Author: claimsbot

1. Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising:
a housing;
stimulation means carried by the housing for electrically stimulating at least one nerve;
a pair of electrodes releasably mounted to the housing and connectable to the stimulation means for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve;
monitoring means for monitoring user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion;
analysis means for analyzing the output of the monitoring means for determining user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion; and
control means for controlling the output of the stimulation means in response to the determined user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the determined user gesture is used to control operation of the stimulation means.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the determined transient motion is used to determine whether the determined user gesture is intentional.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said monitoring of the user gesture and transient motion is accomplished using at least one accelerometer.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the accelerometer provides an acceleration signal associated with acceleration along at least one axis of three dimensional space.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the acceleration signal is high-pass filtered to remove the static earth gravity element in the acceleration signal.
7. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein monitoring the said electrode-skin contact integrity is accomplished with impedance measurement.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein impedance is determined by dividing the voltage difference across the electrodes by the stimulation current provided by the stimulating means.
9. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said analysis means analyzes the acceleration signal to recognize pulse events.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the acceleration signal is from one accelerometer axis.
11. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the acceleration signal is derived from acceleration data associated with acceleration along all three axes of three dimensional space.
12. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein a pulse event is characterized by a segment of the acceleration signal exceeding a pulse threshold for a duration no longer than a pulse duration threshold.
13. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein exceeding a pulse threshold occurs when the acceleration signal value is greater than a positive threshold value.
14. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein exceeding a pulse threshold occurs when the acceleration signal value is smaller than a negative threshold value.
15. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein exceeding a pulse threshold occurs when the acceleration signal value is greater than a positive threshold value or smaller than a negative threshold value.
16. Apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the positive threshold value and the negative threshold value have different magnitudes.
17. Apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the positive threshold value and the negative threshold value have the same magnitude.
18. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the magnitude of the said pulse threshold is 1 g where g is the standard earth gravity.
19. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the said pulse duration threshold is the same, for an acceleration signal value which is either greater than a positive threshold value or smaller than a negative threshold value.
20. Apparatus according to claim 19 wherein the pulse duration is 15 milliseconds.
21. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the said pulse duration threshold is different, for an acceleration signal value which is either greater than a positive threshold value or smaller than a negative threshold.
22. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said analysis means analyzes an acceleration signal to determine transient motion caused by user body movement.
23. Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the acceleration signal is associated with acceleration along one axis of three-dimensional space.
24. Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the acceleration signal is associated with acceleration along all three axes of three-dimensional space.
25. Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the said transient motion is a segment of the acceleration signal outside a non-transient motion region for no shorter than a transient motion duration.
26. Apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the non-transient motion region is a region of acceleration value ranging from \u22120.0625 g to 0.0625 g, where g is standard earth gravity.
27. Apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the transient motion duration is 15 milliseconds.
28. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said analysis means analyzes impedance history when determining the electrode-skin contact integrity.
29. Apparatus according to claim 28 wherein the electrode-skin contact integrity is determined to be lost when the most recent impedance value exceeds an impedance threshold.
30. Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the impedance threshold is 2000 ohms.
31. Apparatus according to claim 28 wherein the electrode-skin contact integrity is determined to be lost when the ratio between the most recent impedance value and the minimum of all available impedance values exceeds a ratio threshold.
32. Apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the ratio threshold is 1.8.
33. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the analysis means uses transient motion to quantify pulse events and electrode-skin contact integrity loss.
34. Apparatus according to claim 33 wherein the electrode-skin contact integrity is determined to be permanently lost if no transient motion is detected in a time window immediately prior to the detection of loss of electrode-skin contact integrity.
35. Apparatus according to claim 34 wherein the time window is 500 milliseconds in duration.
36. Apparatus according to claim 33 wherein the pulse event is determined to be from an intentional user gesture if no transient motion is in a time window prior to the pulse event.
37. Apparatus according to claim 36 wherein the time window is a period from 150 milliseconds before the pulse event to 50 milliseconds before the pulse event.
38. Apparatus according to claim 34 wherein said control means stop electrical stimulation if a permanent electrode-skin contact integrity loss is detected.
39. Apparatus according to claim 36 wherein said control means stops electrical stimulation if an intentional user gesture is detected when electrical stimulation is on-going.
40. Apparatus according to claim 36 wherein said control means starts electrical stimulation if an intentional user gesture is detected when no electrical stimulation is on-going.
