Author: claimsbot

1. A subterranean tool configured to operate at elevated temperatures, in excess of about 115 degrees Celsius, downhole in a well traversing a formation, comprising:
a downhole telemetry cartridge configured or designed for downhole use at temperatures in excess of about 115 degrees Celsius; and
at least one downhole light source optically connected to the telemetry cartridge, wherein
the light source comprises one or more remotely pumped lasers, the downhole remotely pumped lasers being optically connected, via one or more optical fibers, to a surface pump laser.
2. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the downhole remotely pumped lasers comprise a waveguide laser.
3. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
a downhole optical sensor cartridge comprising an optical sensor.
4. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the optical fiber comprises one or more of a single-mode optical fiber and a multi-mode optical fiber, the optical fiber transmitting data to and from downhole electronics and a surface data acquisition system.
5. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the surface pump laser has a wavelength in the range of about 1480 nm.
6. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more remotely pumped lasers comprise a rare earth dopant having erbium (Er) ions.
7. A subterranean tool according to claim 6, wherein
the surface pump laser has a wavelength in the range of about 980 nm.
8. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more remotely pumped lasers have a modulated laser output in the range of about 1530-1580 nm.
9. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more remotely pumped lasers comprise neodymium ions, the surface pump laser has a wavelength in the range of about 880 nm, and the one or more remotely pumped lasers emit in the range of about 1055-1080 nm.
10. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the output of the remotely pumped lasers is modulated to encode for downhole data.
11. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the frequency, intensity, phase and state of polarization of the output of the remotely pumped lasers is modulated to encode for downhole data.
12. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more remotely pumped laser is coated with a sensing material that is responsive to change in a magnetic field based on measurements of downhole parameters.
13. A subterranean tool according to claim 12, wherein
the sensing material coating comprises a magno-strictive material.
14. A subterranean tool according to claim 1, wherein
the subterranean tool comprises a plurality of downhole shuttles.
15. A subterranean tool according to claim 14, wherein
the subterranean tool comprises a plurality of downhole remotely pumped lasers structured and arranged in the plurality of shuttles;
each downhole remotely pumped laser being configured or designed to emit at a wavelength that is different from the wavelength of other lasers of the plurality of lasers.
16. A subterranean tool according to claim 15, wherein
at least one optical fiber optically connects more than one remotely pumped lasers to corresponding pump lasers at the surface;
each surface pump laser being configured or designed to emit at a wavelength that is different from the wavelength of other surface pump lasers.
17. A downhole telemetry system, comprising:
a surface data acquisition unit comprising a surface telemetry unit;
a downhole optical telemetry cartridge comprising a downhole electro-optic unit;
at least one fiber optic interface between the surface data acquisition unit and the downhole optical telemetry cartridge;
a downhole tool; and
a downhole electrical tool bus operatively connected between the downhole electro-optic unit and the downhole tool, wherein
the downhole electro-optic unit comprises:
a remotely pumped laser optically connected, via an optical fiber, to a surface pump laser,

the downhole optical telemetry cartridge being configured or designed to operate downhole, within a borehole, at temperatures in excess of about 115 degrees Celsius.
18. A subterranean tool configured to operate at elevated temperatures, in excess of about 115 degrees Celsius, downhole in a well traversing a formation, comprising:
a downhole telemetry cartridge configured or designed for downhole use at temperatures in excess of about 115 degrees Celsius;
at least one downhole light source optically connected to the telemetry cartridge, wherein
the light source comprises one or more remotely pumped lasers, the downhole remotely pumped lasers being optically connected, via at least one optical fiber, to a surface pump laser; and

