Author: claimsbot

1. Apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one computer readable storage medium including instructions which when executed by the processor configure the processor to:
receive indication of an interrogation of an electronic transaction card (e-card) by an interrogating device;
responsive to the indication, authorize the e-card to respond to the interrogation only responsive to a determination that an authorized point of sale (POS) device is proximate to a location.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor configure the processor to determine that an authorized POS device is proximate to the location at least in part by determining that an authorized POS device is within a threshold distance of the location.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the location is a location of the e-card.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a consumer electronics (CE) device configured to receive the indication of the interrogation from the e-card, and the location is a location of the CE device.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor configure the processor to determine that an authorized POS device is proximate to the location at least in part by accessing a stored map of authorized POS device locations and comparing a location of the CE device to locations on the map, and then determining a distance between a nearest POS device on the map and the location of the CE device.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor configure the processor to send a message to a server reporting a denial of a transaction implicated by the interrogation.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor configure the processor to present on a display a message reporting a denial of a transaction implicated by the interrogation.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a server configured to receive from a consumer electronics (CE) device the indication of the interrogation from the e-card.
9. Non-transitory computer readable storage medium (NTCRSM) including instructions executable by a processor to configure the processor to:
receive indication of an interrogation of an electronic transaction card (e-card) by an interrogating device;
responsive to the indication, present on a display an authorized point of sale (POS) terminal map and at least one selector element selectable to send a signal to the e-card to prevent or enable the e-card to respond to the interrogation.
10. The NTCRSM of claim 9, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor configure the processor to present on the display a message reporting a denial of a transaction implicated by the interrogation.
11. The NTCRSM of claim 9, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor configure the processor to present on the display selector element selectable to send a signal to the e-card to prevent the e-card to respond to the interrogation.
12. The NTCRSM of claim 9, wherein the instructions when executed by the processor configure the processor to present on the display selector element selectable to send a signal to the e-card to enable the e-card to respond to the interrogation.
13-20. (canceled)
21. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, by a computer, indication of an interrogation of an electronic transaction card (e-card) by an interrogating device;
responsive to the indication, authorizing, using a computer, the e-card to respond to the interrogation only responsive to a determination that an authorized point of sale (POS) device is proximate to a location.
22. The method of claim 21, comprising determining that an authorized POS device is proximate to the location at least in part by determining that an authorized POS device is within a threshold distance of the location.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the location is a location of the e-card.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the method is implemented by a consumer electronics (CE) device configured to receive the indication of the interrogation from the e-card, and the location is a location of the CE device.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, comprising determining that an authorized POS device is proximate to the location at least in part by accessing a stored map of authorized POS device locations and comparing a location of the CE device to locations on the map, and then determining a distance between a nearest POS device on the map and the location of the CE device.
26. The method of claim 21, comprising sending a message to a server reporting a denial of a transaction implicated by the interrogation.
27. The method of claim 21, comprising presenting on a display a message reporting a denial of a transaction implicated by the interrogation.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein the apparatus is implemented by a server configured to receive from a consumer electronics (CE) device the indication of the interrogation from the e-card.
29. The method of claim 21, comprising presenting on a display an authorized point of sale (POS) terminal map and at least one selector element selectable to send a signal to the e-card to prevent or enable the e-card to respond to the interrogation.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A semiconductor device comprising:
one unit or a plurality of units of first defensive wiring provided above a diffusion isolation layer formed in a substrate or a well, the first defensive wiring being arranged at a minimum wiring pitch allowable in fabrication to cover the diffusion isolation layer;
a plurality of signal wiring layers formed above the first defensive wiring; and
means for applying a predetermined signal to the first defensive wiring and capturing a change in an electrical or physical property of the first defensive wiring.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
