Author: claimsbot

1. An antenna system comprising:
at least two antenna arrangements, each having at least one port, and all ports connected through transmission lines in a combiningsplitting circuit,
where said antenna arrangements form a spatial element array able to track a target in an elevation plane by mechanically rotating the antenna arrangements about transverse axes giving rise to generation of respective elevation angles and changing the respective distances between said axes in a predefined relationship at least with the respective elevation angles;
said combiningsplitting circuit provides phasing and signal delay in order to maintain pre-configured radiating parameters.
2. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein projections of said antenna arrangements on a plane perpendicular to the elevation direction are touching or overlapping.
3. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein said antenna arrangements are planar element arrays.
4. The antenna system according to claim 3 wherein said planar element arrays are planar phased arrays.
5. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein said antenna arrangements are conformal element arrays.
6. The antenna system according to claim 5 wherein said conformal element arrays are conformal phased arrays.
7. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein said antenna arrangements being one from a group that includes reflector antenna, lens antenna and horn antenna.
8. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein said respective elevation angles are identical (e) for all antenna arrangements and said respective distances are identical (D) between each neighboring axes.
9. The antenna system of claim 8 wherein said relationship substantially complies with the following equation:
D
=
1

sin
\u2061

(
\u2147
)
*
W
where D represents the distance between said axes, e represents said elevation angle, and W represents a width of each antenna arrangement.
10. The antenna system according to claim 1 wherein said arrangements provide either or both of transmit and receive mode.
11. The antenna system according to claim 1 wherein each one of said antenna arrangements consists of more than one planar element array antenna module.
12. The antenna system according to claim 11 wherein said planar element array antenna modules are planar phase array antenna modules.
13. The antenna system according to claim 1 wherein the relationship between the respective distances and the respective elevation angles is non-linear chosen to maximize gain and minimize side lobes for a whole field of view, and performing selected overlapping of projections towards the target for lower elevation angles.
14. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein said target being a selected satellite, and wherein said antenna is configured to be fitted on mobile vehicle, for communicating with satellite signals during stationary and moving states of said vehicle.
15. The antenna system according to claim 14, wherein said vehicle being any of: train, bus, SUV, RV, boat, car and aircraft.
16. The system according to claim 14 wherein said antenna is configured to be fitted on a mobile vehicle, for receiving satellite signals during stationary and moving states of said vehicle.
17. The system according to claim 1 being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
18. The system according to claim 1 being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
19. An antenna system including:
at least two antenna arrangements mounted on a common rotary platform, using a carriage for each arrangement which provides mechanical bearing for an axis perpendicular to the elevation plane of the antenna arrangement, to thereby provide its elevation movement;
wherein the axes of rotation of all antenna arrangements are parallel each to other;
two rails joined with the carriages are mounted on the rotary platform at their bottom side,
driving means providing linear guided movement of the axes of rotation in direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the antenna arrangements.
20. The system according to claim 19 being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
21. The system according to claim 19 being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
22. An antenna system comprising:
at least two antenna arrangements, each accommodating a transverse axis;
a mechanism for rotating the arrangements in order to track a target in the azimuth plane, and rotating each arrangement about its transverse axis in order to track the target in the elevation plane;
