Author: claimsbot

1. A digital pre-distortion apparatus comprising:
a coefficient controller which sets a lookup table with a coefficient minimizing difference between an involution of sum of a first absolute output signal having the first number of delays and a second absolute output signal having the second number of delays for an absolute signal of a power amplifier output signal and an input signal of the power amplifier;
an adder which receives a first absolute input signal having the first number of delays and a second absolute input signal having the second number of delays for the absolute signal of a power amplifier input signal and outputs a sum of the first and second absolute input signals; and
a lookup table which connects to the adder and outputs a result value according to the coefficient set in correspondence to the sum of the first and second absolute input signals.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adder and the lookup table is connected in series.
3. A digital pre-distortion method comprising:
sampling output signal and input signal of a power amplifier;
setting a lookup table with a coefficient minimizing difference between an involution of sum of a first absolute output signal having the first number of delays and a second absolute output signal having the second number of delays for an absolute signal of a power amplifier output signal and an input signal of the power amplifier;
receiving a first absolute input signal having the first number of delays and a second absolute input signal having the second number of delays for the absolute signal of a power amplifier input signal and outputting a sum of the first and second absolute input signals; and
outputting a result value according to the coefficient set in correspondence to the sum of the first and second absolute input signals.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the adder and the lookup table is connected in series.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A reflective structure comprising:
a base, and;
a reflective means formed on said base, wherein said base comprises:
a supporting member provided with a first fundamental surface having portions differing in their height and a second fundamental surface having portions differing in their height;
a first undulating portion, formed on said supporting member, having a first recess or projection, and;
a second undulating portion, formed on said supporting member, having a second recess or projection associated with said first recess or projection, wherein said first and second fundamental surfaces are arranged in a first direction at a first fundamental surface pitch,
wherein said first and second undulating portions are arranged in said first direction at a first undulating portion pitch, and wherein a larger pitch of said first undulating portion pitch and said first fundamental surface pitch is a non-integral multiple of a smaller pitch of said first undulating portion pitch and said first fundamental surface pitch,
wherein said supporting member is provided with a third fundamental surface having portions differing in their height, wherein said base comprises a third undulating portion, formed on said supporting member, having a third recess or projection associated with said first recess or projection, wherein said first and third fundamental surfaces are arranged in a second direction at a second fundamental surface pitch. wherein said first and third undulating portions are arranged in said second direction at a second undulating portion pitch, and wherein a larger pitch of said second undulating portion pitch and said second fundamental surface pitch is a non-integral multiple of a smaller pitch of said second undulating portion pitch and said second fundamental surface pitch.
2. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first undulating portion is continuous with said second undulating portion.
3. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first fundamental surface pitch is equal to a first pixel pitch.
4. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein said reflective means comprises first and second reflectors, said first and second reflectors arranged in said first direction at said first pixel pitch.
5. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein said supporting member comprises: a first conductive line; a second conductive line; a first driving element for supplying said first reflector with data from said first conductive line, and; a second driving element for supplying said second reflector with data from said second conductive line, wherein said first and second conductive lines are arranged in said first direction at said first pixel pitch, and wherein said first and second driving elements are arranged in said first direction at said first pixel pitch.
6. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first undulating portion is continuous with said third undulating portion.
7. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second fundamental surface pitch is equal to a second pixel pitch.
8. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein said supporting member comprises: a third conductive line, a fourth conductive line, and; a third driving element controlled through said third conductive line, wherein said first driving element is controlled through said fourth conductive line, wherein said third and fourth conductive lines are arranged in said second direction at said second pixel pitch, and wherein said first and third driving elements are arranged in said second direction at said second pixel pitch.
9. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein said reflective means comprises a third reflector corresponding to said third driving element, said first and third reflectors arranged in said second direction at said second pixel pitch.
10. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second directions are row and column directions, respectively.
11. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reflective means comprises a reflective line extending in said first direction.