means for erasing secret information inside the semiconductor device or shifting the mode of the semiconductor device to a fixed mode if a change in an electrical or physical property of the first defensive wiring is captured.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal wiring layers comprises:
a first signal wiring layer from which first signal wiring requiring secrecy is formed; and
a second signal wiring layer placed above the first signal wiring layer, from which second signal wiring requiring no secrecy is formed,
wherein the second signal wiring is arranged to cover the first signal wiring.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first defensive wiring is formed from a polysilicon layer used for formation of gates of transistor elements formed in the substrate or the well.
5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
one unit or a plurality of units of second defensive wiring provided above the plurality of signal wiring layers, the second defensive wiring being arranged at a minimum wiring pitch allowable in fabrication to cover the entire semiconductor device; and
means for applying a predetermined signal to the second defensive wiring and capturing a change in an electrical or physical property of the second defensive wiring.
6. The device of claim 5, further comprising:
means for erasing secret information inside the semiconductor device or shifting the mode of the semiconductor device to a fixed mode if a change in an electrical or physical property of at least one of the first defensive wiring and the second defensive wiring is captured.
7. The device of claim 5, wherein a start point and an end point are placed in a layer from which the first defensive wiring is formed, and a wiring route connecting the start point and the end point is formed by combining the first defensive wiring and the second defensive wiring.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the wiring route of the second defensive wiring recognizable by layout observation from the front of the semiconductor device is transposed using the first defensive wiring andor the plurality of signal wiring layers.
9. A semiconductor device comprising a barrier diffused layer formed in a substrate or a well so that the gap between a diffused layer constituting an element and the barrier diffused layer is a minimum gap allowable in fabrication, the barrier diffused layer being of a conductivity opposite to that of the substrate or the well, a potential reverse-biased to that of the substrate or the well being applied to the barrier diffused layer.
10. The device of claim 9, further comprising:
one unit or a plurality of units of defensive wiring provided above a signal wiring layer to be protected, the defensive wiring being arranged at a minimum wiring pitch allowable in fabrication to cover the entire semiconductor device; and
means for applying a predetermined signal to the defensive wiring and capturing a change in an electrical or physical property of the defensive wiring.
11. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
means for erasing secret information inside the semiconductor device or shifting the mode of the semiconductor device to a fixed mode if a change in an electrical or physical property of the defensive wiring is captured.
12. The device of claim 9, further comprising:
one unit or a plurality of units of first defensive wiring provided above a diffusion isolation layer formed between the diffused layer constituting an element and the barrier diffused layer, the first defensive wiring being arranged at a minimum wiring pitch allowable in fabrication to cover the diffusion isolation layer;
a plurality of signal wiring layers formed above the first defensive wiring; and
means for applying a predetermined signal to the first defensive wiring and capturing a change in an electrical or physical property of the first defensive wiring.
13. The device of claim 12, further comprising:
means for erasing secret information inside the semiconductor device or shifting the mode of the semiconductor device to a fixed mode if a change in an electrical or physical property of the first defensive wiring is captured.
14. The device of claim 12, wherein the plurality of signal wiring layers includes:
a first signal wiring layer from which first signal wiring requiring secrecy is formed; and
a second signal wiring layer provided above the first signal wiring layer, from which second signal wiring requiring no secrecy is formed,
wherein the second signal wiring is arranged to cover the first signal wiring.
15. The device of claim 12, wherein the first defensive wiring is formed from a polysilicon layer used for formation of gates of transistor elements formed in the substrate or the well.
16. The device of claim 12, further comprising:
second defensive wiring provided above the plurality of signal wiring layers, the second defensive wiring being arranged at a minimum wiring pitch allowable in fabrication to cover the entire semiconductor device; and
means for applying a predetermined signal to the second defensive wiring and capturing a change in an electrical or physical property of the second defensive wiring.
17. The device of claim 16, further comprising:
means for erasing secret information inside the semiconductor device or shifting the mode of the semiconductor device to a fixed mode if a change in an electrical or physical property of at least one of the first defensive wiring and the second defensive wiring is captured.
18. The device of claim 16, wherein a start point and an end point are placed in a layer from which the first defensive wiring is formed, and a wiring route connecting the start point and the end point is formed by combining the first defensive wiring and the second defensive wiring.
19. The device of claim 18, wherein the wiring route of the second defensive wiring recognizable by layout observation from the front of the semiconductor device is transposed using the first defensive wiring andor the plurality of signal wiring layers.

