable instructions comprising:
instructions for obtaining data comprising one or more logical channels wherein each of the logical channels comprises one or more code blocks, and wherein each of the code blocks comprises one or more turbo groups;
instructions for organizing the data based on the one or more code blocks to produce time-sequenced turbo groups; and
instructions for outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups.
25. The computer readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein said instructions for obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the one or more code blocks comprising one or more turbo groups includes four turbo groups.
26. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 25, further comprising instructions for organizing the data into four frames wherein one of the four turbo groups associated with each of the one or more code blocks is assigned to one of the four frames, respectively.
27. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein said instructions for obtaining comprise instructions for obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the code blocks comprises a symbol index and a slot index.
28. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein said instructions for organizing comprise instructions for organizing the one or more turbo groups associated with the one or more code blocks based on the symbol index and the slot index.
29. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 28, wherein said instructions for organizing comprise:
instructions for organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower slot index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index; and
instructions for organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower symbol index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index.
30. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein said instructions for outputting comprise:
instructions for writing the time-sequenced turbo groups into one or more memory buffers based on one or more buffer ready signals; and
instructions for outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups from the one or more memory buffers based on one or more encoder ready signals.
31. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising means for maintaining a sorted list of turbo groups and analyzing the maintained list of turbo groups in order to determine if there is data available to begin a super frame.
32. At least one processor configured to perform a method for data transmission, the method comprising:
obtaining, using a processor, data comprising one or more logical channels wherein each of the logical channels comprises one or more code blocks, and wherein each of the code blocks comprises one or more turbo groups;
organizing, using a processor, the data based on the one or more code blocks to produce time-sequenced turbo groups; and
outputting, using a processor, the time-sequenced turbo groups.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein said obtaining comprises obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the one or more code blocks comprises four turbo groups.
34. The method of claim 33, further comprising organizing the data into four frames wherein one of the four turbo groups associated with each of the one or more code blocks is assigned to one of the four frames, respectively.
35. The method of claim 32, wherein said obtaining comprises obtaining the data comprising the one or more code blocks wherein each of the code blocks comprises a symbol index and a slot index.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein said organizing comprises organizing the one or more turbo groups associated with the one or more code blocks based on the symbol index and the slot index.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein said organizing comprises:
organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower slot index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index; and organizing the one or more turbo groups so that turbo groups associated with a lower symbol index are time-sequenced before turbo groups associated with a higher slot index.
38. The method of claim 32, wherein said outputting comprises:
writing the time-sequenced turbo groups into one or more memory buffers based on one or more buffer ready signals; and
outputting the time-sequenced turbo groups from the one or more memory buffers based on one or more encoder ready signals.
39. The computer readable storage medium of claim 24, further comprising instructions for maintaining a sorted list of turbo groups and analyzing the maintained list of turbo groups in order to determine if there is data available to begin a super frame.
40. The processor of claim 39, further configured to perform a method for maintaining a sorted list of turbo groups and analyzing the maintained list of turbo groups in order to determine if there is data available to begin a super frame.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A composition comprising primate pluripotent cells, and a medium comprising an effective amount of human serum in a matrix-free culture vessel, wherein the primate pluripotent cells are in contact with the medium in the culture vessel and wherein the serum promotes attachment of the primate pluripotent cells and the cells are attached to the culture vessel.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the medium supports proliferation of the primate pluripotent cell in an undifferentiated state.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the culture vessel does not comprise feeder cells.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the culture vessel is a bioreactor.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the primate pluripotent cells are human embryonic stem cells (hESC).
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the human serum is at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 20% of the medium.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the primate pluripotent stem cells continue to proliferate without differentiation for more than 2 serial passages.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the primate pluripotent stem cells are passaged by enzymatic dissociation and replating.