Author: claimsbot

1. A method for preparing barium titanate powder comprising the steps of:
precipitating a mixture of aqueous barium chloride and titanium tetrachloride to an aqueous oxalic acid by spraying via a nozzle in high speed, aging, filtering and washing to obtain barium titanyl oxalate;
wet pulverizing the obtained barium titanyl oxalate after adding a nitrogen-containing additive chosen from ammonia, amines, ammonium compound, and amino acids by means of a beads mill, drying and pyrolyzing to produce barium titanate powder; and
re-pulverizing the obtained barium titanate powder.
2. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said nitrogen-containing additive is used in the range of 0.5 to 20 mol % relative to barium titanyl oxalate.
3. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said amine is expressed by the following formula (1),
3
wherein R1, R2, and R3 represent individually hydrogen atom or C1-C5 alkyl.
4. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 3, wherein said amine is selected from the group consisting of methyl amine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine.
5. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said ammonium compound is expressed by the following formula (2),
4
wherein R1, R2, and R3 represent individually hydrogen atom or C1-C5 alkyl; A represents hydroxyl (n1), nitrate (n1), sulfate (n2), phosphate (n3), carbonate (n2), bicarbonate (n1), C1-C10 carboxyl (n1), or C2-C10 dicarboxyl group (n2).
6. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 5, wherein said ammonium compound is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium bicarbonate, and trimethylammonium hydroxide.
7. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein said amino acid is selected from the group consisting of arginine and lysine.
8. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 1, wherein a divalent or tetravalent metal is used with said nitrogen-containing additive.
9. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 8, wherein said divalent metal is at least on selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Pb.
10. A Method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 8, wherein said tetravalent metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, and Sn.
11. (cancelled)
12. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 8, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbonates, chlorides and nitrates of said metal.
13. A method for preparing barium titanate powder power of claim 9, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbonates, chlorides and nitrates of said metal.
14. A method for preparing barium titanate powder of claim 10, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbonates, chlorides and nitrates of said metal.
15. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the aqueous barium chloride has a concentration of 0.2 to 2.0 moll.
16. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the aqueous titanate tetrachloride has a concentration of 0.2 to 2.0 moll.
17. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the aqueous oxalic acid has a concentration of 0.2 to 5.0 moll.
18. A method for preparing barium titanate of claim 1, wherein the precipating step is effected at a temperature of from 20 to 100 C.
19. A barium titanate powder produced by the method of claim 1, having a higher insulating resistance and lower dielectric loss as compared to barium titanate powder produced by a wet pulverization process of preparing barium titanate without using said nitrogen-containing additive.
20. A barium titanate powder of claim 19, wherein said dielectric constant is about 20% greater than that produced by said wet pulverization process without using said nitrogen-containing additive.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus for displaying an interactive matrixed video channel in a first screen having a plurality of individual video feeds being presented at a given time, the first screen comprising:
a plurality of video cells presenting at least video information, each video cell associated with one of the plurality of individual video feeds, the plurality of video cells including a user-selected video cell; and
a text box concurrently displayed with the plurality of video cells;
a control bar having a plurality of control bar icons presented concurrently with the plurality of video cells and the text box, the each of the control bar icons corresponding to only one of a plurality of user-selectable buttons of a remote control;
wherein:
statistical data related to video information being presented by the user-selected video cell and distinct from program guide data and previews of upcoming events distinct from program guide data are presented within at least one of the plurality of video cells simultaneously with the video information being presented and transmitted as part of the interactive matrixed video channel, the statistical data and the previews of upcoming events are generated from outside of the interactive matrixed video channel;

a user selection of only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control selects a second screen for presentation that replaces the first screen, the second screen and comprising user-scrollable information having one or more user-selectable further screens replacing the second screen upon selection by the user; and
the video feed associated with the user-selected video cell depicts a sporting event, and the user selection of the only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control presents a second program guide having programming of only the sporting event including future television coverage of the sporting event.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first screen further comprises a cursor, for selecting the user selected video cell.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a barker cell that presents additional video and audio information that is selectable by the cursor.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the plurality of video cells are grouped by genre.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sporting event is selected from a group comprising an Olympic Games, a NCAA basketball tournament, and a National Football League game schedule.
6. A system for delivering at least one interactive matrixed video channel for display in a first screen having a plurality of individual video feeds being presented at a given time, the first screen comprising:
at least one receiver, for receiving at least one downlink signal transmitted from at least one satellite, the at least one downlink signal related to at least one uplink signal from an uplink facility, the at least one receiver for providing a video signal generated from the at least one downlink signal for display by the video monitor the video signal comprising:
a plurality of video cells presenting at least video information, each video cell associated with a respective one of the plurality of individual video feeds, the plurality of video cells including a user selected video cell; and
a text box, displayed on the video monitor;
a control bar having a plurality of control bar icons presented concurrently with the plurality of video cells and the text box, the each of the control bar icons corresponding to only one of a plurality of user-selectable buttons of a remote control;