41. A method for controlling transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation based on user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion, the method comprising the steps of:
applying a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device to the user’s body;
acquiring data from an accelerometer mounted to the stimulation device that measures user gesture and transient motion;
acquiring impedance data from the stimulation device that measures the electrode-skin contact integrity;
analyzing the accelerometer data to determine user gesture;
analyzing the impedance data to determine electrode-skin contact integrity; and
controlling the stimulation device based on the determined user gesture and electrode-skin contact integrity.
42. A method according to claim 41 wherein the impedance data is determined by the voltage difference across the electrodes of the stimulation device divided by the stimulation current of the stimulation device.
43. A method according to claim 42 wherein a collection of said impedance values is used to quantify a change in electrode-skin contact integrity.
44. A method according to claim 43 wherein the electrode-skin contact integrity is determined to be lost if the current impedance value is significantly different from a baseline impedance value.
45. A method according to claim 44 wherein the baseline impedance value is a fixed impedance value.
46. A method according to claim 44 wherein the baseline impedance value is the minimum of all impedance values in a time window.
47. A method according to claim 44 wherein the impedance value is considered to be significantly different when the ratio between the current impedance value and baseline impedance value exceeds a threshold.
48. A method according to claim 47 wherein the threshold is 1.8.
49. A method according to claim 41 wherein analysis of user gesture is based on acceleration data associated with acceleration from one or more axes of three-dimensional space.
50. A method according to claim 49 wherein the acceleration data is free from a static earth gravity component.
51. A method according to claim 41 wherein user gesture is determined to be present when a pulse event is detected in the acceleration data.
52. A method according to claim 51 wherein a pulse event is an acceleration signal segment with amplitude exceeding a non-pulse band for a period no longer than a pulse duration.
53. A method according to claim 52 wherein the non-pulse band contains zero gravity value.
54. A method according to claim 52 wherein the non-pulse band comprises a positive threshold value and a negative threshold value, and further wherein the positive threshold value and the negative threshold value are independently set.
55. A method according to claim 52 wherein the non-pulse band comprises a positive threshold value and a negative threshold value, and further wherein the pulse duration is a function of the positive threshold value and negative threshold value.
56. A method according to claim 55 wherein the function is a constant function of 15 milliseconds.
57. A method according to claim 55 wherein the function is an increasing function.
58. A method according to claim 55 wherein the function is a logarithm function.
59. A method according to claim 49 wherein a transient motion caused by the body movement of the user is determined to be present if the acceleration signal stays outside a non-transient motion region for a duration of at least a transient duration threshold.
60. A method according to claim 59 wherein the non-transient band is an acceleration value range that contains a zero-gravity value.
61. A method according to claim 59 wherein the non-transient band comprises a positive threshold value and a negative threshold value, and further wherein the positive threshold value and negative threshold value of the non-transient band are independently set.
62. A method according to claim 41 wherein the user gesture is determined to be intentional if a pulse event is not within a close temporal proximity of detected transient motion.
63. A method according to claim 41 wherein the electrode-skin contact integrity loss is determined to be non-transient if the integrity loss is not within close temporal proximity of detected transient motion.
64. A method according to claim 63 wherein the electrode-skin contact integrity loss is determined to be permanent if the number of occurrences of non-transient electrode-skin contact integrity loss exceeds a threshold.
65. A method according to claim 41 wherein the stimulation device is stopped when a permanent loss of the electrode-skin contact integrity is detected.
66. A method according to claim 41 wherein the stimulation device is stopped if an intentional user gesture is determined when stimulation is on-going.
67. A method according to claim 41 wherein the stimulation device is started if an intentional user gesture is determined when no stimulation is on-going.
68. Apparatus for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, said apparatus comprising:
a housing;
stimulation means within the housing for electrically stimulating at least one nerve;
monitoring means within the housing for measuring user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion; and
control means for controlling the electrical stimulation means when the monitoring means determines that the user gesture is intentional or the electrode-skin contact integrity degrades permanently.
69. A method for applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to a user, said method comprising:
applying stimulation means and an accelerometer to the user’s body;
delivering stimulation current to the user so as to stimulate at least one nerve;
analyzing the accelerometer data to identify a user gesture and analyzing data from the stimulation means to detect changes in electrode-skin contact integrity; and
modifying the stimulation means based on intentional user gesture and permanent degradation of electrode-skin contact integrity.
70. Apparatus for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to a user, said apparatus comprising:
an electrical stimulator;
a pair of electrodes connected to said electrical stimulator;
an accelerometer mounted to at least one of said electrical stimulator and said pair of electrodes;
an acceleration pulse detector connected to said accelerometer for detecting an acceleration pulse event associated with said accelerometer;
a transient motion detector connected to said accelerometer for detecting transient motion of the user; and
a controller connected to said acceleration pulse detector and said transient motion detector for controlling operation of said electrical stimulator based on the output of said acceleration pulse detector and the output of said transient motion detector.