12. An image display device comprising said reflective structure described in claim 1.
13. A reflective structure comprising:
a base, and;
a reflective means formed on said base,
wherein said base comprises:
a supporting member provided with a first fundamental surface having portions differing in their height, a second fundamental surface having portions differing in their height, a third fundamental surface having portions differing in their height;
a first undulating portion formed on said supporting member,
a second undulating portion formed on said supporting member, and;
a third undulating portion formed on said supporting member,
wherein said first and second fundamental surfaces are arranged in a first fundamental surface direction at a first fundamental surface pitch of a plurality of fundamental surface pitch, said first fundamental surface pitch being the smallest of said plurality of fundamental surface pitches,
wherein said first and third fundamental surfaces are arranged in a second fundamental surface direction at a second fundamental surface pitch of said plurality of fundamental surface pitch, said second fundamental surface pitch being equal to said first fundamental surface pitch or being the smallest next to said first fundamental surface pitch,
wherein said first and second undulating portions are arranged in a first undulating portion direction at a first undulating portion pitch of a plurality of undulating portion pitch, said first undulating portion pitch being the smallest of said plurality of undulating portion pitch,
wherein said first and third undulating portions are arranged in a second undulating portion direction at a second undulating portion pitch of said plurality of undulating portion pitch, said second undulating portion pitch being equal to said first undulating portion pitch or the smallest next to said first undulating portion pitch,
and wherein at least one of said first and second undulating portion directions are different from said first and second fundamental surface directions.
14. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein said first to third undulating portion are continuous.
15. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein said first fundamental surface pitch is equal to a first pixel pitch.
16. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 15, wherein said reflective means comprises first and second reflectors, said first and second reflectors arranged in said first fundamental surface direction at said first pixel pitch.
17. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 16, wherein said supporting member comprises: a first conductive line; a second conductive line; a first driving element for supplying said first reflector with data from said first conductive line, and; a second driving element for supplying said second reflector with data from said second conductive line, wherein said first and second conductive lines are arranged in said first fundamental direction at said first pixel pitch, and wherein said first and second driving elements are arranged in said first fundamental direction at said first pixel pitch.
18. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 17, wherein said supporting member comprises: a third conductive line, a fourth conductive line, and; a third driving clement controlled through said third conductive line, wherein said first driving element is controlled through said fourth conductive line, wherein said third and fourth conductive lines are arranged in said second direction at said second pixel pitch, and wherein said first and third driving elements are arranged in said second direction at said second pixel pitch.
19. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 18, wherein said reflective means comprises, a third reflector corresponding to said third driving element, said first and third reflectors arranged in said second direction at said second pixel pitch.
20. A reflective structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein said reflective means comprises a reflective line extending in said first fundamental surface direction.

1. Actuating device for an electrical connection terminal, wherein
the electrical connection terminal comprises a contact frame, arranged in a housing made of insulating material, with a conductor terminal connection for an electrical conductor,
the actuating device comprises an actuating element in the form of a pusher which is integrally formed with the housing made of insulating material so that the pusher and the housing forms a single piece,
the conductor terminal connection is formed on the contact frame by at least one spring element, the free end of which forms a clamping edge which is directed toward the electrical conductor and to which a clamping force is applied, and
the conductor terminal connection can be opened by action of the pusher on the at least one spring element by a force being applied to the spring element by the pusher counter to the clamping force,
wherein the pusher consists of a pusher arm,
wherein the pusher arm
is connected with one of its ends to the housing made of insulating material, and wherein
the pusher arm extends along at least a partial section of two surfaces of the housing made of insulating material which are arranged at an angle to each other.
2. Actuating device according to claim 1, wherein the two surfaces which are arranged at an angle to each other are arranged at least almost perpendicularly to each other.
3. Actuating device according to claim 1, wherein the pusher arm has an actuating surface with a trough-like recess.
4. Actuating device according to claim 1, wherein the pusher arm can be deformed resiliently.
5. Actuating device according to claim 1, wherein the spring element takes the form of a leaf spring or a spring leg.
6. Actuating device according to claim 1, wherein the contact frame is configured as a channel and wherein the contact frame has on each side wall, in order to form a conductor terminal connection, in each case at least one leaf spring, in the form of a tongue stamped from a flat material, which is bent out of the plane of the flat material, in such a way that the free end of the leaf spring forms a clamping edge directed toward the electrical conductor.