mechanism for moving the transverse axes one with respect to the other so as to maintain substantially no gaps between antenna apertures as viewed for any elevation angle within selectable elevation angle range.
23. The system according to claim 22 being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
24. The system according to claim 22 being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
25. An antenna system comprising:
at least two antenna arrangements, each accommodating a transverse axis;
a mechanism for rotating the arrangements in order to track a target in the azimuth plane, and rotating each arrangement about its transverse axis in order to track the target in the elevation plane;
mechanism for moving the transverse axes one with respect to the other, so as to maintain substantially no gaps between antenna apertures for any location where a target is in the field of view of the antenna system.
26. The system according to claim 25 being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
27. The system according to claim 25 being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
28. An antenna system comprising:
at least two antenna arrangements, each accommodating a transverse axis;
a mechanism for rotating the arrangements in order to track a target in the azimuth plane, and rotating each arrangement about its transverse axis in order to track the target in the elevation plane;
mechanism for moving the transverse axes one with respect to the other; while maintaining antenna gain and side lobes level within a predefined range for any elevation angle within a pre-defined range of elevation angles.
29. The antenna system according to claim 28 wherein said mechanism is configured to move the transverse axes one with respect to the other, while maintaining antenna gain and side lobes level substantially the same for any elevation angle within a pre-defined range of elevation angles.
30. The system according to claim 28 being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
31. The system according to claim 28 being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
32. An antenna system comprising:
at least two antenna arrangements, each accommodating a transverse axis;
a mechanism for rotating the arrangements in order to track a target in the azimuth plane, and rotating each arrangement about its transverse axis in order to track the target in the elevation plane;
mechanism for moving the transverse axes one with respect to the other;
the antenna system being not taller than 13 cm.
33. An antenna assembly for satellite tracking system comprising at least two antenna arrangements forming a spatial element array capable of dynamic tracking a target in an elevation plane by mechanically dynamically rotating the antenna arrangements about transverse axes giving rise to generation of respective elevation angles, and dynamically changing the respective distances between said axes whilst maintaining a predefined relationship between said distances and respective elevation angles; said antenna arrangement each having at least one port, and all ports connected to at least one combiningsplitting circuit providing phasing and signal delay in order to maintain pre configured radiating parameters.
34. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein projections of said antenna arrangements on a plane perpendicular to the elevation direction are substantially touching or overlapping.
35. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein projections of said antenna arrangements on a plane perpendicular to the elevation direction have at most small gaps while maintaining pre-configured sidelobe parameters.
36. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein said antenna arrangements are planar element arrays.
37. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein said antenna arrangements are conformal element arrays.
38. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein said antenna arrangements being one from a group that includes reflector antenna, lens antenna, slot antenna, line source antenna, and horn antenna.
39. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein, during said dynamic tracking, said respective elevation angles are substantially identical (e) for all antenna arrangements, and said respective distances are substantially identical (D) between each neighboring axes.
40. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein said relationship substantially complies with the following equation:
D
=
1

