Author: claimsbot

1. A filter element comprising:
a flat dielectric substrate;
a ground electrode on a back main surface of the dielectric substrate;
resonant lines each having a shorting end located in an area of a border between a side surface and the back main surface of the dielectric substrate and extending from the side surface to a front main surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the ground electrode and the resonant lines constitute a plurality of strip-line resonators; and
an inputoutput terminal coupled to any of the plurality of strip-line resonators; wherein
in any of the plurality of strip-line resonators, a line width of substantially the entire portion of the resonant line on the front main surface is different from a line width of the resonant line of the strip-line resonator on the side surface; and
the line width of at least one of the resonant lines on the side surface is less than the line width of the resonator lines on the front surface, and the line width of at least another one of the resonator lines on the side surface is greater than the line width of the resonator lines on the on the front surface.
2. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein, among the plurality of strip-line resonators, a strip-line resonator coupled to the inputoutput terminal and a strip-line resonator adjacent thereto are comb-line coupled to each other, and at least another one of the strip-line resonators is interdigitally coupled to a strip-line resonator adjacent thereto.
3. The filter element according to claim 2, further comprising a comb-line coupling electrode that allows the comb-line coupled strip-line resonators to be in conductive contact with each other and that is adjacent to the shorting ends in the strip-line resonators.
4. The filter element according to claim 3, wherein the comb-line coupling electrode comprises an electrode on the front main surface of the dielectric substrate.
5. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein the center of the resonant line on the side surface in the width direction and the center of the resonant line on the front main surface in the width direction are not aligned with each other.
6. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein the electrode thickness of the resonant line on the side is larger than the electrode thickness of the resonant line on the front main surface.
7. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein the resonant line on the front main surface is composed of photosensitive conductive paste, and the resonant line on the side, the ground electrode, and the inputoutput terminal are composed of non-photosensitive conductive paste.
8. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein the line width of the at least one resonant line on the side surface having a line width less than the line width of the resonator lines on the front surface is in a range of about 0.5 times to less than about 1 times the line width of the resonant lines on the front main surface and the line width of at least another resonant line on the side surface having a line width greater than the line width of the resonator lines on the front surface is in a range of greater than about 1 times to about 1.1 times the line width of the resonant lines on the front main surface.
9. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein the front main surface of the dielectric substrate is overlaid with an insulating layer, and further comprising an insulating-layer side electrode disposed on a side of the insulating layer and extending from the resonant line on the side.
10. A method for manufacturing a filter element, the method comprising:
a dividing step of dividing a flat dielectric base substrate into a plurality of filter element bases, the dielectric base substrate including a front main surface on which resonant-line main-surface portions are formed and a back main surface on which a ground electrode is formed; and
a resonant-line forming step of forming resonant-line side portions on a side of each of the filter element bases produced in the dividing step from the resonant-line main-surface portions to the ground electrode using conductive paste through printing, drying, and firing such that substantially the entire resonant-line main-surface portions have a line width different from a line width of the resonant-line side portions and such that the resonant-line main-surface portions and the resonant-line side portions constitute resonant lines having a shorting end in an area of a border between a side of the filter element base and the back main surface; wherein
the line width of at least one of the resonant-line side portions is less than the line width of the resonant-line main-surface portions, and the line width of at least another one of the resonant-line side portions is greater than the line width of the resonant-line main-surface portions.
11. The method for manufacturing a filter element according to claim 10, wherein the resonant-line forming step is a step of forming the resonant-line side portions on a filter element base extracted from the plurality of filter element bases produced in the dividing step, optimizing the shape of the resonant-line side portions, and then forming the resonant-line side portions having the optimized shape on all the plurality of filter element bases.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A coding apparatus using a band extension, the coding apparatus comprising:
a bandwidth extender for extracting auxiliary information relating to a characteristic of a high band signal using the high band signal and a low band signal; and
an encoder for encoding a residual high band signal obtained by subtracting auxiliary information acquired from the low band signal from auxiliary information acquired from the high band signal.
2. The coding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bandwidth extender acquires the auxiliary information from the low band signal using past pre-coded high band auxiliary information and auxiliary information acquired from the low band signal.
3. The coding apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a filter factor calculator for, after the low band signal is encoded, determining filter factors to increase mutual information of the high band signal and the encoded low band signal;
a high band mutual information filter for processing to increase the mutual information of the high band signal using the determined filter factors; and
a low band mutual information filter for processing to increase the mutual information of the low band signal using the determined filter factors.
4. The coding apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
a high band estimator for estimating a high band signal using the low band signal of the increased mutual information and for processing to output a residual high band signal by subtracting the estimated high band signal and the high band signal of the increased mutual information; and
a quantizer for quantizing and outputting the residual high band signal.
5. The coding apparatus of claim 3, wherein the filter factors for increasing the mutual information reproduce an original signal Y from a converted signal Y2, establish the mutual information IX;Y2>IX;Y, and make a dynamic range of Y2 not be greater than at least a dynamic range of Y in a statistical sense, where X denotes the low band signal, Y denotes the high band signal, H denotes the high band mutual information filter, H\u22121 denotes a high band mutual information inverse filter, and Y2 denotes a high band signal converted by H .