1. A method comprising:
defining, by one or more network devices, a first region in a network,
the first region comprising a first link of the network, and
the first region being a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) based region;

defining, by the one or more network devices, a second region in the network, the second region comprising a second link of the network;
determining, by the one or more network devices, that the first link is in the MPLS based region;
defining, by the one or more network devices, a boundary between the first region and the second region based on the first region and the second region after determining that the first link is in the MPLS based region; and
creating, by the one or more network devices and after determining that the first link is in the MPLS based region, a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy,
the creating of the LSP hierarchy includes:
using, by the one or more network devices, the boundary to create a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) that includes the first link and one or more other links of the first region,
the FA-LSP causing the first link and the one or more other links to appear to be in the second region of the network.
2. The method of claim 1, where the FA-LSP is dynamically created based on the boundary.
3. The method of claim 1, where the first link is a traffic engineering (TE) link.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
nesting one or more resource reservation protocol (RSVP) LSPs into the FA-LSP.
5. A method, performed by one or more network devices in at least one multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network, comprising:
determining, by the one or more network devices, whether a link is in a first region of the at least one MPLS network or a second region of the at least one MPLS network,
the first region being associated with a first link color,
the second region being associated with a second link color, and
the second link color being different from the first link color;

defining, by the one or more network devices, a boundary between the first region and the second region based on the first link color and the second link color; and
creating, by the one or more network devices, a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy, in the at least one MPLS network, based on the defined boundary,
when the link is in the second region, creating the LSP hierarchy further comprises:
creating, by the one or more network devices, a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) that includes the link and that makes the link appear to be in the first region, and

when the link is in the first region, creating the LSP hierarchy further comprises:
creating, by the one or more network devices, a FA-LSP that includes the link and that makes the link appear to be in the second region.
6. The method of claim 5, where the FA-LSP is dynamically created.
7. A method comprising:
determining, by one or more network devices, that a link is in a first region, of at least one network, that is a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) based region;
defining, by the one or more network devices, a boundary between the first region and a second region, of the at least one network, after determining that the link is in the first region;
creating, by the one or more network devices and after determining that the link is in the first region, a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy by creating a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) in the first region based on the boundary; and
send an FA-LSP advertisement identifying the FA-LSP as a traffic engineering (TE) link to links in the second region,
the FA-LSP causing the TE link to appear to be in the second region.
8. The method of claim 7, where the FA-LSP advertisement is an interior gate protocol (IGP) advertisement without generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) extensions.
9. A system comprising:
one or more network devices to:
define a first region that includes a first link of a network,
the first region being a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) based region;

define a second region that includes a second link of the network;
determine that the first link is in the MPLS based region;
define a boundary between the first region and the second region; and
create a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy based on the boundary,
when creating the LSP hierarchy after determining that the first link is in the MPLS based region, the one or more processors are to:
create, based on the boundary, a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) in the first region,
\u2003the FA-LSP including the first link and one or more other links of the first region, and
\u2003the FA-LSP causing the first link and the one or more other links to appear to be in the second region.
10. The system of claim 9, where the first link is a traffic engineering (TE) link.
11. The system of claim 9, where the one or more network devices are further to:
nest one or more resource reservation protocol (RSVP) LSPs into the FA-LSP.
12. A system comprising:
one or more devices to:
define a first region of a network,
the first region being a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) based region;

define a second region of the network;
determine that a link is in the MPLS based region;
define a boundary between the first region and the second region after determining that the first link is in the MPLS based region; and
create, based on the boundary, a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy,
when creating the LSP hierarchy, the one or more devices are to:
create, based on the boundary, a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) in the first region after determining that the first link is in the MPLS based region,
\u2003the FA-LSP causing the first link and one or more other links, of the first region, to appear to be in the second region of the network.
13. The system of claim 12, where the first region and the second region are routing domain based regions.
14. A device comprising:
a memory; and
a processor to:
determine whether a link is in a first region or a second region of a network,
the second region being a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) based region;

define a boundary between the first region and the second region; and
create a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy based on the boundary,
when creating the LSP hierarchy and the link is in the second region, the processor is to:
create, based on the boundary, a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) that includes the link and causes the link to appear to be in the first region.
15. The device of claim 14, where, when the link is in the first region, the processor is further to:
determine that the link is not in the MPLS based region, and
create the FA-LSP in the second region or in a third region that is different from the first region.
16. The device of claim 14, where the processors is further to:
nest one or more resource reservation protocol (RSVP) LSPs into the FA-LSP.
17. A system comprising:
one or more devices to:
define a first region in a network based on a first link of the network,
the first region being a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) based region;

define a second region in the network based on a second link of the network;
determine that the first link is in the MPLS based region;
define a boundary between the first region and the second region based on the first region and the second region; and
create a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy based on the boundary,
when creating the LSP hierarchy after determining that the first link is in the MPLS based region, the one or more devices are to:
create, based on the boundary, a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) in the first region,
\u2003the FA-LSP causing the first link and one or more other links of the first region to appear to be in the second region of the network.
18. The system of claim 17, where the one or more devices are further to:
advertise the FA-LSP as a traffic engineering (TE) link to the second link and one or more other links of the second region.
19. A system comprising:
one or more devices to:
determine whether a link is in a first region of the at least one MPLS network or a second region of the at least one MPLS network,
the first region being associated with a first link color,
the second region being associated with a second link color, and
the second link color being different from the first link color;

