Author: claimsbot

1. A method of storage of an e-mail comprising:
one of receiving the e-mail at a portable electronic device and sending the e-mail from the portable electronic device;
marking the e-mail for saving at the portable electronic device, to avoid deletion of the e-mail from a memory of the portable electronic device during a memory management operation, for at least a period of time; and
responsive to marking the e-mail for saving, transmitting the e-mail by radio communication for receipt by a server and for storage of the e-mail in a backup database.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein marking the e-mail comprises receiving an input for marking the e-mail and, in response, changing an e-mail storage status.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein marking the e-mail for saving comprises providing an indicator on the e-mail, in response to receipt of the input, to thereby change the e-mail storage status.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein providing said indicator comprises changing a bit flag on the e-mail in response to receipt of the input to thereby change the e-mail storage status.
5. The method according to claim 1, comprising receiving the e-mail at the server and storing the e-mail in a backup database.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein storing the e-mail in the backup database comprises storing the e-mail in a table.
7. The method according to claim 1, comprising synchronizing the backup database with the portable electronic device after a memory loss at said portable electronic device.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein synchronizing the backup database with the portable electronic device comprises restoring the e-mail to the portable electronic device after loss of the e-mail at the portable electronic device.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein synchronizing the backup database with the portable electronic device comprises comparing a size of the e-mail from the portable electronic device with a size of the e-mail the backup database and, if the e-mail at the backup database is determined to be smaller in size than the e-mail at the portable electronic device, transmitting the e-mail from the portable electronic device for storage in the backup database.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein synchronizing the backup database with the portable electronic device comprises comparing a size of the e-mail from the portable electronic device with a size of the e-mail at the backup database and, if the e-mail at the backup database is determined to be larger in size than the e-mail at the portable electronic device, saving the e-mail from the backup database, at the portable electronic device.
11. The method according to claim 7, wherein synchronizing the backup database with the portable electronic device comprises determining whether or not the e-mail message exists in a list of messages at the portable electronic device and, if so, marking said e-mail message as saved.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein if said e-mail message does not exist in said list of messages, saving said message at said portable electronic device.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein if said e-mail message does not exist in said list of messages, saving said message in a collection of e-mail messages marked as saved for which a parent e-mail message has been deleted.
14. A portable electronic device comprising:
a receiver and transmitter for receiving or sending an e-mail;
a display for displaying the e-mail;
an input device for receiving an input for marking the e-mail for saving to avoid deletion of the e-mail from a memory of the portable electronic device during a memory management operation, for at least a period of time;
a memory for storage of the e-mail; and
a processor coupled to the receiver, the display, the input device and the memory and operable to cause the transmitter to transmit the e-mail by radio communication for receipt by a server and storage of the e-mail in a backup database, in response to the e-mail being marked for saving.
15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-readable code embodied therein for execution by a processor, the computer-readable code for:
one of receiving an e-mail at a portable electronic device and sending the e-mail from the portable electronic device;
marking the e-mail for saving at the portable electronic device, to avoid deletion of the e-mail from a memory of the portable electronic device during a memory management operation, for at least a period of time; and
responsive to marking the e-mail for saving, transmitting the e-mail by radio communication for receipt by a server and for storage of the e-mail in a backup database.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A radio communication apparatus comprising:
a plurality of directional antennas;
a delay profile estimation section configured to estimate a delay profile representing arrival times of a desired wave and delay waves and received powers for each of received signals from said antennas;
an arrival angle range estimation section configured to estimate an arrival angle range of said desired wave from the delay profiles of the received signals estimated by said delay profile estimation section;
a transmission antenna selection section configured to select at least one of the antennas which is to be used for transmission, on the basis of the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section; and
a transmission section configured to transmit transmission signals using said at least one antenna selected by said transmission antenna selection section.
2. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transmission weight vector generating section configured to generate transmission weight vectors so as to set a maximum gain direction of directivity at a time of transmission in the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section,
wherein said transmission antenna selection section selects a plurality of antennas included in the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section, and
said transmission section feeds to the antennas selected by the transmission antenna selection section transmission signals multiplied by the transmission weight vectors generated by the transmission weight vector generating section, thereby transmitting the transmission signals.
3. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
an arrival direction estimation section configured to estimate a direction of arrival of the desired wave from the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section,
wherein the transmission weight vector generating section generates the transmission weight vectors so as to set the maximum gain direction of the directivity at the time transmission in the arrival direction estimated by the arrival direction estimation section.
4. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises a section configured to detect the arrival direction by performing a scan using a predetermined scanning beam pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section, and finding a maximum value of a reception output level obtained by said scan.
5. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said arrival direction estimation section detects the arrival direction by performing a scan using a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section, and finding a minimum value of a reception output level obtained by said scan.
6. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises a section configured to detect the arrival direction by performing a scan using a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a scan using a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section, and finding a maximum value in difference between reception output levels obtained by said both scans.
7. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises:
a reception replica signal generating section configured to generate a replica of received signal on the basis of the delay profile estimated by the delay profile estimation section; and
a section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section for the replica of received signal generated by said replica of received signal generating section, and detect arrival directions of the desired wave and the delay wave thereof on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan.
8. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises:
a reception replica signal generating section configured to generate a replica of received signal on the basis of the delay profile estimated by the delay profile estimation section; and
a section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section for the replica of received signal generated by said replica of received signal generating section, and detect arrival directions of the desired wave and the delay wave thereof on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan, and
said apparatus further comprises:
a synthesis section configured to synthesize the replica of received signal of each of delay waves generated by said replica of received signal generating section;
a subtracter subtracting a synthesized replica signal synthesized by the synthesis section from the received signal from each of the antennas;
an interference wave arrival direction estimation section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern for an output from said subtracter, and to detect an arrival direction of an interference wave on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan; and
a transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves, configured to generate transmission weight vectors so as to direct a null of directivity for transmission to the arrival direction of the interference wave estimated by the interference wave arrival direction estimating section,
wherein said transmission section feeds to the antennas selected by the transmission antenna selection section transmission signals multiplied by the transmission weight vectors generated by the transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves, thereby transmitting the transmission signals.
9. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reception antenna selection section configured to select at least one of the antennas which is to be used for reception, on the basis of the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section; and
a section configured to obtain a reception output by subjecting to a predetermined signal processing using received signal from said at least one of the antennas selected by said reception antenna selection section.
10. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a reception replica signal generating section configured to generate a replica of received signal on the basis of the delay profile estimated by the delay profile estimation section;
a synthesis section configured to synthesize the replica of received signal of each of delay waves generated by said replica of received signal generating section;
a subtracter subtracting a synthesized replica signal synthesized by the synthesis section from the received signal from each of the antennas;
an interference wave arrival direction estimation section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern for an output from said subtracter, and to detect an arrival direction of an interference wave on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan; and
a transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves, configured to generate transmission weight vectors so as to direct a null of directivity for transmission to the arrival direction of the interference wave estimated by the interference wave arrival direction estimating section,
wherein said transmission section feeds to the antennas selected by the transmission antenna selection section transmission signals multiplied by the transmission weight vectors generated by the transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves, and transmits the transmission signals.
11. A radio communication apparatus comprising:
a plurality of omni-directional antennas;
a beam forming section configured to be connected to each of said antennas and to form a plurality of beams having different directions of radiation;
a plurality of delay profile estimation sections each configured to estimate a delay profile representing arrival times of a desired wave and delay waves and received powers for each of received signals by the beams formed by said beam forming section;
an arrival angle range estimation section configured to estimate an arrival angle range of said desired wave from the delay profile estimated by each of said delay profile estimation sections;
a transmission beam selection section configured to select at least one of the beams which is to be used for transmission, on the basis of the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section; and
a transmission section configured to transmit transmission signals using said at least one beam selected by said transmission beam selection section.
12. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a transmission weight vector generating section configured to generate transmission weight vectors so as to set a maximum gain direction of directivity in the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section,
wherein said transmission beam selection section selects a plurality of beams included in the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section, and
said transmission section transmits transmission signals by using the beams selected by the transmission beam selection section transmission signals multiplied by the transmission weight vectors generated by the transmission weight vector generating section.
13. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
an arrival direction estimation section configured to estimate a direction of arrival of the desired wave from the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section,
wherein the transmission weight vector generating section generates the transmission weight vectors so as to set the maximum gain direction of directivity in the arrival direction estimated by the arrival direction estimation section.
14. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises a section configured to detect the arrival direction by performing a scan using a predetermined scanning beam pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section, and finding a maximum value of a reception output level obtained by said scan.
15. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said arrival direction estimation section detects the arrival direction by performing a scan using a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section, and finding a minimum value of a reception output level obtained by said scan.
16. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises a section configured to detect the arrival direction by performing a scan using a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a scan using a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section, and finding a maximum value in difference between reception output levels obtained by said both scans.
17. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises:
a reception replica signal generating section configured to generate a replica of received signal on the basis of the delay profile estimated by the delay profile estimation section; and
a section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section for the replica of received signal generated by said replica of received signal generating section, and detecting arrival directions of the desired wave and the delay wave thereof on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan.
18. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said arrival direction estimation section comprises:
a reception replica signal generating section configured to generate a replica of received signal on the basis of the delay profile estimated by the delay profile estimation section; and
a section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern within the arrival angle range estimated by the arrival angle range estimation section for the replica of received signal generated by said replica of received signal generating section, and detecting arrival directions of the desired wave and the delay wave thereof on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan, and
said apparatus further comprises:
a synthesis section configured to synthesize the replica of received signal of each of delay waves generated by said replica of received signal generating section;
a subtracter subtracting a synthesized replica signal synthesized by the synthesis section from the received signal for each of the beams;
an interference wave arrival direction estimation section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern for an output from said subtracter, and to detect an arrival direction of an interference wave on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan; and
a transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves, configured to generate transmission weight vectors so as to direct a null of directivity for transmission to the arrival direction of the interference wave estimated by the interference wave arrival direction estimating section,
wherein said transmission section transmits transmission signals by using the beams selected by the transmission beam selection section transmission signals multiplied by the transmission weight vectors generated by the transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves.
19. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a reception beam selection section configured to select at least one of the beams which is to be used for reception, on the basis of the arrival angle range estimated by said arrival angle range estimation section; and
a section configured to obtain a reception output by subjecting to a predetermined signal processing a received signal by said at least one of the beams selected by said reception beam selection section.
20. A radio communication apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:
a reception replica signal generating section configured to generate a replica of received signal on the basis of the delay profile estimated by the delay profile estimation section;
a synthesis section configured to synthesize the replica of received signal of each of delay waves generated by said replica of received signal generating section;
a subtracter subtracting a synthesized replica signal synthesized by the synthesis section from the received signal for each of the beams;
an interference wave arrival direction estimation section configured to perform a scan using at least one of a predetermined scanning beam pattern and a predetermined scanning null pattern for an output from said subtracter, and to detect an arrival direction of an interference wave on the basis of a reception output level obtained by said scan; and
a transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves, configured to generate transmission weight vectors so as to direct a null of directivity for transmission to the arrival direction of the interference wave estimated by the interference wave arrival direction estimating section,
wherein said transmission section transmits transmissions signals by using the beams selected by the transmission beam selection section transmission signals multiplied by the transmission weight vectors generated by the transmission weight vector generating section for interference waves.

1. A micropump comprising,
a bottom substrate layer;
a top substrate layer;
a first chamber formed in the bottom substrate layer, and having a microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the first chamber;
a first ball disposed in the first chamber;
a second chamber formed in the bottom substrate layer, and having a microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the second chamber;
a second ball disposed in the second chamber;
and a microfluidic pumping passage formed between the top and bottom substrate layers and fluidically coupled between the first and second chambers;
wherein fluid enters from the bottom substrate to the first chamber through a microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the first chamber, said fluid enters the microfluidic pumping passage in the top substrate, flows back down to the bottom substrate, enters the microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the second chamber, and exits through the top substrate;
and wherein the first and second balls act as valves to promote one-way flow of fluid.
2. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the actuator comprises electromagnets or piezoelectric material.
3. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the actuator oscillates.
4. The micropump of claim 3 wherein the actuator oscillates at approximately 1 Hz.
5. The micropump of claim 1 and further comprising an actuator positioned adjacent the pumping passage for pumping fluid.
6. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the pumping passage is formed at least partially of a flexible material to facilitate a change in volume of the pumping passage.
7. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are heavier than the fluid, and have a larger diameter than the respective inputs, and a smaller diameter than the respective chambers.
8. The micropump of claim 3 wherein the balls are ball bearings.
9. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the chambers are formed in a sheet of Plexiglas, Lexan, or other rigid plastic.
10. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the micropump is self priming.
11. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls minimize backflow.
12. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are denser or lighter than the fluid.
13. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are aluminum or ruby.
14. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are either lighter or heavier than the fluid.
15. The micropump of claim 1 wherein one of the fluid input or outputs of each chamber is chamfered to mate with the respective balls to provide a check valve.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. Cylinder head comprising a water jacket limited by a flame deck and an oil deck at a water cooled reciprocating engine with cylinders that are arranged in series, each of said cylinders comprises at least one intake valve with an intake duct and two exhaust valves, which exhausts open into an exhaust duct, with a receptacle for a fuel injector or a spark plug, that is located between the intake valve and the exhaust valves, characterized in that for conducting a coolant in the water jacket an arrangement of channels is provided at least in the region of an exhaust side of each cylinder, through which in an inflow the coolant supply is conducted from an exterior on one side of the exhaust duct inwards towards the receptacle and is conducted from an interior in a reflux to the exterior on the other side of the exhaust duct and in that an overflow channel is provided, conducting a return flow path, as viewed with respect to the direction of flow, to a channel arrangement which forms a supply flow path of a channel arrangement of the consecutive cylinder head region.
2. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a space between the exhausts of the exhaust valves and the receptacle forms a reversion region for the flow.
3. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a supply-sided part of the channel arrangement each runs below the exhaust duct and in that the return-sided part of the channel arrangement each runs above the exhaust duct.
4. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a separation is provided between intermediate regions related to adjacent cylinders in order to conduct the cooling water.
5. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the water jacket that is limited by the flame deck and the oil deck is separated by an intermediate deck into an upper part of the water jacket and a lower part of the water jacket.
6. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that one part of parts of the water jacket, preferably a lower part, is connected on a supply side to an overflow channel and in that an other part of the water jacket is connected on a drain side to a part of the water jacket of an adjacent cylinder region via the overflow channel, respectively.
7. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that an intermediate deck comprises at least one flow passage opening connecting a lower part of the water jacket with an upper part of the water jacket forming a reversion region.
8. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow passage opening is located in the region of the intake duct in each case.
9. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that at separations facing each other at least one flow passage opening is arranged connecting a lower part of the water jacket with an upper part of the water jacket.
10. Cylinder head according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow passage openings are each arranged at opposing separations in the region of a longitudinal center axis.
11. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a supply-sided part of the channel arrangement comprises a main channel running between exhaust ducts of the exhaust valves and each a branch channel, which is lead around each exhaust ducts and which runs into the reversion region.
12. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake duct is enfolded by flow channels at least at a side that opposes the exhaust ducts.
13. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation comprises at least one overflow channel connecting the channel arrangements of adjacent cylinders.
14. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that flow channels each comprising the intake ducts of adjacent cylinders are interconnected via flow passages openings located in the separation.
15. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that flow passage openings of flow channels assigned to the intake duct are formed by at least one guiding element in the separation for a redirection of the cooling water into juxtaposed flow channels.