71. Apparatus according to claim 70 wherein said acceleration pulse detector detects an acceleration pulse event associated with a user gesture, and further wherein said transient motion detector enables elimination of acceleration pulse events not associated with a user gesture.
72. Apparatus for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to a user, said apparatus comprising:
an electrical stimulator;
a pair of electrodes connected to said electrical stimulator;
an accelerometer mounted to at least one of said electrical stimulator and said pair of electrodes;
an electrode-skin contact detector for detecting the integrity of the contact between said pair of electrodes and the user;
a transient motion detector connected to said accelerometer for detecting transient motion of the user; and
a controller connected to said electrode-skin contact detector and said transient motion detector for controlling operation of said electrical stimulator based on the output of said electrode-skin contact detector and said transient motion detector.
73. Apparatus according to claim 72 wherein said electrode-skin contact detector detects electrode peeling, and further wherein said transient motion detector enables discrimination between permanent electrode peeling and momentary electrode peeling.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of testing wireless electronic devices using test equipment, comprising:
placing a wireless electronic device in a test chamber; and
with the test equipment, receiving a wireless message that was transmitted from the device that is in the test chamber that instructs the test equipment to perform wireless tests on the wireless electronic device.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless device in the test chamber is unconnected by wired cable to the test equipment, the method further comprising:
while the wireless device is unconnected by wired cable to the test equipment, transmitting a wireless control message from the test equipment that configures the wireless electronic device for a given test.
3. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless device in the test chamber is unconnected by wired cable to the test equipment, the method further comprising:
while the wireless device is unconnected by wired cable to the test equipment, transmitting a wireless control message from the test equipment that configures the wireless electronic device for a given test, wherein the wireless control message is compliant with cellular telephone communications protocols.
4. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless device in the test chamber is unconnected by wired cable to the test equipment, the method further comprising:
while the wireless device is unconnected by wired cable to the test equipment, transmitting a wireless control message from the test equipment that configures the wireless electronic device for a given test, wherein the wireless control message is a short message service (SMS) message.
5. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless electronic device comprises a cellular telephone, wherein the test equipment comprises a call box, and wherein receiving the wireless message comprises receiving the wireless message with the call box.
6. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless electronic device comprises a cellular telephone, wherein the test equipment comprises a call box, wherein receiving the wireless message comprises receiving the wireless message with the call box, and wherein the wireless message is compliant with cellular telephone communications protocols.
7. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless electronic device comprises a cellular telephone, wherein the test equipment comprises a call box, wherein receiving the wireless message comprises receiving the wireless message with the call box, and wherein the wireless message is a short message service (SMS) message.
8. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless electronic device comprises a cellular telephone and wherein placing the wireless electronic device in the test chamber comprises placing the cellular telephone in the test chamber.
9. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless tests are performed by the test equipment and produce test results and wherein the wireless electronic device comprises memory, the method further comprising:
storing the test results in the memory.
10. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless tests are performed by the test equipment and produce test results, the method further comprising:
wirelessly transmitting the test results to the wireless electronic device in the test chamber using the test equipment.
11. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless tests are performed by the test equipment and produce test results, the method further comprising:
wirelessly transmitting the test results from the test equipment to the wireless electronic device in the test chamber in a message that is compliant with cellular telephone communications protocols.
12. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the wireless tests are performed by the test equipment and produce test results, the method further comprising:
wirelessly transmitting the test results from the test equipment to the wireless electronic device in the test chamber in a short message service (SMS) message.
13. The method defined in claim 1 further comprising:
in response to receiving the wireless message that was transmitted from the device in the test chamber, testing the wireless electronic device with the test equipment, wherein testing the wireless electronic device with the test equipment comprises performing a test selected from the group consisting of: a bit error rate test, an adjacent channel power test, a frame error rate test, a transmit power test, and a receiver sensitivity test.
14. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the test equipment comprises a call box, the method further comprising:
in response to receiving the wireless message that was transmitted from the device in the test chamber, testing the wireless electronic device with the call box, wherein testing the wireless electronic device with the call box comprises performing a test selected from the group consisting of: a bit error rate test, an adjacent channel power test, a frame error rate test, a transmit power test, and a receiver sensitivity test.
15. A test system for testing a cellular telephone, comprising:
a test chamber in which the cellular telephone is placed for testing, wherein the test chamber has an associated antenna; and
cellular telephone test equipment that is configured to receive a short message service (SMS) message from the cellular telephone through the antenna in response to which the cellular telephone test equipment performs tests on the cellular telephone.
