Author: claimsbot

1. A method comprising:
introducing a drag reducing polymer, into a pipeline, such that such that the friction loss associated with the turbulent flow through the pipeline is reduced by suppressing the growth of turbulent eddies, into a liquid hydrocarbon having an asphaltene content of at least 3 weight percent and an API gravity of less than about 26\xb0 to thereby produce a treated liquid hydrocarbon wherein the viscosity of the treated liquid hydrocarbon is not less than the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon prior to treatment with the drag reducing polymer;
wherein the drag reducing polymer has a solubility parameter within 4 MPa12 of the solubility parameter of the liquid hydrocarbon and
the drag reducing polymer is added to the liquid hydrocarbon in the range from about 0.1 to about 500 ppmw.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solubility parameter of the drag reducing polymer is at least about 17 MPa12.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the drag reducing polymer comprises at least about 25,000 repeating units.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the drag reducing polymer has a weight average molecular weight of at least 1\xd7106 gmol.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the drag reducing polymer has a solubility parameter within 2.5 MPa12 of the liquid hydrocarbon.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the solubility parameter of the liquid hydrocarbon is determined by the following equation:
\u03b42=(\u0394Hv\u2212RT)V12

where \u0394Hv is the energy of vaporization, R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, V is the molar volume and \u03b42 is the solubility parameter.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the solubility parameter of the drag reducing polymer is determined by the following equation:
\u03b4=(\u03b4d2+\u03b4p2+\u03b4h2)12

where \u03b4 is the solubility parameter, \u03b4d=\u03a3FdiV, \u03b4h=(\u03a3FhiV)12, \u03b4p=(\u03a3F2pi)12V.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the repeating units comprise a heteroatom.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom andor a phosphorus atom.
10. A method comprising:
introducing a drag reducing polymer having a solubility parameter of at least about 17 MPa12, into a pipeline, such that such that the friction loss associated with the turbulent flow through the pipeline is reduced by suppressing the growth of turbulent eddies, into a liquid hydrocarbon having an asphaltene content of at least 3 weight percent and an API gravity of less than about 26\xb0 to thereby produce a treated liquid hydrocarbon wherein the viscosity of the treated liquid hydrocarbon is not less than the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon prior to treatment with the drag reducing polymer;
wherein the drag reducing polymer has a solubility parameter within 4 MPa12 of the solubility parameter of the liquid hydrocarbon and the drag reducing polymer comprises at least about 25,000 repeating units, and wherein a plurality of the repeating units comprise a heteroatom, wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom andor a phosphorus atom and wherein the drag reducing polymer has a weight average molecular weight of at least 1\xd7106 gmol and
the drag reducing polymer is added to the liquid hydrocarbon in the range from about 0.1 to about 500 ppmw.
11. A method comprising:
introducing a drag reducing polymer, into a pipeline, such that such that the friction loss associated with the turbulent flow through the pipeline is reduced by suppressing the growth of turbulent eddies, into a liquid hydrocarbon;
wherein the drag reducing polymer has a solubility parameter within 4 MPa12 of the solubility parameter of the liquid hydrocarbon having an asphaltene content of at least 3 weight percent and an API gravity of less than about 26\xb0 to thereby produce a treated liquid hydrocarbon wherein the viscosity of the treated liquid hydrocarbon is not less than the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon prior to treatment with the drag reducing polymer;
wherein the solubility parameter of the liquid hydrocarbon is determined by the following equation:
\u03b42=(\u0394Hv\u2212RT)V12
where \u0394Hv is the energy of vaporization, R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, V is the molar volume and \u03b42 is the solubility parameter; and
wherein the solubility parameter of the drag reducing polymer is determined by the following equation:
\u03b4=(\u03b4d2+\u03b4p2+\u03b4h2)12
where \u03b4 is the solubility parameter, \u03b4d=\u03a3FdiV, \u03b4h=(\u03a3FhiV)12, \u03b4p=(\u03a3F2pi)12V and
the drag reducing polymer is added to the liquid hydrocarbon in the range from about 0.1 to about 500 ppmw.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A Schottky diode structure comprising:
a region of semiconductor material having a first major surface and a first conductivity type;
a doped region of a second conductivity type opposite the first conductivity type formed in the region of semiconductor material and extending from the first major surface, wherein the doped region comprises a first portion having a first dopant concentration in proximity to the first major surface and a second portion having a second dopant concentration in proximity to the first major surface, and wherein the second dopant concentration of the second portion is less than the first dopant concentration of the first portion, and wherein the first portion forms a first pn junction with a first part of the region of semiconductor material, and wherein the second portion forms a second pn junction with a second part of the region of semiconductor material;
