Author: claimsbot

1. An industrial gas turbine engine comprising:
a first compressor to produce a first compressed air with a first pressure;
a combustor to receive the first compressed air from the first compressor to burn with a fuel to produce a hot gas stream;
a turbine rotatably connected to the first compressor to receive the hot gas stream from the combustor;
the turbine having a stator vane with a cooling circuit;
a second compressor to produce a second compressed air with a second pressure;
a first passage to pass the second compressed air from the second compressor to the cooling circuit of the stator vane;
a second passage to pass the second compressed air from the turbine stator vane to the combustor; and,
the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.
2. The industrial gas turbine engine of claim 1, and further comprising:
the second compressor includes an intercooler to lower a temperature of the second compressed air.
3. The industrial gas turbine engine of claim 1, and further comprising:
an inlet to the second compressor is connected to a lower stage of the first compressor; and,
an intercooler is located between the first compressor and the second compressor to lower a temperature of the second compressed air.
4. The industrial gas turbine engine of claim 1, and further comprising:
a heat recovery steam generator to receive exhaust from the turbine of the gas turbine engine and produce steam to drive a second turbine that drives an electric generator;
a condenser to convert exhaust steam from the second turbine into water; and,
the second compressor having an intercooler that uses the water from the condenser to lower a temperature of the second compressed air.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system for inspecting inner surfaces of cylindrical parts, comprising:
a plurality of cylindrical parts having different inner diameters, each of said cylindrical parts including an inner surface presenting said inner diameter and extending circumferentially around a center axis and longitudinally between opposite ends to present a bore,
a camera with a lens for acquiring images of said inner surface while said cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about said center axis;
said lens of said camera being disposed outwardly of said cylindrical part;
said lens remaining in a fixed position while acquiring said images of said inner surface and while said cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about said center axis and moves longitudinally along said center axis;
a light source disposed outwardly of said cylindrical part for directing light to said inner surface of said cylindrical part;
a mirror disposed in said bore of said cylindrical part at a predetermined and fixed position along said center axis while said cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about said center axis and moves longitudinally along said center axis and while said camera acquires said images of said inner surface;
said mirror including a mirror surface being disposed at an angle relative to said inner surface for reflecting the light from said light source to said inner surface and from said inner surface to said lens of said camera;
said mirror surface being disposed in a fixed position on said center axis relative to said inner surface of said cylindrical part while said cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about said center axis and moves longitudinally along said center axis;
said lens and said mirror surface remaining in a fixed position until said camera acquires images of the entire inner surface between said opposite ends of said cylindrical part, and
wherein said mirror is spaced from said camera by a first distance and spaced from said inner surface by a second distance, and a sum of said first distance and said second distance is fixed while said camera acquires images of said inner surfaces of each of said cylindrical parts.
2. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said camera includes a charge-coupled device for acquiring said images.
3. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said images is a line of pixels.
4. A system as set forth in claim 3 wherein each of said images are acquired at a predetermined circumferential location and a predetermined longitudinal position along said inner surface; and including an unwrapped display of said inner surface including each of said images arranged according to said predetermined circumferential locations and said predetermined longitudinal positions.
5. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said mirror surface faces generally toward said camera and is planar.
6. A system as set forth in claim 1 including an arm supporting said cylindrical part and moving said cylindrical part relative to said mirror and said camera while said camera acquires said images.
7. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said camera acquires images of said inner surface of each of said cylindrical parts.
8. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fixed mirror surface does not rotate around said center axis.
9. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said light source remains in a fixed position while said cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about said center axis and moves longitudinally along said center axis, and said light source remains in said fixed position until said camera acquires images of the entire inner surface between said opposite ends of said cylindrical part.
10. A method for inspecting an inner surface of cylindrical parts, comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of cylindrical parts having different inner diameters, each of the cylindrical parts including an inner surface presenting the inner diameter and extending circumferentially around a center axis and longitudinally between opposite ends;
disposing a mirror in the cylindrical part at a predetermined and fixed position along the center axis;
disposing a mirror surface of the mirror at an angle and in a fixed position on the center axis relative to the inner surface;
directing light to the inner surface of the cylindrical part;
reflecting the light between the mirror and the inner surface;
disposing a lens of a camera outwardly of the cylindrical part for acquiring images of the inner surface;
acquiring a plurality of images of the inner surface of the cylindrical part while the cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about the center axis;
maintaining the mirror surface and the lens in a fixed position while acquiring the images of the inner surface and while the cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about the center axis and moves longitudinally along the center axis until the camera acquires images of the entire inner surface between the opposite ends of the cylindrical part;
repeating said steps for each of the cylindrical parts having different inner diameters;
fixing a sum of the distance between the camera and the mirror and the distance between the mirror and the inner surface; and
maintaining the sum of the distances the same while the camera acquires images of the inner surfaces of each of the cylindrical parts having different inner diameters.
11. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein said acquiring a plurality of images includes for each image acquiring a line of single pixels.
12. A method as set forth in claim 11 including acquiring each of the images at a predetermined circumferential location along the circumference of the inner surface and a predetermined longitudinal position along the inner surface of the cylindrical part; arranging each of the images according to the predetermined circumferential locations and longitudinal positions; and generating an unwrapped display of the inner surface of the cylindrical part including the arranged images.
13. A method as set forth in claim 12 including automatically identifying defects on the inner surface of the cylindrical part using an image processing algorithm of the line images.
14. A method as set forth in claim 10 including rotating the cylindrical part 360 degrees about the center axis in a first predetermined longitudinal position along the center axis during said acquiring the images step.
15. A method as set forth in claim 14 including acquiring each of the images at a predetermined circumferential location around the circumference of the inner surface during said rotating step.
16. A method as set forth in claim 15 including moving the cylindrical part a predetermined distance longitudinally along the center axis to a second predetermined longitudinal position after said acquiring the images at the first predetermined longitudinal position.
17. A method as set forth in claim 16 including repeating said acquiring and said rotating and said moving steps until images are acquired for the entire inner surface of the cylindrical part.
18. A method as set forth in claim 10 including repeating said steps for each of the cylindrical parts.
19. A method as set forth in claim 10 including fixing the position of the camera relative to the mirror.
20. A method as set forth in claim 10 including cleaning the inner surface of the cylindrical part before said acquiring the images step.
21. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the fixed mirror surface does not rotate around the center axis.
22. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the camera remains in a fixed position while repeating said steps for each of the cylindrical parts.
23. A method as set forth in claim 10 including maintaining the light source in a fixed position while acquiring the images of the inner surface and while the cylindrical part rotates 360 degrees about the center axis and moves along the center axis until the camera acquires images of the entire inner surface between the opposite ends of the cylindrical part.

1. A method for determining degradation of a thermoplastic, the method comprising:
illuminating the thermoplastic, for a period of time, with light having a peak intensity centered at a wavelength from about 400 nm to about 500 nm and an irradiance from about 400 Wm2 to about 150,000 Wm2;
maintaining the average temperature of the thermoplastic at a temperature from about 23\xb0 C. to about 175\xb0 C. during the period of time; and
repeating the illuminating and maintaining steps for a plurality of successive periods of time.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring the temperatures of at least two samples of the thermoplastic and calculating an average temperature of the thermoplastic using the temperatures of the at least two samples of the thermoplastic.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising evaluating the degradation of the thermoplastic after each successive period of time.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising repeating the illuminating, maintaining and evaluating steps for a plurality of successive time periods for a plurality of different thermoplastic formulations; and comparing the degradation of the plurality of different thermoplastic formulations with one another.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein evaluating the degradation comprises visually inspecting the thermoplastic measuring a degree of discoloration of the thermoplastic, or both.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the average temperature of the thermoplastic is maintained at a temperature from about 90\xb0 C. to about 130\xb0 C.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein measuring the degree of discoloration of the thermoplastic comprises:
(1) illuminating the thermoplastic with white light, a portion of the white light being transmitted through the thermoplastic; and
generating a transmission spectrum from the portion of the white light transmitted through the thermoplastic; or
(2) illuminating the thermoplastic with white light, a portion of the white light being reflected from the thermoplastic; and
generating a reflectance spectrum of the portion of the white light reflected from the thermoplastic;
or (1) and (2).
8. The method of claim 5, further comprising comparing the degrees of discoloration measured after successive periods of time with one another.
9. A method for determining a discoloration rate of a polycarbonate, the method comprising:
illuminating the polycarbonate with light having a peak intensity centered at a wavelength from about 400 nm to about 500 nm and an irradiance from about 400 Wm2 to about 150,000 Wm2 for a first period of time; and
maintaining the average temperature of the polycarbonate at a temperature from about 23\xb0 C. to about 175\xb0 C. during the first period of time.
10. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring the temperatures of at least two samples of the polycarbonate and calculating an average temperature of the thermoplastic using the temperatures of the at least two samples of the polycarbonate.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising evaluating a degree of discoloration of the polycarbonate after the first period of time has elapsed.
12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
repeating said illuminating, maintaining and measuring steps for a plurality of different polycarbonate formulations; and
comparing the discoloration of said plurality of different polycarbonate formulations with one another.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein evaluating said degradation comprises visually inspecting the polycarbonate.
14. The method of claim 9, wherein evaluating the degradation comprises measuring a degree of discoloration of the polycarbonate.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein measuring the degree of discoloration of the polycarbonate comprises:
(1) illuminating the polycarbonate with white light, a portion of the white light being transmitted through the polycarbonate; and
generating a transmission spectrum from the portion of the white light transmitted through the polycarbonate; or
(2) illuminating the transparent polycarbonate with white light, a portion of the white light being reflected from the transparent polycarbonate; and
generating a reflectance spectrum of the portion of the white light reflected from the transparent polycarbonate;
or (1) and (2).