16. The test system defined in claim 15 wherein the cellular telephone test equipment comprises a call box that receives the SMS message, wherein the SMS message includes an identifier that identifies the cellular telephone that has been placed in the test chamber.
17. The test system defined in claim 16 wherein the call box is configured to transmit wireless SMS control messages to the cellular telephone during testing.
18. A method for testing a cellular telephone in a test chamber using test equipment that includes a call box and a test host, comprising:
while the cellular telephone is in the test chamber, communicating between the call box and the cellular telephone using a short message service (SMS) message.
19. The method defined in claim 18 further comprising:
transmitting at least one SMS test control message from the test equipment to the cellular telephone to place the cellular telephone in a sleep mode.
20. The method defined in claim 19 further comprising:
while the cellular telephone is in the sleep mode, performing wireless testing on the cellular telephone using the call box.
21. The method defined in claim 20 wherein test results are produced as a result of the wireless testing performed on the cellular telephone using the call box, the method further comprising:
transmitting the test results from the call box to the cellular telephone in a test results SMS message.
22. The method defined in claim 18 further comprising:
with the call box, performing wireless tests on the cellular telephone in response to the SMS message to produce test results.
23. The method defined in claim 22 further comprising:
transmitting the test results from the call box to the cellular telephone in a test results SMS message.
24. The method defined in claim 18 wherein the SMS message includes identity information that identifies the cellular telephone to the test equipment and wherein communicating between the call box and the cellular telephone comprises receiving the SMS message that includes the identity information that identifies the cellular telephone to the test equipment.
25. The method defined in claim 18 further comprising:
transmitting at least one SMS test control message from the test equipment to the cellular telephone to control the cellular telephone during testing by the call box.
26. The method defined in claim 18 wherein the SMS message includes information on a desired test type that specifies a type of test to be performed by the call box on the cellular telephone and wherein communicating between the call box and the cellular telephone comprises receiving the SMS message that includes the information on the desired test type with the call box and forwarding the received SMS message to the test host.

1. A catalytic converter degradation determining system comprising:
a temperature detecting section configured to detect a temperature of a catalytic converter that traps NOx in exhaust gas when a lean air-fuel mixture is used for combustion and that cleans and releases trapped NOx when a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture or a rich air-fuel mixture is used for combustion;
a pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency establishing section configured to establish a pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency of the catalytic converter corresponding to conditions under which the catalytic converter is new based on the temperature of the catalytic converter;
a pre-degradation trapped NOx estimating section configured to estimate a pre-degradation NOx trapping amount using the pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency;
a post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency establishing section configured to establish a post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency of the catalytic converter corresponding to conditions under which the catalytic converter is degraded based on the temperature of the catalytic converter;
a post-degradation trapped NOx estimating section configured to estimate a post-degradation NOx trapping amount using the post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency; and
a degradation determining section configured to determine that the catalytic converter is degraded when a difference between the pre-degradation NOx trapping amount and the post-degradation NOx trapping amount is below a prescribed value,
the pre-degradation trapped NOx estimating section being further configured to calculate a pre-degradation trapped NOx rate by multiplying the pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency by an exhaust gas NOx quantity in the exhaust gas, and to estimate the pre-degradation NOx trapping amount by summing individual values of the pre-degradation trapped NOx rate over a prescribed amount of time, and
the post-degradation trapped NOx estimating section being further configured to calculate a post-degradation trapped NOx rate by multiplying the post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency by the exhaust gas NOx quantity in the exhaust gas, and to estimate the post-degradation NOx trapping amount by summing individual values of the post-degradation trapped NOx rate over a prescribed amount of time.
2. The catalytic converter degradation determining system as recited in claim 1, wherein
the exhaust gas NOx quantity of NOx in the exhaust gas is based on an intake air quantity.
3. The catalytic converter degradation determining system as recited in claim 1, wherein
the degradation determining section is configured to be executed under conditions in which an amount of oxygen contained in exhaust gas flowing into the catalytic converter is above a prescribed amount.
4. The catalytic converter degradation determining system as recited in claim 1, wherein
the degradation determining section is configured to be executed under conditions in which the catalytic converter is free of sulfur contamination.
5. The catalytic converter degradation determining system as recited in claim 1, wherein
the degradation determining section is configured to be executed under conditions in which the temperature of the catalytic converter is equal to or higher than a prescribed temperature.
6. The catalytic converter degradation determining system as recited in claim 5, wherein
the degradation determining section is configured to set the prescribed temperature to an activation temperature at which a cleaning efficiency of the catalytic converter is at or above a prescribed value due to an engine warming up condition.