a first conductive contact electrically coupled to a third part of the region of semiconductor material; and
a second conductive contact contacting the second portion at the first major surface but not the first portion, and wherein the second conductive contact forms a first Schottky barrier with a fourth part of the region of semiconductor material and a second Schottky barrier with the second portion, and wherein the first portion extends into the region of semiconductor material at a first vertical distance, and wherein the second conductive contact is offset from the first portion a lateral distance in a range from about 50% to about 80% of the first vertical distance.
2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the lateral distance is about 75% of the first vertical distance.
3. The structure of claim 1, wherein the first and second conductive contacts are on opposite surfaces of the region of semiconductor material.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein the first and second conductive contacts are on the first major surface.
5. The structure of claim 1, wherein the first portion extends into the region of semiconductor material to define a first vertical boundary, and wherein the second portion extends into the region of semiconductor material to define a second vertical boundary.
6. The structure of claim 5, wherein the first vertical boundary extends into the region of semiconductor material to a greater extent than the second vertical boundary.
7. The structure of claim 1, wherein the region of semiconductor material comprises:
a semiconductor substrate; and
a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type formed in spaced relationship with the semiconductor substrate.
8. The structure of claim 7, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises the second conductivity type.
9. The structure of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are contiguous.
10. A semiconductor device having a multi-portioned doped region comprising:
a region of semiconductor material having a first major surface and a first conductivity type;
a passivation layer formed overlying a first part of the region of semiconductor material, wherein the passivation layer includes a contact window with a first edge;
the multi-portioned doped region formed in a second part the region of semiconductor material and extending from the first major surface, wherein the multi-portioned doped region comprises a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type, and wherein the multi-portioned doped region includes a first portion having a first dopant concentration in proximity to one portion of the first major surface and extending into the region of semiconductor material to a first vertical depth, a second portion having a second dopant concentration in proximity to a different portion of the first major surface and extending into the region of semiconductor material to a second vertical depth less than the first vertical depth, and a third portion laterally between the first and second portions, and wherein the third portion underlies the passivation layer a lateral distance from the first edge in a range from about 50% to about 80% of the first vertical depth, and wherein the second dopant concentration of the second portion is less than the first dopant concentration of the first portion, and wherein the first portion forms a first pn junction with the region of semiconductor material and the second portion forms a second pn junction with the region of semiconductor material; and
a conductive contact electrically coupled to a second part the region of semiconductor material, wherein the conductive contact further contacts at least a portion of the second portion at the major surface but not the first portion, and wherein the conductive contact forms a first Schottky barrier with the second part of the region of semiconductor material and a second Schottky barrier with the second portion.
11. The structure of claim 10, wherein the conductive contact is self-aligned to the second portion.
12. The structure of claim 10, wherein the first portion is contiguous with the third portion but not the second portion, and wherein the third portion is contiguous with the second portion.

1. A battery pack comprising:
a unit cell having a mounting surface on which a terminal portion is formed;
accessory parts for extracting electricity from the terminal portion of the unit cell to outside of the battery pack; and
an exterior member which covers the mounting surface of the unit cell and the accessory parts, wherein
the accessory parts include a frame for holding the exterior member, and
either one of an engaging hole and a protruding portion, which are to be engaged with each other, is formed on the mounting surface of the unit cell while the other of the engaging hole and the protruding portion is formed in the frame, so that the frame is fixed to the mounting surface at least in a direction along the mounting surface of the unit cell.