wherein:
the video signal includes statistical data related to video information of the user-selected video cell and distinct from program guide data and previews of upcoming events distinct from program guide data are included within at least one of the plurality of video cells, the statistical data and previews of upcoming events transmitted simultaneously with the video information of the user-selected cell, the statistical data being in the video signal as part of the at least one interactive matrixed video channel, wherein the statistical data and the previews of upcoming events are generated from outside of the interactive matrixed video channel;
a user selection of only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control selects a second screen for presentation that replaces the first screen, the second screen and comprising user-scrollable information having one or more user-selectable further screens replacing the second screen upon selection by the user; and
the video feed associated with the user-selected video cell depicts a sporting event, and the user selection of the only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control presents a second program guide having programming of only the sporting event including future television coverage of the sporting event.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the statistical data is further disposed within the text box.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the video signal further comprises a cursor for selecting the user selected video cell.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the video signal further comprises a barker cell that presents additional video and audio information that is selectable by the cursor.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of video cells are grouped by genre.
11. The system of claim 6, wherein the specific event is selected from a group comprising an Olympic Games, a NCAA basketball tournament, and a National Football League game schedule.
12. A system for displaying at least one interactive matrixed video channel in a first screen having a plurality of individual video feeds being presented at a given time, the first screen comprising:
a receiver for receiving a transmitted interactive matrixed channel, for providing a video signal comprising:
a plurality of video cells presenting at least video information, each video cell associated with one of the plurality of individual video feeds, the plurality of video cells including a user-selected video cell; and
a text box, displayed on the video monitor;
a control bar having a plurality of control bar icons presented concurrently with the plurality of video cells and the text box, the each of the control bar icons corresponding to only one of a plurality of user-selectable buttons of a remote control;

wherein:
statistical data related to video information of the user-selected video cell and distinct from program guide data and previews of upcoming events distinct from program guide data are received along with the transmitted interactive matrixed channel and presented within at least one of the plurality of video cells simultaneously with the video information as part of the interactive matrixed video channel, wherein the statistical data and the previews of upcoming events are generated from outside of the interactive matrixed video channel;
a user selection of only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control selects a second screen for presentation that replaces the first screen, the second screen and comprising user-scrollable information having one or more user-selectable further screens replacing the second screen upon selection by the user; and
the video feed associated with the user-selected video cell depicts a sporting event, and the user selection of the only one of the user-selectable buttons of the remote control presents a second program guide having programming of only the sporting event including future television coverage of the sporting event.