define a boundary between the first region and the second region based on the first link color and the second link color; and
create a label switched path (LSP) hierarchy, in the at least one MPLS network, based on the defined boundary,
when the link is in the second region, the one or more devices are to:
create a forwarding adjacency label switched path (FA-LSP) that includes the link and that makes the link appear to be in the first region, and

when the link is in the first region, the one or more devices are to:
create a FA-LSP that includes the link and that makes the link appear to be in the second region.
20. The system of claim 19, where, when creating the FA-LSP that makes the link appear to be in the first region, the one or more devices are to:
cause the link to appear to be in the first link color to one or more network devices in the first region.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for managing connections in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:
establishing a radio link between a base station and a user equipment device (UE);
establishing a core network link between the base station and a core network entity, wherein the radio link and the core network link are configured to connect the UE to a core network;
initiating a timer, responsive to detecting that no data packets are exchanged between the UE and the base station;
resetting the timer in response to detecting that data packets are being exchanged between the UE and the base station;
releasing the radio link, responsive to the timer reaching a first predetermined value associated with a first inactivity period; and
releasing the core network link, responsive to the timer reaching a second predetermined value associated with a second inactivity period.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second inactivity period is longer than the first inactivity period.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the base station is an eNodeB and the core network entity is selected from the group consisting of a mobility management entity and a serving gateway.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold; and, responsive to the determination, releasing the core network link after the timer reaches the second predetermined value.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold includes determining that the radio link has been released and re-established three times within twenty seconds.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold; and, responsive to the determination, adjusting the second predetermined value associated with the second inactivity period.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein adjusting the second predetermined value includes adjusting the second predetermined value to be greater than the first predetermined value.
8. A base station comprising:
a communication interface through which the base station communicates with a user equipment device (UE) and a core network entity, wherein the base station is configured to radiate to define a wireless coverage area for serving the UE;
a processor;
data storage;
first logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to establish a radio link between the UE and the base station;
second logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to establish a core network link between the base station and the core network entity;
third logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to initiate a timer in response to detecting that no data packets are exchanged between the UE and the base station;
fourth logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to reset the timer in response to detecting that data packets are being exchanged between the UE and the base station;
fifth logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to release the radio link, responsive to the timer reaching a first predetermined value associated with a first inactivity period; and
sixth logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to release the core network link, responsive to the timer reaching a second predetermined value associated with a second inactivity period.
9. The base station of claim 8, wherein the second inactivity period is longer than the first inactivity period.
10. The base station of claim 8, wherein the base station is an eNodeB configured to operate under a Long Term Evolution air interface protocol.
11. The base station of claim 8, further comprising seventh logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to determine that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold, and wherein the sixth logic is executed in response to this determination.
12. The base station of claim 11, further wherein the seventh logic is executable to determine that the radio link has been released and re-established three times within twenty seconds.
13. The base station of claim 8, further comprising seventh logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to determine that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold; and eighth logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to adjust the second predetermined value associated with the second inactivity period.
14. The base station of claim 13, wherein the eighth logic is executable to adjust the second predetermined value to be greater than the first predetermined value.
15. A wireless communication network comprising:
a user equipment device (UE);
a base station; and
a core network entity,
wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station to establish a radio link between the UE and the base station,
wherein the base station is configured to communicate with the core network entity to establish a core network link between the base station and the core network entity,
wherein the base station is configured to initiate a timer in response to detecting that no data packets are being exchanged between the UE and the base station, and to reset the timer in response to detecting that data packets are being exchanged between the UE and the base station,
wherein the base station is configured to release the radio link in response to the timer reaching a first predetermined value associated with a first inactivity period, and
wherein the base station is configured to release the core network link in response to the timer reaching a second predetermined value associated with a second inactivity period, further wherein the second inactivity period is longer than the first inactivity period.
16. The wireless communication network of claim 15, wherein the base station is an eNodeB and the core network entity is selected from the group consisting of a mobility management entity and a serving gateway.
17. The wireless communication network of claim 15, further wherein the base station is configured to determine that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold, and wherein, responsive to this determination, the base station is configured to release the core network link after the timer reaches the second predetermined value.
18. The wireless communication network of claim 17, wherein determining that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold includes determining that the radio link has been released and re-established three times within twenty seconds.
19. The wireless communication network of claim 15, further wherein the base station is configured to determine that the radio link has been released and re-established with a frequency greater than a given threshold, and wherein, responsive to this determination, the base station is configured to adjust the second predetermined value associated with the second inactivity period.
20. The wireless communication network of claim 19, wherein adjusting the second predetermined value includes adjusting the second predetermined value to be greater than the first predetermined value.