16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
repeating the illuminating and maintaining steps for a second period of time;
after the second period of time has elapsed, measuring a degree of discoloration of the transparent polycarbonate.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising comparing the degree of discoloration measured after the first period of time with the degree of discoloration after the second period of time.
18. A method for determining a discoloration rate of a transparent polycarbonate, the method comprising:
illuminating the transparent polycarbonate with light having a peak intensity centered at a wavelength from about 400 nm to about 500 nm and an irradiance from about 50,000 Wm2 to about 150,000 Wm2 for a period of time;
maintaining the average temperature of the transparent polycarbonate at a temperature from about 23\xb0 C. to about 175\xb0 C. during the first period of time;
repeating the illuminating and maintaining steps for a plurality of successive periods of time; and
after each the successive period of time, measuring a degree of discoloration of the transparent polycarbonate.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising measuring temperatures of at least two samples of the transparent polycarbonate; and calculating an average temperature of the transparent polycarbonate using the temperatures of the at least two samples of the transparent polycarbonate.
20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
repeating the illuminating, maintaining and measuring steps for a plurality of successive time periods for a plurality of different transparent polycarbonate formulations; and
comparing the discoloration of the plurality of different transparent polycarbonate formulations with one another.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An electrode active material comprising: a core layer capable of repeating lithium intercalationdeintercalation; an amorphous carbon layer; and a crystalline carbon layer, successively, wherein the core layer comprises at least two core particles.
2. The electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the core particles comprise a metal or metalloid capable of repeating lithium intercalationdeintercalation.
3. The electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the core particles comprise at least one metal or metalloid selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Sn, Sb, Bi, As, Ge and Pb, or an alloy thereof.
4. The electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the core particles have an average particle diameter of 0.01\u02dc50 \u03bcm.
5. The electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the crystalline carbon layer comprises sheet-like carbon layer units, and c-axis direction of the sheet-like carbon layer units is perpendicular to tangent direction of the electrode active material particle.
6. The electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the core layer, the amorphous carbon layer and the crystalline carbon layer are in a ratio of core layer:amorphous carbon layer:crystalline carbon layer of 70\u02dc30 parts by weight:0.1\u02dc50 parts by weight:29.9\u02dc70 parts by weight.
7. The electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the crystalline carbon layer has an interlayer spacing d002 of 0.3354\u02dc0.35 nm and a thickness of 1\u02dc10 microns.
8. The electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous carbon layer has an interlayer spacing d002 of 0.34 nm or more, and a thickness of 5 nm or more.
9. A secondary battery comprising an electrode active material,
wherein the electrode active material comprising: a core layer capable of repeating lithium intercalationdeintercalation; an amorphous carbon layer; and a crystalline carbon layer, successively, wherein the core layer comprises at least two core particles.
10. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the core particles comprise a metal or metalloid capable of repeating lithium intercalationdeintercalation.
11. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the core particles comprise at least one metal or metalloid selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Sn, Sb, Bi, As, Ge and Pb, or an alloy thereof.
12. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the crystalline carbon layer comprises sheet-like carbon layer units, and c-axis direction of the sheet-like carbon layer units is perpendicular to tangent direction of the electrode active material particle.
13. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the core layer, the amorphous carbon layer and the crystalline carbon layer are in a ratio of core layer:amorphous carbon layer:crystalline carbon layer of 70\u02dc30 parts by weight:0.1\u02dc50 parts by weight:29.9\u02dc70 parts by weight.
14. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the crystalline carbon layer has an interlayer spacing d002 of 0.3354\u02dc0.35 nm and a thickness of 1\u02dc10 microns.
15. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the amorphous carbon layer has an interlayer spacing d002 of 0.34 nm or more, and a thickness of 5 nm or more.
16. A method for preparing the electrode active material as defined in claim 1, the method comprising: a first step of mixing a metal or metalloid forming a core layer with crystalline carbon; and a second step of carrying out mechanical alloying of the mixture obtained from the first step in a Mechano Fusion system in the presence of balls.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the metal or metalloid and the crystalline carbon are mixed in the first step in a ratio of metal or metalloid:crystalline carbon of 70\u02dc30 parts by weight:30\u02dc70 parts by weight.
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the balls and the mixture of the first step are mixed in the second step in a ratio of balls:mixture of the first step of 50\u02dc98 parts by weight:50\u02dc2 parts by weight.
19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the balls used in the second step include stainless steel balls or zirconia balls.
20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the balls used in the second step have a diameter of 0.1\u02dc10 mm.