1. A transparent conductive laminate that is a laminate formed by laminating a polymer film, a cured resin layer-1 and a transparent conductive layer in this order, the cured resin layer-1 having concavoconvex shapes formed by phase separation of two components and containing no fine particles that impart concavoconvex shapes, and the cured resin layer-1 having an arithmetic average roughness (Ra), measured according to JIS B0601-1994, of 0.05 \u03bcm or more but less than 0.5 \u03bcm and a ten-point average roughness (Rz), measured according to JIS B0601-1982, of 0.5 \u03bcm or more but less than 2.0 \u03bcm.
2. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 1, wherein, of the two components forming the cured resin layer-1, a first component is an acryl copolymer containing an unsaturated double bond and a second component is a polyfunctional unsaturated double bond containing monomer.
3. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 2, wherein the first component has an SP value (SP1) and the second component has an SP value (SP2), the SP values satisfying SP1<SP2.
4. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 1, which has a cured resin layer-2 on the surface of the polymer film opposite to the surface where the transparent conductive layer is formed, the cured resin layer-2 having concavoconvex shapes formed by phase separation of two components and containing no fine particles that impart concavoconvex shapes, and the cured resin layer-2 having an arithmetic average roughness (Ra), measured according to JIS B0601-1994, of 0.05 \u03bcm or more but less than 0.5 \u03bcm and a ten-point average roughness (Rz), measured according to JIS B0601-1982, of 0.5 \u03bcm or more but less than 2 \u03bcm.
5. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 4, wherein, of the two components forming the cured resin layer-2, a first component is an unsaturated double bond acryl copolymer and a second component is a polyfunctional unsaturated double bond containing monomer.
6. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 5, wherein the first component has an SP value (SP1) and the second component has an SP value (SP2), the SP values satisfying SP1<SP2.
7. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 5, wherein the second component in the cured resin layer-2 is a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional unsaturated-double-bond-containing monomer having 3 to 6 mole equivalent amount of an alkylene oxide unit having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in its molecule.
8. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 7, wherein the cured resin layer-2 contains 2 to 40% by weight of the polyfunctional unsaturated-double-bond-containing monomer.
9. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 1, which has a haze, defined in JIS K 7136, of 2% or more but less than 20%.
10. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 1, which has a metal oxide layer having a thickness of 0.5 nm or more but less than 5 nm between the cured resin layer-1 and the transparent conductive layer.
11. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive layer has a thickness of 5 nm or more but 50 nm or less and is crystalline.
12. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 1, which has a cured resin layer-3 having a refractive index of 1.2 to 1.55 and a thickness of 0.05 \u03bcm or more but 0.5 or less between the cured resin layer-1 and the transparent conductive layer.
13. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 10, which has a cured resin layer-3 having a refractive index of 1.2 to 1.55 and a thickness of 0.05 \u03bcm or more but 0.5 \u03bcm or less between the cured resin layer-1 and the metal oxide layer.
14. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 1, which has an optical interference layer formed of a low-refractivity layer and a high-refractivity layer between the cured resin layer-1 and the transparent conductive layer, the low-refractivity layer being in contact with the transparent conductive layer.
15. The transparent conductive laminate of claim 10, which has an optical interference layer formed of a low-refractivity layer and a high-refractivity layer between the cured resin layer-1 and the metal oxide layer, the low-refractivity layer being in contact with the metal oxide layer.
16. A touch panel having the transparent conductive laminate recited in claim 1.
17. A touch panel having two transparent electrode substrates that have a transparent conductive layer on at least one surface each and that are arranged in a manner that the transparent conductive layers thereof face each other, wherein the transparent conductive laminate recited in claim 1 is used as at least one of the transparent electrode substrates.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A horizontal axis wind turbine, comprising:
a vertically extending tower
a rotatable long shaft within said tower;
a bottom end of said long shaft having means to drive an electric generator;
a top end of said long shaft connected to a power output gear means of a bearing tooth angle drive;
said power output gear means engaged with a power input gear in said bearing tooth angle drive; and
said power input gear being connected by drive shafts through a bearing tooth planetary gear drive to blades of a wind turbine for receiving power from said wind turbine and delivering torque to said long shaft for driving said generator;
wherein said bearing tooth angle drive and bearing tooth planetary gear drive are contained within a nacelle; wherein said planetary gear drive comprises:
an input shaft receiving drive power from said turbine blades and an output shaft for delivery of drive power to said bearing tooth angle drive;
a rotating ring gear;
planet gears connected through a carrier which do not rotate and are fixed;
a sun gear connected to said output shaft; and
each of said planet gears having arms each supporting a bearing tooth with a regular polygon periphery in which flat surfaces provide area contact with matching bearing teeth on said ring gear and said sun gear.