6. The coding apparatus of claim 3, wherein the filter factors for increasing the mutual information are determined using a decoded high band signal and a decoded low band signal.
7. The coding apparatus of claim 3, wherein the mutual information of one of the high band signal and the low band signal is increased.
8. A coding method using a band extension, the coding method comprising:
extracting auxiliary information relating to a characteristic of a high band signal using the high band signal and a low band signal;
subtracting auxiliary information, acquired from the low band signal, from auxiliary information acquired from the high band signal; and
encoding the subtracted residual high band signal.
9. The coding method of claim 8, further comprising acquiring the auxiliary information from the low band signal using past pre-coded high band auxiliary information and auxiliary information acquired from the low band signal.
10. The coding method of claim 8, further comprising:
after the low band signal is encoded, determining filter factors to increase mutual information of the high band signal and the encoded low band signal; and
converting a signal using the increased mutual information of the high band signal and the low band signal using the determined filter factors.
11. The coding method of claim 10, further comprising:
estimating a high band signal using the low band signal of the increased mutual information;
outputting a residual high band signal from which the estimated high band signal and the high band signal of the increased mutual information are subtracted; and
transmitting the output residual high band signal.
12. The coding method of claim 10, wherein the filter factors for increasing the mutual information reproduce an original signal Y from a converted signal Y2, establish the mutual information IX;Y2>IX;Y, and make a dynamic range of Y2 not be greater than at least a dynamic range of Y in a statistical sense, where X denotes the low band signal, Y denotes the high band signal, H denotes the high band mutual information filter, H\u22121 denotes a high band mutual information inverse filter, and Y2 denotes a high band signal converted by H .
13. The coding method of claim 10, wherein the filter factors for increasing the mutual information are determined using a decoded high band signal and a decoded low band signal.
14. The coding method of claim 10, wherein the mutual information of one of the high band signal and the low band signal is increased.
15. A coding apparatus comprising:
a predictor for estimating a high band signal using a pre-decoded high band signal;
a bandwidth extender for receiving an encoded low band signal and for estimating a high band signal using the received encoded low band signal;
a low band encoder for encoding a received low band signal and for providing the encoded low band signal to the bandwidth extender; and
an encoder for providing an encoded high band signal.
16. The coding apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a first subtractor for generating a first residual high band signal by subtracting the estimated high band signal of the predictor from the pre-decoded high band signal.
17. The coding apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a second subtractor for generating a second residual high band signal by subtracting the estimated high band signal of the bandwidth extender from the first residual high band signal.
18. The coding apparatus of claim 17, wherein the encoder encodes the second residual high band signal.

1. A method of firmware update in a display device, the method comprising:
receiving a set of data in an image format through a video signal input channel of an input port of the display device;
converting the set of data from the image format to an instruction set format that is different from the image format; and
updating a first set of instructions that is used to operate the display device with the converted set of data in the instruction set format.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein converting the set of data from the image format to an instruction set format comprises:
receiving a user input indicative of a command to perform firmware update using the set of data; and
converting the set of data from the image format to an instruction set format, the set of data including a set of instructions executable by a control circuit of the display device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein converting the set of data from the image format to an instruction set format comprises:
recognizing a pattern in the set of data indicative of the converted set of data containing a second set of instructions for operating the display device; and
converting the set of data from the image format to the instruction set format.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein updating a first set of instructions that is used to operate the display device with the converted set of data in the instruction set format comprises replacing the first set of instructions that is used to operate the display device with the converted set of data in the instruction set format.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a set of data in an image format through a video signal input channel of an input port of the display device comprises receiving the set of data in the image format through one or more of a Red Video pin, a Green Video pin, a Blue Video pin, a Horizontal Sync pin, and a Vertical Sync pin of a Video Graphics Array (VGA) port of the display device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a set of data in an image format through a video signal input channel of an input port of the display device comprises receiving the set of data in the image format through one or more of a plurality of Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) Data pins of a Digital Visual Interface (DVI) port of the display device.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a set of data in an image format through a video signal input channel of an input port of the display device comprises receiving the set of data in the image format through one or more of a plurality of Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) Data pins of a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port of the display device.
8. A method of firmware update in an information output device, the method comprising:
receiving a set of data in a first format through a video signal input channel of an input port of the information output device;
converting the set of data from the first format to a second format that is different from the first format; and
updating a first set of instructions that is used to operate the information output device with the converted set of data in the second format.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein receiving a set of data in a first format through a video signal input channel of an input port of the information output device comprises receiving the set of data in an image format through one or more video signal pins of a Video Graphics Array (VGA) port, a Digital Visual Interface (DVI) port, or a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port of the information output device.
10. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
receiving a user input indicative of a command to perform firmware update using the set of data before converting the set of data from the first format to the second format and updating the first set of instructions that is used to operate the information output device with the converted set of data in the second format.
11. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
recognizing a pattern in the set of data indicative of the converted set of data containing a second set of instructions for operating the information output device before converting the set of data from the first format to the second format and updating the first set of instructions that is used to operate the information output device with the converted set of data in the second format.