sin
\u2061

(
\u2147
)
*
W
,
where D represents the distance between said axes, e represents said elevation angle, and W represents a width of each antenna arrangement.
41. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein said arrangements provide either or both of transmit and receive mode.
42. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein each one of said antenna arrangements consists of more than one planar element array antenna module.
43. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein the relationship between the respective distances and the respective elevation angles is non-linear chosen to maximize gain and minimize side lobes for a whole field of view, and performing selected overlapping of projections towards the target for lower elevation angles.
44. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein the relationship between the respective distances and the respective elevation angles is configured to vary dynamically to optimize gain and side lobes for a whole field of view.
45. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein the relationship between the respective distances and the respective elevation angles is fixed to optimize projections towards the target for certain elevation angles.
46. The antenna assembly of claim 33, wherein said target being a selected satellite, and wherein said antenna is configured to be fitted on mobile vehicle, for communicating with satellite signals during stationary and moving states of said vehicle.
47. The antenna assembly of claim 46, wherein said vehicle being any of: train, bus, SUV, RV, boat, car, truck, aircraft, farm vehicle.
48. An antenna assembly for satellite tracking system including at least two antenna arrangements mounted on a common rotary platform, using a carriage for each arrangement which provides mechanical bearing for an axis perpendicular to the elevation plane of the antenna arrangement, to thereby provide its dynamic elevation movement; wherein the axes of rotation of all antenna arrangements are parallel each to other; two rails joined with the carriages are mounted on the rotary platform at their bottom side, driving means providing linear guided movement of the axes of rotation in direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the antenna arrangements in a predefined relationship at least with the respective elevation movement.
49. An antenna assembly for satellite tracking system comprising: at least two antenna arrangements each accommodating a transverse axis; a mechanism for rotating the arrangements in order to track a target in an azimuth plane, and rotating each arrangement about its transverse axis in order to dynamically track the target in an elevation plane, the system further includes at least one of the following:
(a) mechanism for dynamically changing distance between the transverse axes so as to maintain substantially no gaps between antenna apertures as viewed for any elevation angle within selectable elevation angle range;
(b) mechanism for dynamically changing distance between the transverse axes, so as to maintain substantially no gaps between antenna apertures for any location where a target is in the field of view of the antenna system;
(c) mechanism for dynamically changing distance between the transverse axes, whilst maintaining antenna gain and side lobes level within a predefined range for any elevation angle within a pre-defined range of elevation angles.
50. The antenna assembly of claim 49, wherein said mechanism for moving the transverse axes one with respect to the other, whilst maintaining antenna gain and side lobes level within a predefined range for any elevation angle within a pre-defined range of elevation angles is configured to move the transverse axes one with respect to the other, whilst maintaining antenna gain and side lobes level substantially the same for any elevation angle within a pre-defined range of elevation angles.
51. An antenna assembly for satellite tracking system comprising: at least two antenna arrangements each accommodating a transverse axis; a mechanism for rotating the arrangements in order to track a target in an azimuth plane, and rotating each arrangement about its transverse axis in order to track the target in an elevation plane; mechanism for dynamically changing distance between the transverse axes; the antenna system is not taller than 13 cm.
52. The antenna assembly of claim 36, wherein said planar element arrays being planar phased arrays.
53. The antenna assembly of claim 37, wherein said conformal element arrays being conformal phased arrays.
54. The antenna assembly of claim 42, wherein said planar element array antenna modules being planar phase array antenna modules.
55. The antenna assembly of claim 33, being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
56. The antenna assembly of claim 49, being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
57. The antenna assembly of claim 49, being of up to 13 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
58. The antenna assembly of claim 33, being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
59. The antenna assembly of claim 48, being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
60. The antenna assembly of claim 49, being of up to 10 cm height when fitted on a vehicle.
61. The antenna assembly of claims 46 or 47, wherein said assembly is configured to be fitted on mobile vehicle, for receiving Satellite signal during stationary and moving states of said vehicle.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A particulate matter processing apparatus comprising:
an electrode that is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine with a voltage to be applied thereto being able to be changed;
a detection device that detects an electric current passing through said electrode;
a determination device that determines whether a pulse current has been generated in the electric current detected by said detection device; and
a control device that reduces said voltage to be applied more than that at this time in cases where a determination has been made by said determination device that a pulse current has been generated.
2. The particulate matter processing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said control device increases said voltage to be applied more than that at this time in cases where a determination has been made by said determination device that a pulse current is not generated.
3. The particulate matter processing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a processing part that is arranged in said exhaust passage with said electrode installed therein;
an insulation part that insulates electricity between said processing part and said exhaust passage;
a ground part that grounds said processing part; and
a power supply that is connected to said electrode and applies a voltage thereto;
wherein said detection device detects the electric current in said ground part.
4. The particulate matter processing apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein said electrode is lower in electric potential than said processing part.
5. The particulate matter processing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein in cases where a high frequency component has been extracted by causing the electric current detected by said detection device to pass through a high pass filter, said determination device makes a determination that a pulse current has been generated.