7. Actuating device according to claim 6, wherein a lead-in sloping face directed toward the outside of the electrical connection terminal is in each case integrally formed on the leaf springs.
8. Actuating device according to claim 1, wherein an overload protection is provided for the at least one spring element andor the pusher.
9. Actuating device according to claim 8, wherein the deflection of the spring element in the form of a leaf spring can be limited by side walls andor partition walls of the housing made of insulating material.
10. Actuating device according to claim 8, wherein the deflection of the pusher arm can be limited by the pusher arm bearing against at least one spring element in the form of a leaf spring.
11. Actuating device for an electrical connection terminal, wherein
the electrical connection terminal comprises a contact frame, arranged in a housing made of insulating material, with a conductor terminal connection for an electrical conductor,
the actuating device comprises an actuating element in the form of a pusher which is integrally formed with the housing made of insulating material so that the pusher and the housing forms a single piece,
the conductor terminal connection is formed on the contact frame by at least one spring element, the free end of which forms a clamping edge which is directed toward the electrical conductor and to which a clamping force is applied, and
the conductor terminal connection can be opened by action of the pusher on the at least one spring element by a force being applied to the spring element by the pusher counter to the clamping force,
wherein the pusher consists of a pusher arm,
wherein the pusher arm
is connected with one of its ends to the housing made of insulating material, and wherein
the pusher arm extends along at least a partial section of two surfaces of the housing made of insulating material which are arranged at an angle to each other, and

wherein the pusher arm has an actuating portion which is remote from the end connected to the housing made from insulating material and which has an essentially wedge-shaped pusher surface, wherein the wedge-shaped pusher surface can be pushed in between the leaf springs by the lead-in sloping faces flared out relative to each other in a funnel shape in order to open the terminal connection of the electrical conductor by the leaf springs being pushed apart.
12. Actuating device for an electrical connection terminal, wherein
the electrical connection terminal comprises a contact frame, arranged in a housing made of insulating material, with a conductor terminal connection for an electrical conductor,
the actuating device comprises an actuating element in the form of a pusher which is integrally formed with the housing made of insulating material so that the pusher and the housing forms a single piece,
the conductor terminal connection is formed on the contact frame by at least one spring element, the free end of which fauns a clamping edge which is directed toward the electrical conductor and to which a clamping force is applied, and
the conductor terminal connection can be opened by action of the pusher on the at least one spring element by a force being applied to the spring element by the pusher counter to the clamping force,
wherein the pusher consists of a pusher arm,
wherein the pusher arm
is connected with one of its ends to the housing made of insulating material, and wherein
the pusher arm extends along at least a partial section of two surfaces of the housing made of insulating material which are arranged at an angle to each other,

wherein the pusher arm is formed by a first pusher arm part which matches the course of a rear side of the housing, and a second pusher arm part which matches the course of an upper surface of the housing,
wherein the pusher arm is arranged inside a recess of the housing made from insulating material, and
wherein, in the mounted state of the housing made from an insulating material and the contact frame, the pusher arm is subject to pretensioning.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A conduit system, comprising:
at least one cable;
at least one microduct, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of the microduct substantially abuts at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable, wherein the at least one microduct is adapted to receive at least one other cable; and
a continuous sheath substantially enveloping the external surfaces of the at least one cable and the at least one microduct.
2. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the cable is selected from the group consisting of communications cable, power cable, and combinations thereof.
3. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the at least one microduct has a cross-sectional diameter in the range of about 5 to about 13 millimeters.
4. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of polyethylene.
5. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of high density polyethylene.
6. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the sheath is comprised of polyethylene.
7. The invention according to claim 1, further comprising a lubricous material applied to at least a portion of an external surface of the sheath.
8. The invention according to claim 1, wherein there are at least two microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of the at least two microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
9. The invention according to claim 8, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts substantially abuts the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
10. The invention according to claim 8, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts does not abut the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
11. The invention according to claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of plurality of microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
12. The invention according to claim 11, wherein the external surface of one of the plurality of microducts substantially abuts the external surface of at least one other of the plurality of microducts.