2. The battery pack as defined in claim 1, wherein the accessory parts include a protective circuit, and a strip-shaped electrical-connection use lead which is connected to the terminal portion of the unit cell by welding so that the terminal portion and the protective circuit are electrically connected to each other, and
an engagement portion to be engaged with the lead is formed in the frame.
3. The battery pack as defined in claim 2, wherein an opening through which the lead is set is formed in the frame, and with mutually opposed first inner peripheral surfaces of the opening of the frame serving as said engagement portion, widthwise both end faces of the strip-shaped lead are set into contact with the first inner peripheral surfaces, whereby the frame is engaged with the lead in a widthwise direction of the lead.
4. The battery pack as defined in claim 3, wherein second inner peripheral surface crossing with the first inner peripheral surfaces of the opening of the frame is used as further said engagement portion, and longitudinal end face of the strip-shaped lead is set into contact with the second inner peripheral surface, whereby the frame is engaged with the lead in the longitudinal direction of the lead.
5. The battery pack as defined in claim 4, wherein protruding portions inwardly protruded from the mutually opposed first inner peripheral surfaces of the opening of the frame are formed as further said engagement portion, and a unit cell-side surface of the strip-shaped lead is set into contact with the protruding portions, whereby the frame is engaged with the lead in a thicknesswise direction of the lead.
6. The battery pack as defined in claim 5, wherein at welding-connecting portions between the lead and the unit cell, the unit cell-side surface of the lead, formed so as to have a larger size in a widthwise direction of the strip-shaped lead than the terminal portion of the unit cell and protruded in the widthwise direction from the terminal portion, is engaged with the protruding portions.
7. The battery pack as defined in claim 5, wherein the unit cell has a flat quadrilateral shape whose depth is smaller in comparison to its longitudinal height and lateral length, and exterior members and accessory parts are mounted on the mounting surface which is given by a longitudinal end face of the unit cell, where the widthwise direction of the strip-shaped lead corresponds to a depthwise direction of the unit cell and the thicknesswise direction of the lead corresponds to a longitudinal direction of the unit cell.
8. The battery pack as defined in claim 7, wherein the terminal portion is provided at one of lateral both end portions of the mounting surface of the unit cell, and the engaging hole or the protruding portion is provided in the other one of the end portions.
9. The battery pack as defined in claim 1, wherein the protruding portion is press fitted into the engaging hole.
10. The battery pack as defined in claim 1, wherein the engaging hole and the protruding portion to be engaged with each other are provided in a plurality of sets.
11. A battery pack comprising:
a unit cell having a mounting surface on which a terminal portion is formed;
accessory parts for extracting electricity from the terminal portion of the unit cell to outside of the battery pack; and
an exterior member which covers the mounting surface of the unit cell and the accessory parts, wherein
either one of an engaging hole and a protruding portion, which are to be engaged with each other, is formed on the mounting surface of the unit cell while the other of the engaging hole and the protruding portion is formed in the exterior member, so that the exterior member is fixed to the mounting surface at least in a direction along the mounting surface of the unit cell.
12. The battery pack as defined in claim 11, wherein the accessory parts include a frame for holding the exterior member, a protective circuit, and a strip-shaped electrical-connection use lead which is connected to the terminal portion of the unit cell by welding so that the terminal portion and the protective circuit are electrically connected to each other, and
an engagement portion to be engaged with the lead is formed in the frame.