1. A spatial light modulation device which modulates a phase of incident light for each of a plurality of pixels one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally arrayed, the device comprising:
a liquid crystal layer modulating a phase of the incident light according to a level of an applied electric field;
a temperature sensor generating a temperature signal which is a signal corresponding to a temperature of the liquid crystal layer;
a plurality of pixel electrodes which are provided for each of the plurality of pixels and apply a voltage for generating the applied electric field to the liquid crystal layer; and
a voltage generation unit providing the voltage to the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein
the voltage generation unit has storage means, and in the storage means, one or a plurality of first coefficients included in a first function expressing a correlation between a temperature change amount with respect to a reference temperature of the liquid crystal layer and a variation in phase modulation amount in the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of second coefficients included in a second function which is a nonlinear function expressing a correlation between an applied voltage and a phase modulation amount at the reference temperature are stored in advance, and
the voltage generation unit carries out a calculation for correcting a phase modulation amount indicated value which is a target value of a phase modulation amount by use of a temperature indicated by the temperature signal provided from the temperature sensor, and the one or plurality of first coefficients, thereafter converts the phase modulation amount indicated value into an applied voltage corresponding value by use of the plurality of second coefficients, and provides the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value to the plurality of pixel electrodes.
2. The spatial light modulation device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage generation unit transforms a desired phase modulation amount into a control input value which is a value for controlling the voltage and whose relationship with the phase modulation amount is able to be handled as linear, and generates the phase modulation amount indicated value based on the control input value.
3. The spatial light modulation device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage generation unit stores the corrected phase modulation amount indicated value and the applied voltage corresponding value calculated based on the phase modulation amount indicated value, and in the case where there is an applied voltage corresponding value corresponding to the corrected phase modulation amount indicated value, without performing a calculation, provides the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value to the plurality of pixel electrodes.
4. A spatial light modulation method which uses a liquid crystal layer modulating a phase of incident light according to a level of an applied electric field, and a plurality of pixel electrodes which are provided for each of a plurality of pixels one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally arrayed, and apply a voltage for generating the applied electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the method comprising:
a temperature acquisition step of acquiring a temperature signal which is a signal corresponding to a temperature of the liquid crystal layer from a temperature sensor;
a correction calculation step of reading out one or a plurality of first coefficients from storage means storing in advance the one or plurality of first coefficients included in a first function expressing a correlation between a temperature change amount with respect to a reference temperature of the liquid crystal layer and a variation in phase modulation amount in the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of second coefficients included in a second function which is a nonlinear function expressing a correlation between an applied voltage and a phase modulation amount at the reference temperature, and carrying out a calculation for correcting a phase modulation amount indicated value which is a target value of a phase modulation amount by use of a temperature indicated by the temperature signal, and the one or plurality of first coefficients;
a voltage conversion step of reading out the plurality of second coefficients from the storage means, and converting the phase modulation amount indicated value into an applied voltage corresponding value by use of the plurality of second coefficients; and
a voltage application step of providing the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value to the plurality of pixel electrodes.
5. The spatial light modulation method according to claim 4, wherein, in the correction calculation step, a desired phase modulation amount is transformed into a control input value which is a value for controlling the voltage and whose relationship with the phase modulation amount is able to be handled as linear, and the phase modulation amount indicated value is generated based on the control input value.
6. The spatial light modulation method according to claim 4, wherein, in the voltage conversion step, the corrected phase modulation amount indicated value and the applied voltage corresponding value calculated based on the phase modulation amount indicated value are stored, and in the case where there is an applied voltage corresponding value corresponding to the corrected phase modulation amount indicated value, in the voltage application step, without performing a calculation, the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value is provided to the plurality of pixel electrodes.
7. A spatial light modulation device which modulates a phase of incident light for each of a plurality of pixels one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally arrayed, the device comprising:
a liquid crystal layer modulating a phase of the incident light according to a level of an applied electric field;
a temperature sensor generating a temperature signal which is a signal corresponding to a temperature of the liquid crystal layer;
a plurality of pixel electrodes which are provided for each of the plurality of pixels and apply a voltage for generating the applied electric field to the liquid crystal layer; and
a voltage generation unit providing the voltage to the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein
the voltage generation unit has storage means, and in the storage means, one or a plurality of first coefficients included in a first function expressing a correlation between a temperature change amount with respect to a reference temperature of the liquid crystal layer and a variation in phase modulation amount in the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of second coefficients included in a second function which is a nonlinear function expressing a correlation between an applied voltage and a phase modulation amount are stored in advance, and
the voltage generation unit carries out a calculation for correcting a phase modulation amount indicated value which is a target value of a phase modulation amount by use of a temperature indicated by the temperature signal provided from the temperature sensor, and the one or plurality of first coefficients, thereafter converts the phase modulation amount indicated value into an applied voltage corresponding value by use of the plurality of second coefficients, and provides the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value to the plurality of pixel electrodes,
the first function is a linear function, and the number of the first coefficients is one, and
the voltage generation unit corrects the phase modulation amount indicated value based on the following formula:
\u03d5
0