1. A method of enhancing an audio signal, the method comprising the steps of:
filtering the audio signal so as to select a frequency range,
dividing the audio signal of the selected frequency range into time segments, and
scaling the audio signal in each time segment so as to increase the sound level of the audio signal in said frequency range,
wherein the time segments are defined by zero crossings of the filtered audio signal.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each time segment is defined by two consecutive zero crossings of the filtered audio signal.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of scaling the audio signal involves a distinct scaling factor for each time segment.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of scaling involves a scaling factor which is constant for each time segment.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of scaling involves a scaling factor which varies with the amplitude of the audio signal.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step of scaling involves a non-linear scaling factor, preferably involving a quadratic or cubic function.
7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:
combining the scaled audio signal of the selected frequency range and the remained of the audio signal of the previously not selected frequency range.
8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of:
comparing the amplitude of the combined audio signal with a threshold value, and
adjusting the amplitude of the audio signal if the threshold is exceeded.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein only the amplitude of the audio signal of the selected frequency range is adjusted.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the steps of comparing the amplitude of the combined audio signal and adjusting the amplitude of the audio signal is carried out per time segment.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selected frequency range is a bass frequency range.
12. The method according to claim 1, comprising the further step of delaying any the signal components of other frequency ranges.
13. A device (1) for enhancing an audio signal, the device comprising:
filter means (2) for filtering the audio signal so as to select a frequency range,
dividing means (3) for dividing the audio signal of the selected frequency range into time segments, and
scaling means (4) for scaling the audio signal in each time segment so as to increase the sound level of the audio signal in said frequency range,
wherein the time segments are defined by zero crossings of the filtered audio signal.
14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the dividing means (3) are arranged for defining each time segment by two consecutive zero crossings of the filtered audio signal.
15. The device according to claim 13, wherein the scaling means are arranged for using a distinct scaling factor for each time segment.
16. The device according to claim 13, wherein the scaling means are arranged for using a scaling factor which is constant for each time segment.
17. The device according to claim 13, wherein the scaling means are arranged for using a scaling factor which varies with the amplitude of the audio signal.
18. The device according to claim 17, wherein the scaling means use a non-linear scaling factor, preferably involving a quadratic or cubic function.
19. The device according to claim 13, further comprising:
combining means (5) for combining the scaled audio signal of the selected frequency range and the remained of the audio signal of the previously not selected frequency range.
20. The device according to claim 19, further comprising:
comparing means (6) for comparing the amplitude of the combined audio signal with a threshold value, and
adjusting means (7) for adjusting the amplitude of the audio signal if the threshold is exceeded.
21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the adjusting means (7) are arranged for adjusting only the amplitude of the audio signal of the selected frequency range.
22. The device according to claim 20, wherein the comparing means (6) and the adjusting means (7) are arranged for comparing the amplitude of the combined audio signal per time segment and adjusting the amplitude of the audio signal per time segment, respectively.
23. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selected frequency range is a bass frequency range.
24. The device according to claim 13, further comprising a delay element (8) for delaying the signal components of other frequency ranges.
25. An audio amplifier comprising a device (1) according to claim 13.
26. An audio system comprising a device (1) according to claim 13.
27. Computer program product comprising code enabling a processor to execute the method of claim 1.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A gamma correction apparatus for outputting a corresponding pixel voltage according to a pixel signal for a liquid crystal display (LCD), wherein the LCD has a plurality of pixels used to display a plurality of colors, the gamma correction apparatus comprising:
a gray-scale voltage generating circuit, which comprises:
a common gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of common gray-scale voltages; and
a plurality of individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits, coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit, wherein each of the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits generates a plurality of individual gray-scale voltages corresponding to one of the colors, and the values of the individual gray-scale voltages generated by each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit are determined according to what color the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit corresponds to; and

a gamma correction circuit, coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit and the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits, wherein according to a corresponding color of the pixel signal, the gamma correction circuit generates the corresponding pixel voltage based on the common gray-scale voltages and the corresponding individual gray-scale voltages of the corresponding color.
2. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit comprises a series of resistors with a plurality of connecting nodes wherein each of the common gray-scale voltages is generated through a corresponding one of the connecting nodes.
3. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits has a plurality of input nodes with each of the input nodes being coupled to a corresponding input voltage source which supplies a corresponding reference voltage to the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled thereto.
4. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the value of the reference voltage supplied is determined according to the color corresponding to the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled to the corresponding input voltage source.
5. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the input nodes of each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit are disposed therein according to the color corresponding to the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit.
6. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit has a plurality of output nodes for generating the individual gray-scale voltages according to the reference voltages.
7. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit is a voltage divider with a series of resistors with a plurality of connecting nodes.
8. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the colors include red, green and blue.
9. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits are:
a red gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of red gray-scale voltages;
a green gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of green gray-scale voltages; and
a blue gray-scale voltage generating circuits for generating a plurality of blue gray-scale voltages;
wherein the gamma correction circuit outputs the pixel voltage corresponding to the pixel signal according to:
the common gray-scale voltages and the red gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color red;
the common gray-scale voltages and the green gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color green; and
the common gray-scale voltages and the blue gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color blue.
10. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding pixel voltage is substantially equal to one of the common gray-scale voltages and the corresponding individual gray-scale voltages.
11. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit comprises a series of resistors with a plurality of nodes, each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit comprises a series of resistors, one end of the series of resistors of the respective individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits is are connected together, and the connected ends of the series of resistors of the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits are further connected to one node of the series of resistors of the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit.
12. A gamma correction apparatus for outputting a corresponding pixel voltage according to a pixel signal for a liquid crystal display (LCD), wherein the LCD has a plurality of pixels used to display the colors red, green, and blue, the gamma correction apparatus comprising:
a gray-scale voltage generating circuit, comprising:
a common gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of common gray-scale voltages;
a red individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of red gray-scale voltages;
a green individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of green gray-scale voltages; and
a blue individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of blue gray-scale voltages; and