13. A conduit system, comprising:
at least one cable;
at least one microduct, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of the microduct substantially abuts at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable, wherein the at least one microduct is adapted to receive at least one other cable; and
an elongated member wound around at least a portion of the external surfaces of the at least one cable and the at least one microduct.
14. The invention according to claim 13, wherein the cable is selected from the group consisting of communications cable, power cable, and combinations thereof.
15. The invention according to claim 13, wherein the at least one microduct has a cross-sectional diameter in the range of about 5 to about 13 millimeters.
16. The invention according to claim 13, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of polyethylene.
17. The invention according to claim 13, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of high density polyethylene.
18. The invention according to claim 13, wherein the member is comprised of polyethylene.
19. The invention according to claim 13, further comprising a lubricous material applied to at least a portion of an external surface of the member.
20. The invention according to claim 13, wherein there are at least two microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of the at least two microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
21. The invention according to claim 20, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts substantially abuts the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
22. The invention according to claim 20, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts does not abut the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
23. The invention according to claim 13, wherein there are a plurality of microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of plurality of microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
24. The invention according to claim 23, wherein the external surface of one of the plurality of microducts substantially abuts the external surface of at least one other of the plurality of microducts.
25. A method of forming a conduit system, comprising:
providing at least one cable;
providing at least one microduct, wherein the at least one microduct is adapted to receive at least one other cable;
providing a continuous sheath;
bringing at least a portion of an external surface of the microduct and at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable into abutting engagement; and
substantially enveloping the external surfaces of the at least one cable and the at least one microduct with the sheath.
26. The invention according to claim 25, wherein the cable is selected from the group consisting of communications cable, power cable, and combinations thereof.
27. The invention according to claim 25, wherein the at least one microduct has a cross-sectional diameter in the range of about 5 to about 13 millimeters.
28. The invention according to claim 25, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of polyethylene.
29. The invention according to claim 25, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of high density polyethylene.
30. The invention according to claim 25, wherein the sheath is comprised of polyethylene.
31. The invention according to claim 25, further comprising applying a lubricous material to at least a portion of an external surface of the sheath.
32. The invention according to claim 25, wherein there are at least two microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of the at least two microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
33. The invention according to claim 32, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts substantially abuts the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
34. The invention according to claim 32, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts does not abut the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
35. The invention according to claim 25, wherein there are a plurality of microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of plurality of microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
36. The invention according to claim 35, wherein the external surface of one of the plurality of microducts substantially abuts the external surface of at least one other of the plurality of microducts.
37. A method of forming a conduit system, comprising:
providing at least one cable;
providing at least one microduct, wherein the at least one microduct is adapted to receive at least one other cable;
providing an elongated member;
bringing at least a portion of an external surface of the microduct and at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable into abutting engagement; and winding the member around at least a portion of the external surfaces of the at least one cable and the at least one microduct.
38. The invention according to claim 37, wherein the cable is selected from the group consisting of communications cable, power cable, and combinations thereof.
39. The invention according to claim 37, wherein the at least one microduct has a cross-sectional diameter in the range of about 5 to about 13 millimeters.
40. The invention according to claim 37, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of polyethylene.
41. The invention according to claim 37, wherein the at least one microduct is comprised of high density polyethylene.
42. The invention according to claim 37, wherein the member is comprised of polyethylene.
43. The invention according to claim 37, further comprising applying a lubricous material to at least a portion of an external surface of the member.
44. The invention according to claim 37, wherein there are at least two microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of the at least two microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
45. The invention according to claim 44, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts substantially abuts the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
46. The invention according to claim 44, wherein the external surface of one of the at least two microducts does not abut the external surface of the other one of the at least two microducts.
47. The invention according to claim 37, wherein there are a plurality of microducts, wherein at least a portion of an external surface of plurality of microducts substantially abut at least a portion of an external surface of the at least one cable.
48. The invention according to claim 47, wherein the external surface of one of the plurality of microducts substantially abuts the external surface of at least one other of the plurality of microducts.