=
\u03d5
T
(

100
–

\u03b1
\xd7

(

T
–

T
\u2062
\u2062
0
)
)
\xd7
100
(where, T is a temperature indicated by the temperature signal provided from the temperature sensor, T0 is a reference temperature, \u03c6T is the phase modulation amount indicated value before correction, \u03c60 is the phase modulation amount indicated value after correction, and \u03b1 is the first coefficient).
8. A spatial light modulation device which modulates a phase of incident light for each of a plurality of pixels one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally arrayed, the device comprising:
a liquid crystal layer modulating a phase of incident light according to a level of an applied electric field;
a temperature sensor generating a temperature signal which is a signal corresponding to a temperature of the liquid crystal layer;
a plurality of pixel electrodes which are provided for each of the plurality of pixels and apply a voltage for generating the applied electric field to the liquid crystal layer;
a voltage generation unit providing the voltage to the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein
the voltage generation unit has storage means, and in the storage means, one or a plurality of first coefficients included in a first function expressing a correlation between a temperature change amount with respect to a reference temperature of the liquid crystal layer and a variation in phase modulation amount in the fluid crystal layer, and a plurality of second coefficients included in a second function which is a nonlinear function expressing a correlation between an applied voltage and a phase modulation amount are stored in advance, and
the voltage generation unit carries out a calculation for correcting a phase modulation amount indicated value which is a target value of a phase modulation amount by use of a temperature indicated b the temperature signal provided from the temperature sensor and the one or plurality of first coefficients, thereafter converts the phase modulation amount indicated value into an as lied voltage corresponding value b use of the plurality of second coefficients and provides the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value to the plurality of pixel electrodes,
the first function is an n-th order function (n is an integer not less than 2), and the number of the first coefficients is n, and
the voltage generation unit corrects the phase modulation amount indicated value based on the following formula:
\u03d5
0

=
\u03d5
T
100
–
(

T
–

T
\u2062
\u2062
0
)

\xd7
\u2062

\u03b2
1
–
\u2062
\u2026
\u2062
–
(

T
–

T
\u2062
0
)

n

\xd7

\u03b2
n
\xd7
100
(where, T is a temperature indicated by the temperature signal provided from the temperature sensor, T0 is a reference temperature, \u03c6T is the phase modulation amount indicated value before correction, \u03c60 is the phase modulation amount indicated value after correction, and \u03b21. . .\u03b2n are the n first coefficients).
9. A spatial light modulation method which uses a liquid crystal layer modulating a phase of incident light according to a level of an applied electric field, and a plurality of pixel electrodes which are provided for each of a plurality of pixels one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally arrayed, and apply a voltage for generating the applied electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the method comprising:
a temperature acquisition step of acquiring a temperature signal which is a signal corresponding to a temperature of the liquid crystal layer from a temperature sensor;
a correction calculation step of reading out one or a plurality of first coefficients from storage means storing in advance the one or plurality of first coefficients included in a first function expressing a correlation between a temperature change amount with respect to a reference temperature of the liquid crystal layer and a variation in phase modulation amount in the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of second coefficients included in a second function which is a nonlinear function expressing a correlation between an applied voltage and a phase modulation amount, and carrying out a calculation for correcting a phase modulation amount indicated value which is a target value of a phase modulation amount by use of a temperature indicated by the temperature signal, and the one or plurality of first coefficients;
a voltage conversion step of reading out the plurality of second coefficients from the storage means, and converting the phase modulation amount indicated value into an applied voltage corresponding value by use of the plurality of second coefficients; and
a voltage application step of providing the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value to the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein
the first function is a linear function, and the number of the first coefficients is one, and
in the correction calculation step, the phase modulation amount indicated value is corrected based on the following formula:
\u03d5
0