a gamma correction circuit coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit and the red, green, and blue individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits;
wherein the gamma correction circuit outputs the pixel voltage corresponding to the pixel signal based on:
the common gray-scale voltages and the red gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color red;
the common gray-scale voltages and the green gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color green; and
the common gray-scale voltages and the blue gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color blue.
13. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 12, wherein:
the red gray-scale voltage generating circuit has a plurality of input nodes with each of the input nodes being coupled to a corresponding input voltage source which supplies a corresponding reference voltage to the red gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled thereto;
the green gray-scale voltage generating circuit has a plurality of input nodes with each of the input nodes being coupled to a corresponding input voltage source which supplies a corresponding reference voltage to the green gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled thereto; and
the blue gray-scale voltage generating circuit has a plurality of input nodes with each of the input nodes being coupled to a corresponding input voltage source which supplies a corresponding reference voltage to the blue gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled thereto.
14. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the red gray-scale voltage generating circuit includes a plurality of output nodes for generating the red gray-scale voltages according to the reference voltages thereof; the green gray-scale voltage generating circuit includes a plurality of output nodes for generating the green gray-scale voltages according to the reference voltages thereof; and the blue gray-scale voltage generating circuit includes a plurality of output nodes for generating the blue gray-scale voltages according to the reference voltages thereof.
15. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the red gray-scale voltage generating circuit, the green gray-scale voltage generating circuit, and the blue gray-scale voltage generating circuit each include a series of resistors with a plurality of connecting nodes.
16. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the connecting nodes is the input node, at least one of the connecting nodes is the output node, and at least one output node is the input node.
17. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the pixel voltage is substantially equal to one of the common gray-scale voltages and the red individual gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color red, the pixel voltage is substantially equal to one of the common gray-scale voltages and the green individual gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color green; and the pixel voltage is substantially equal to one of the common gray-scale voltages and the blue individual gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color blue.
18. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit comprises a series of resistors with a plurality of nodes, each of the red, green, and blue gray-scale voltage generating circuits comprises a series of resistors, one end of the respective series of resistors of the respective red, green, and blue gray-scale voltage generating circuits are connected together and the connected ends of the series of resistors of the respective red, green, and blue gray-scale voltage generating circuits are further connected to one node of the series of resistors of the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit.
19. A liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising:
a plurality of pixels for displaying a plurality of colors; and
a gamma correction apparatus, which outputs a corresponding pixel voltage according to a pixel signal, comprising:
a gray-scale voltage generating circuit, comprising:
a common gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of common gray-scale voltages; and
a plurality of individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits, coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit, wherein each of the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits generates a plurality of individual gray-scale voltages, each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit corresponds to one of the colors, and the values of the individual gray-scale voltages generating from each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit is determined according to what color the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit corresponds to; and

a gamma correction circuit, coupled to the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit and the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits, wherein according to a color corresponding to the pixel signal, the gamma correction circuit generates the corresponding pixel voltage based on the common gray-scale voltages and the corresponding individual gray-scale voltages of the corresponding color.
20. An LCD according to claim 13, wherein the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit comprises a series of resistors with a plurality of connecting nodes wherein each of the common gray-scale voltages is generated through one of the connecting nodes.
21. An LCD according to claim 13, wherein each of the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits has a plurality of input nodes with each of the input nodes being coupled to a corresponding input voltage source which supplies a corresponding reference voltage to the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled thereto.
22. An LCD according to claim 21, wherein the value of the reference voltage is determined according to the color corresponding to the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit coupled to the corresponding input voltage source.
23. An LCD according to claim 21, wherein the input nodes of each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit are disposed therein according to the color corresponding to the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit.
24. An LCD according to claim 21, wherein each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit has a plurality of output nodes for generating the individual gray-scale voltages according to the reference voltages.
25. An LCD according to claim 24, wherein each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit is a series of resistors with a plurality of connecting nodes.
26. An LCD according to claim 19, wherein the colors include red, green, and blue.
27. An LCD according to claim 26, wherein the individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits are:
a red gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of red gray-scale voltages;
a green gray-scale voltage generating circuit for generating a plurality of green gray-scale voltages; and
a blue gray-scale voltage generating circuits for generating a plurality of blue gray-scale voltages;
wherein the gamma correction circuit outputs the pixel voltage corresponding to the pixel signal according to:
the common gray-scale voltages and the red gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color red;
the gamma correction circuit outputs the pixel voltage corresponding to the pixel signal according to the common gray-scale voltages and the green gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color preen; and
the gamma correction circuit outputs the pixel voltage corresponding to the pixel signal according to the common gray-scale voltages and the blue gray-scale voltages when the pixel signal is used to display the color blue.
28. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the corresponding pixel voltage is substantially equal to one of the common gray-scale voltages and the corresponding individual gray-scale voltages.
29. A gamma correction apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit comprises a series of resistors with a plurality of nodes, each individual gray-scale voltage generating circuit comprises a series of resistors, one end of the series of resistors of the respective individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits are connected together, and the connected ends of the series of resistors of the respective individual gray-scale voltage generating circuits are further connected to one node of the series of resistors of the common gray-scale voltage generating circuit.