13. A battery pack manufacturing method comprising:
making an engaging hole and a protruding portion engaged with each other to fulfill positioning of a frame relative to a mounting surface of a unit cell in which at least one of the engaging hole and the protruding portion is formed, the frame having the other of the engaging hole and the protruding portion formed therein, as well as to fulfill positioning of a terminal portion formed in the mounting surface within an opening of the frame;
setting a strip-shaped electrical-connection use lead so that inner peripheral surfaces of the opening of the frame and widthwise end faces of the lead are put into contact with each other, whereby the lead is placed on the terminal portion exposed from the opening;
welding the lead and the terminal portion together so that at an engagement place between the frame and the lead, the frame is fixed at least in a widthwise direction of the strip-shaped lead; and
thereafter fitting an exterior member to the frame so as to cover the terminal portion, the lead and the frame so that the exterior member is fixed to the mounting surface at least in a direction along the mounting surface.
14. The battery pack manufacturing method as defined in claim 13, wherein the lead is placed on the terminal portion exposed from the opening so that the inner peripheral surfaces of the opening of the frame and widthwise and longitudinal end faces of the strip-shaped lead are put into contact with each other, respectively, and the lead and the terminal portion are welded together, whereby the frame is fixed in the widthwise and longitudinal directions of the strip-shaped lead.
15. The battery pack manufacturing method as defined in claim 14, wherein the lead is placed on the terminal portion exposed from the opening so that the inner peripheral surfaces of the opening of the frame and widthwise and longitudinal end faces of the strip-shaped lead are put into contact with each other, respectively, while the protruding portion inwardly protruded from the inner peripheral surfaces of the opening of the frame and the unit cell-side surface of the lead are further put into contact with each other, and then the lead and the terminal portion are welded together, whereby the frame is fixed in the widthwise, longitudinal and thicknesswise directions of the strip-shaped lead.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for well logging, comprising:
modifying an impedance of a well logging fluid to affect the propagation and reflection of acoustic signals used in logging; and
transmitting acoustic signals through said well logging fluid toward reflective features at and behind the wall of the bore hole.
2. A method for well logging, comprising:
modifying an impedance of a well logging fluid with respect to a cement bond; and
transmitting acoustic signals through said well logging fluid toward a casing.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said modifying the impedance of the well logging fluid is achieved by mixing a base fluid with an additive material having substantially different impedance compared with the impedance of said base fluid.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the base fluid is at least one selected from water, water-based mud, and oil-based mud.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the additive material is at least one selected from silica and cork.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the additive material is in the form of particles suspended in the base fluid.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the additive material particles have sizes in the range of 1 micron to 100 microns.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the additive material constitutes at least 1%, by weight, of said well logging fluid.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic signals are transmitted by an acoustic transmitter or a plural of transmitters, and received by a sensor or a plural of sensors.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the acoustic signals are pulses with a wavelength in the sonic or ultrasonic range.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic signals are directed at an angle or vertical to the fluidcasing interface.
12. A method for using a well logging fluid, comprising:
preparing the well logging fluid, comprising:
obtaining an additive material having a substantially different impedance compared with the impedance of a base material, in the form of particles having sizes substantially smaller than the wavelength of an acoustic signal; and
mixing a base fluid with the additive material;

pumping the well logging fluid into a well; and
transmitting and receiving acoustic signals through said well logging fluid.
13. A well logging fluid, comprising:
a base fluid; and
an additive material having substantially different impedance compared with the impedance of said base fluid.
14. The well logging fluid of claim 13, wherein the base fluid is at least one selected from water, water-based mud, and oil-based mud.
15. The well logging fluid of claim 13, wherein the additive material is at least one selected from silica and cork.
16. The well logging fluid of claim 13, wherein adding the additive material to the base fluid results in a substantially modified impedance of said well logging fluid.
17. The well logging fluid of claim 16, wherein the additive material constitutes at least 1%, by weight, of said well logging fluid.
18. The well logging fluid of claim 13, wherein the additive material is in the form of particles suspended in the base fluid.
19. The well logging fluid of claim 18, wherein the average particle sizes are significantly smaller than the wavelength of an acoustic signal.
20. The well logging fluid of claim 19, wherein the additive material particles have sizes in the range of 1 micron to 100 microns.