=
\u03d5
T
(

100
–

\u03b1
\xd7

(

T
–

T
\u2062
\u2062
0
)
)
\xd7
100
(where, T is a temperature indicated by the temperature signal provided from the temperature sensor, T0 is a reference temperature, \u03c6T is the phase modulation amount indicated value before correction, \u03c60 is the phase modulation amount indicated value after correction, and \u03b1 is the first coefficient).
10. A spatial light modulation method which uses a liquid crystal layer modulating a phase of incident light according to a level of an applied electric field, and a plurality of pixel electrodes which are provided for each of a plurality of pixels one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally arrayed, and apply a voltage for generating the applied electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the method comprising:
a temperature acquisition step of acquiring a temperature signal which is a signal corresponding to a temperature of the liquid crystal layer from a temperature sensor;
a correction calculation step of reading out one or a plurality of first coefficients from storage means storing in advance the one or plurality of first coefficients included in a first function expressing a correlation between a temperature change amount with respect to a reference temperature of the liquid crystal layer and a variation in phase modulation amount in the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of second coefficients included in a second function which is a nonlinear function expressing a correlation between an applied voltage and a phase modulation amount, and carrying out a calculation for correcting a phase modulation amount indicated value which is a target value of a phase modulation amount by use of a temperature indicated by the temperature signal, and the one or plurality of first coefficients;
a voltage conversion step of reading out the plurality of second coefficients from the storage means, and converting the phase modulation amount indicated value into an applied voltage corresponding value by use of the plurality of second coefficients: and
a voltage application step of providing the voltage corresponding to the applied voltage corresponding value to the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein
the first function is an n-th order function (n is an integer not less than 2), and the number of the first coefficients is n, and
in the correction calculation step, the phase modulation amount indicated value is corrected based on the following formula:
\u03d5
0

=
\u03d5
T
100
–
(

T
–

T
\u2062
\u2062
0
)

\xd7
\u2062

\u03b2
1
–
\u2062
\u2026
\u2062
–
(

T
–

T
\u2062
0
)

n

\xd7

\u03b2
n
\xd7
100
(where, T is a temperature indicated by the temperature signal provided from the temperature sensor, T0 is a reference temperature, \u03c6T is the phase modulation amount indicated value before correction, 0 is the phase modulation amount indicated value after correction, and \u03b21. . .\u03b2n are the n first coefficients).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A diindenothiophene derivative having a structure of formula (1):
wherein, G1, G2, G3 and G4 are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted C6-C40-aromatic group or C1-C40-aliphatic group; A is an electron-withdrawing group; and D is an electron-donating group.
2. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 1, wherein G1, G2, G3 and G4 are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted C6-C20-aromatic group.
3. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 2, wherein G1, G2, G3 and G4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of formula (3), formula (4), formula (5), and formula (6):
wherein, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-C8-alkyl, or a C1-C8-alkoxy; and B is CH2, NH, S, Si or O.
4. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 2, wherein G1, G2, G3 and G4 are each independently
5. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 2, wherein G1, G2, G3 and G4 are all
6. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of
7. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 6, wherein A is
8. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 1, wherein D is selected from \u2014N(S1)(S2) or \u2014C6H4\u2014N(S1)(S2) where S1 and S2 are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted C6-C20-aromatic group.
9. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 8, wherein S1 and S2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following formula (7), formula (8), formula (9), formula (10), and formula (11):
wherein R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-C5-alkyl or a C1-C5-alkoxy; and E is CH2, NH, S, Si or O.
10. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 9, wherein D is
11. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 10, wherein D is
12. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a diindenothiophene derivative as claimed in claim 1.