at least one sensor or transducer configured or designed for sensing parameters of the formation and changing a predetermined characteristic of the one or more remotely pumped lasers based on the sensed parameters.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An implantable device comprising:
a substrate at least a portion of which is electrically conductive;
a flexible assembly at least a portion of which is electrically conductive; and
at least one deposited platinum rivet that bonds the substrate and the flexible assembly.
2. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the platinum rivet is greater than one micron thick.
3. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the platinum rivet has a Vickers hardness greater than ten.
4. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein a biocompatible adhesive further bonds the substrate and the flexible assembly.
5. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the deposited rivet is formed by electrochemical deposition.
6. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the flexible assembly comprises polyimide.
7. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a biocompatible ceramic.
8. The implantable device according to claim 7, wherein the biocompatible ceramic comprises alumina.
9. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is rigid.
10. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is an electrically insulated integrated circuit.
11. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the flexible assembly is a thin film integrated circuit.
12. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the substrate forms an electronics control unit; and the electronics control unit encapsulates electronics.
13. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the platinum rivet does not contain lead.
14. The implantable device according to claim 1, wherein the platinum layer consists essentially of pure platinum.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of communicating information, comprising the step of delivering facsimile information from a facsimile generating device to a user supplied e-maa address in computer readable image data format which is capable of being viewed on a computer screen, wherein the step of delivering comprises the steps of:
entering the user e-mail address through a computing device;
delivering the facsimile information using facsimile protocol along a first communication network to a faxtoe-mail gateway;
converting at the gateway the facsimile information into a computer readable image data file capable of being displayed on a computer screen;
creating at the gateway an e-mail message including an addressed e-mail header to which is attached the computer readable image data file; and
delivering the e-mail message from the gateway though a global computer network to an electronic mailbox associated with the e-mail address.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
Sending the user e-mail address to a fax interface.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sending step is accomplished through infrared signals.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sending step is accomplished through radio signals.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
Sending variable size user data to a fax interface.
6. A communication system for communicating information found originally as an image on paper, said system comprising:
a first communication network;
a facsimile device for generating facsimile information in a first format from information found originally as an image on paper, said facsimile device communicating with said first communication network along a first communication line;
a computing device having means for transmitting and receiving information;
an interface sharing said first communication line with said facsimile device and in communication with said computing device,
said interface including means for receiving and communicating an alphanumeric address associated with an electronic mail address,
said interface including means for sending information to said computing device;
said interface including means for generating commands on the first communication line;

a computer network; and
a gateway server positioned between said first communication network and said computer network,
said gateway server being in communication with said first communication network and being in communication with said computer network and providing a communication link therebetween;
said gateway server selectively operating in a fax-to-data mode in which said gateway server receives facsimile information via said first communication network and communicates data representative of said facsimile information to a destination via said computer network;
said gateway server being responsive to commands received from said interface to initiate operation of said fax-to-data mode.
7. The communication system of claim 6, wherein said computing device further comprising:
an infrared signal transmitter, and
an infrared signal receiver.
8. The communication system of claim 6, wherein said computing device further comprising:
a radio signal transmitter; and
a radio signal receiver.
9. The communication system of claim 6, wherein
said means for receiving and communicating an alphanumeric address associated with an electronic mail address of said fax interface comprises an infrared signal receiver, and
said means for sending information of said fax interface comprises an infrared signal transmitter.
10. The communication system of claim 6, wherein
said means for receiving and communicating an alphanumeric address associated with an electronic mail address of said fax interface comprises a radio signal receiver, and
said means for sending information of said fax interface comprises a radio signal transmitter.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A composition comprising a three-dimensional transfection cell array comprising an array of spatially controllable immobilized gels, wherein said gels comprise a crosslinkable biopolymer solution comprising cells exposed to transfection molecules.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the gels are formed by adding a solution comprising transfection molecules and cells to an alginate solution, allowing beads to form, and placing the same within cell growth media.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said alginate solution comprises alginate and collagen.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein said composition further comprises polyethyleimine (PEI).
5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the alginate is present at a final concentration of about 1.5%.
6. The composition of claim 3, wherein the collagen is present at a final concentration of about 0.2%.
7. The composition of claim 4, wherein PEI is present in an amount such that the nitrogen to phosphate ratio is 25.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transfection molecules are nucleic acid sequences.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the nucleic acid sequences are located within expression vectors.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein said transfection molecules comprise a normalization plasmid and a functional plasmid, wherein the normalization plasmid, comprising a promoter region and a reporter molecule, allows cellular transfection efficiency to be normalized over said array.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the functional plasmid comprises a reporter molecule that is different from the reporter molecule of said normalization plasmid.
12. A method of transfecting cells comprising
a) providing:
i) a composition comprising a biopolymer comprising alginate and collagen,

ii) transfection molecules, and
ii) cells; and

b) mixing the composition comprising biopolymer, transfection molecules and cells, in the presence of PEI, under conditions such that beads form; and
c) placing said beads in cell growth media.
13. A method of generating an array, comprising:
a) forming holes in a first material to generate an array mold,
b) attaching said array mold to a solid substrate to form a complex comprising a plurality of wells;
c) depositing first nucleic acid vectors into said plurality of wells under conditions such that said first nucleic acid vectors are generally immobilized on said solid substrate, wherein said first nucleic acid vectors comprise nucleic acid, and wherein said nucleic acid comprises: 1) a reporter gene; and 2) a promoter region configured to bind transcription factors; and
d) removing said array mold from said solid substrate to generate an array on said solid substrate.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said first material comprises PDMS.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein said solid substrate comprises polystyrene.
16. The method of claim 13, prior to step d) depositing second nucleic acid vectors into said plurality of wells, wherein said second nucleic acid vectors comprise nucleic acid comprising: 1) a second reporter gene; and 2) a promoter region that allows transfection efficiency to be normalized over said array.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein said first nucleic acid vectors are immobilized on said solid substrate such that they can deliver said nucleic acid to a cell.