2. The wind turbine of claim 1 in which said bearing teeth have hexagonal peripheries.
3. The wind turbine of claim 1 in which an inner surface of said ring gear has spaced protuberances each supporting for rotation a bearing tooth with said polygon periphery.
4. A horizontal axis wind turbine, comprising:
a vertically extending tower
a rotatable long shaft within said tower;
a bottom end of said long shaft having means to drive an electric generator;
a top end of said long shaft connected to a power output gear means of a bearing tooth angle drive;
said power output gear means engaged with a power input gear in said bearing tooth angle drive; and
said power input gear being connected by drive shafts through a bearing tooth planetary gear drive to blades of a wind turbine for receiving power from said wind turbine and delivering torque to said long shaft for driving said generator;
wherein said bearing tooth angle drive and bearing tooth planetary gear drive are contained within a nacelle; wherein said bearing tooth angle drive comprises:
said power input gear having stationary square shaped bearings mounted on shafts extending from each side adjacent an outer periphery thereof, the square bearings on opposite sides being offset by half a pitch distance from each other;
said power output gear means comprising first and second co-planar gears at right angles to and on opposite sides of said power input gear, each of said first and second gears rotating on shafts parallel to each other and having on one side of each gear thereof facing said power input gear stationary square shaped bearings which move between and engage said square shaped bearings on opposite sides of said power input gear, the square bearings on said side surfaces of said input power gear adapted to also move along one side of said first and second gears, respectively and engaging the stationary square bearings on said first and second gears;
said shaft extending from said first gear being the output shaft of said bearing tooth angle drive;
said shaft extending from said second gear being an idler shaft; and
a spacer member extending from said output shaft to and supporting said idler shaft for said second gear.
5. The wind turbine of claim 4 in which opposite sides of said first and second gears have meshing rotatable polygon shaped bearings.
6. The wind turbine of claim 5 in which said meshing polygon shaped bearings are hexagon shaped and mounted along peripheries of said first and second gears.
7. The wind turbine of claim 5 in which said power input gear is vertical being driven by a horizontal input shaft connected to said turbine, and said first and second gears are in a horizontal plane with said output shaft being vertical and connected to said long shaft, said stationary gears on said first and second gears being on the upper surfaces thereof.
8. The wind turbine of claim 7 in which said stationary bearings on said power input gear make area contact with said stationary bearings on said first and second gears.
9. The wind turbine of claim 8 in which the rotatable gears on said first and second gears make area contact with each other as they mesh together.
10. The wind turbine of claim 9 in which both sides of said vertical input gear have bosses to prevent rotation of said stationary bearings mounted on the side surfaces of said input gear.
11. The wind turbine of claim 10 having bosses on the upper surfaces of said first and second gears to prevent rotation of said stationary gears thereon.
12. A planetary gear drive comprising:
an input shaft receiving drive power from an input source and an output shaft;
a rotating ring gear;
planet gears connected through a carrier which do not rotate and are fixed;
a sun gear connected to said output shaft; and,
each of said planet gears having arms each supporting a bearing tooth with a regular polygon periphery in which flat surfaces provide area contact with matching bearing teeth on said ring gear and said sun gear, each bearing tooth comprising a bearing thereby replacing sliding friction by rolling friction.
13. The planetary gear drive of claim 12 in which said bearing teeth have hexagonal peripheries.
14. The planetary gear drive of claim 12 in which an inner surface of said ring gear has spaced protuberances each supporting for rotation of each said bearing tooth with said polygon periphery.