12. A method of providing firmware for firmware update in a display device, comprising:
generating a first set of instructions in a first format that is machine-executable to operate the display device;
converting the first set of instructions from the first format to an image format; and
transferring the first set of instructions in the image format into the display device through a video signal input channel of an input port of the display device.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
converting the first set of instructions from the image format to a binary format that is different from the image format; and
updating a second set of instructions based on which the display device is operated with the converted first set of instructions in the binary format.
14. A control circuit in an information output device, comprising:
a memory configured to store a first set of instructions, in a first format that is machine executable, based on which the information output device is operated; and
firmware update logic configured to convert a set of data received through a video signal input channel of an input port of the information output device from a second format to the first format, the second format being different from the first format, the firmware update logic further configured to update the first set of instructions with the converted set of data in the first format.
15. The control circuit of claim 14, wherein the firmware update logic is configured to receive a user input indicative of firmware update using the set of data to convert the set of data from the second format to the first format and to update the first set of instructions with the converted set of data in the first format.
16. The control circuit of claim 14, wherein the firmware update logic is configured to recognize a pattern in the set of data indicative of the set of data containing a second set of instructions for operating the display device to convert the set of data from the second format to the first format and to update the first set of instructions with the converted set of data in the first format.
17. The control circuit of claim 14, wherein the information output device comprises a display device, and wherein the firmware update logic is configured to convert the set of data from an image format that is displayable by the display device to a binary format.
18. The control circuit of claim 14, wherein the set of data is received through one or more of a Red Video pin, a Green Video pin, a Blue Video pin, a Horizontal Sync pin, and a Vertical Sync pin of a Video Graphics Array (VGA) port of the display device.
19. The control circuit of claim 14, wherein the set of data is received through one or more of a plurality of Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) Data pins of a Digital Visual Interface (DVI) port of the display device.
20. The control circuit of claim 14, wherein the set of data is received through one or more of a plurality of Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) Data pins of a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port of the display device.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A Session Initiation Protocol Application Server for use within an IP Multimedia Subsystem, the Application Server comprising:
a receiving unit for receiving a Session Initiation Protocol message from a Serving Call Session Control Function, the Serving Call Session Control Function serving an IP Multimedia Subsystem user and the message containing within a message header an explicit identification of said user;
a processing unit for determining an action to be applied to said message and for including within a header of the message a role value defining a role of said user in respect of the action; and
a transmitter unit for returning the message including the role value to said Serving Call Session Control Function.
2. An Application Server according to claim 1, wherein said processing unit is configured to include said role value within a header field that contains said explicit identification of said user.
3. An Application Server according to claim 1, wherein the header containing an explicit identification of said user is a P-Served-User header.
4. An Application Server according to claim 1, said processing unit being configured to include a plurality of role values into a header of the message.
5. An Application Server according to claim 1, wherein an action determined by said processing unit is to be one of transferring and diverting a call to which said message relates.
6. An Application Server according to claim 5, wherein a role value included within a header of said message is a value defining that the served user is the transferor or divertor of the call.
7. An Application Server according to claim 6, wherein a further role value included within a header of said message is a value defining that the served user is to be treated as the originator or terminator of the call for the purpose of call case handling by the Serving Call Session Control Function.
8. An Application Server according to claim 1, wherein said processing unit is arranged to include said role value in the message header by replacing a pre-existing role value.
9. A Session Initiation Protocol Application Server for use within an IP Multimedia Subsystem, the Application Server comprising:
a receiving unit for receiving a Session Initiation Protocol message from a Serving Call Session Control Function, the Serving Call Session Control Function serving an IP
Multimedia Subsystem user and the message containing within a message header an explicit identification of said user and one or more role values specifying the role of the served user in respect of the message;
a processing unit for determining an action to be applied to said message and for applying the action to the message in dependence upon the specified role(s); and
a transmitter unit for returning the message to said Serving Call Session Control Function.
10. An Application Server according to claim 9, wherein an action that can be applied by said processing unit is a privacy setting.
11. An Application Server according to claim 10, said processing unit being arranged to determine from a role value contained within the message whether or not the served user is responsible for a call diversion and, if so, to apply privacy to only a history header of the message.
12. An Application Server according to claim 10, said processing unit being arranged to determine from a role value contained within the message whether or not the served user is responsible for a call transfer and, if so, to apply privacy to only a Referred-By header of the message.
13. A method of handling a Session Initiation Protocol message within an IP Multimedia Subsystem, the method comprising:
receiving the message at a Serving Call Session Control Function;
including in a message header an identity of the user served by the Serving Call Session Control Function and to which the message relates;
forwarding the message to a first Application Server;
receiving the message at said first Application Server, determining an action to be applied to the message, and including in a message header a role value defining the role of the served user in respect of the action;
forwarding the message back to the Serving Call Session Control Function;
forwarding the message to a second Application Server; and
receiving the message at the second Application Server, determining an action to be applied to the message, and applying that action in dependence upon the role value it contains.
14. A method according to claim 13 further comprising, upon receipt of the message at the Serving Call Session Control Function, including a role value for the served user into the message header.