7. A catalytic converter degradation determining system comprising:
temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature of a catalytic converter that traps NOx in exhaust gas when a lean air-fuel mixture is used for combustion and that cleans and releases trapped NOx when a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture or a rich air-fuel mixture is used for combustion;
pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency establishing means for establishing a pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency of the catalytic converter corresponding to conditions under which the catalytic converter is new based on the temperature of the catalytic converter;
pre-degradation trapped NOx estimating means for estimating a pre-degradation NOx trapping amount using the pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency;
post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency establishing means for establishing a post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency of the catalytic converter corresponding to conditions under which the catalytic converter is degraded based on the temperature of the catalytic converter;
a post-degradation trapped NOx estimating means for estimating a post-degradation NOx trapping amount using the post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency; and
degradation determining means for determining that the catalytic converter is degraded when a difference between the pre-degradation NOx trapping amount and the post-degradation NOx trapping amount is below a prescribed value,
the pre-degradation trapped NOx estimating means further calculating a pre-degradation trapped NOx rate by multiplying the pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency by an exhaust gas NOx quantity in the exhaust gas, and estimating the pre-degradation NOx trapping amount by summing individual values of the pre-degradation trapped NOx rate over a prescribed amount of time, and
the post-degradation trapped NOx estimating means further calculating a post-degradation trapped NOx rate by multiplying the post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency by the exhaust gas NOx quantity in the exhaust gas, and estimating the post-degradation NOx trapping amount by summing individual values of the post-degradation trapped NOx rate over a prescribed amount of time.
8. A method of determining degradation of a catalytic converter comprising:
detecting a temperature of a catalytic converter that traps NOx in exhaust gas when a lean air-fuel mixture is used for combustion and that cleans and releases trapped NOx when a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture or a rich air-fuel mixture is used for combustion;
establishing a pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency of the catalytic converter corresponding to conditions under which the catalytic converter is new based on the temperature of the catalytic converter;
estimating a pre-degradation NOx trapping amount using the pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency;
establishing a post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency of the catalytic converter corresponding to conditions under which the catalytic converter is degraded based on the temperature of the catalytic converter;
estimating a post-degradation NOx trapping amount using the post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency; and
determining that the catalytic converter is degraded when a difference between the pre-degradation NOx trapping amount and the post-degradation NOx trapping amount is below a prescribed value,
the estimating the pre-degradation NOx trapping amount further including calculating a pre-degradation trapped NOx rate by multiplying the pre-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency by an exhaust gas NOx quantity in the exhaust gas, and estimating the pre-degradation NOx trapping amount by summing individual values of the pre-degradation trapped NOx rate over a prescribed amount of time, and
the estimating the post-degradation NOx trapping amount further including calculating a post-degradation trapped NOx rate by multiplying the post-degradation NOx adsorption efficiency by the exhaust gas NOx quantity in the exhaust gas, and estimating the post-degradation NOx trapping amount by summing individual values of the post-degradation trapped NOx rate over a prescribed amount of time.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A solid-state electrolyte for use in lithium-air batteries or lithium-water batteries, comprising an open-pore ceramic carrier substrate which has at least one layer which is conductive for lithium ions, which has an electrical conductivity of at least 10-5 Scm-1, which is gas-impervious and which is formed at least on the surface facing the cathode, and the carrier substrate has greater mechanical strength and a larger layer thickness than the at least one layer.
2. A solid-state electrolyte in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the carrier substrate has a porosity of at least 15% and a maximum of 60%; andor in that the pores have a pore size in the range of 1 \u03bcm-10 \u03bcm andor a thickness in the range from 20 \u03bcm-500 \u03bcm, with the at least one layer having a thickness between 10 \u03bcm and 50 \u03bcm.
3. A solid-state electrolyte in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the carrier substrate comprises a ceramic material which is selected from Al2O3, ZrO2, MgAl2O4, SiC and Si3N4.
4. A solid-state electrolyte in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the carrier substrate is at least twice as large as the thickness of the at least one layer.
5. A solid-state electrolyte in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the carrier substrate has at least two layers each having a different porosity or, starting from the anode-side surface, has a graduated porosity, which reduces in size in the direction of the ion-conductive layer.
6. A solid-state electrolyte in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the pores of the carrier substrate are infiltrated with a liquid electrolyte conductive for lithium ions.
7. A solid-state electrolyte in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the at least one surface of the carrier substrate is coated over the full surface with the at least one gas-impervious layer.
8. A solid-state electrolyte in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the material of the at least one layer is partly infiltrated into the carrier substrate and is gas-impervious.