Author: claimsbot

1. A coating composition comprising a binder consisting essentially of
a. polyisocyanate crosslinking agent;
b. an isocyanate-reactive component having at least one compound having the following formula:
wherein
X is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group,
wherein
n is, on average, 2-4,
wherein
Y can be independently O or N; if Y is equal to O, m equals 1 and if
Y is equal to N, m equals 2;
if Y is equal to O, R1 and R2 are the same or different organic groups that are inert to isocyanate groups,
if Y is equal to N, R1 and R2 are H, or the same or different organic groups that are inert to isocyanate groups with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is not H;
c. 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition, of a metal alkoxide compound.
2. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein the metal alkoxide has the following formula
M(R3)q \u2003\u2003(IV)

wherein M is equal to an element or a compound selected from a group consistent of Ti, Zr, Sn, Ce, Al, B, VO, In and Zn, and wherein R3 is a hydrolyzable substituent and wherein q is equal to an integer from 2 to 4.
3. The coating composition of claim 2 wherein the metal alkoxide is selected from the group of Ti(OC2H5)4, Ti(OC3H7)4, Ti(O-iso-C3H7)4, Ti(OC4H9)4, Ti(O-iso-C4H9)4, Ti(O-sec-C4H9)4, Ti(2-ethylhexoxy)4, Zr(OC2H5)4, Zr(OC3H7)4, Zr(O-iso-C3H7)4, Zr(OC4H9)4, Zr(2-ethylhexoxy)4, Al(OCH3)3, Al(OC2H5)3, Al(OC3H7)3, Al(O-iso-C3H7)3, Al(OC4H9)3, Al(O-iso-C4H9)3, Al(O-sec-C4H9)3, B(OCH3)3, B(OC2H5)3, B(OC3H7)3, B(O-iso-C3H7)3, B(OC4H9)3, Sn(OCH3)4, Sn(OC2H5)4, VO(OCH3)3, Al(OC2H5)3, Al(OC3H7)3, Al(O-iso-C3H7)3, Ce(OC4H9)4, Ce(O-iso-7C4H9)4, and Ce(2-ethylhexoxy)4.
4. The coating composition of claim 2 wherein the metal alkoxide has the formula (Ti)h(O)i(O R8)j wherein R8 is an organic radical having 1-20 carbon atoms, h is an integer of at least 2, i is an integer of at least 1 and j is an integer of at least 4.
5. The coating composition of claim 2 wherein n is 2, Y is N, m equals 2 and R1 and R2 are H or the same or different organic groups that are inert to a reaction with isocyanate groups provided that at least one of R1 and R2 are not H.
6. The coating composition of claim 2 wherein n is 2, Y is O, m equals 1 and R1 and R2 are the same or different organic groups that are inert to a reaction with isocyanate groups.
7. The coating composition of claim 1 containing an acrylic polymer component having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 and having reactive groups that crosslink with an isocyanate, where the reactive groups are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, glycidyl, amine and any mixtures thereof.
8. The coating composition of claim 1 containing an oligomeric component having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 3,000 having reactive groups that crosslink with an isocyanate, where the reactive groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, glycidyl, amine, aldimines, phosphoric acid, ketimine and any mixtures thereof.
9. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein the binder contains 1 to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an acrylic polymer having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 and having groups reactive with isocyanate.
10. The coating composition of claim 9 wherein the acrylic polymer consists essentially of polymerized monomers selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, cyclic or branched alkyl (meth)acrylates having 3 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, styrene, alpha methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, (meth)acrylonitrile, (meth)acryl amides, and mixtures thereof and polymerized monomers that provide groups reactive with isocyanate selected from the group consisting of hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylates, glycidyl (meth)acrylates, amino alkyl(meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylic acid.
11. The coating composition of claim 10 wherein the acrylic polymer has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 300 to 1300 and consists essentially of polymerized monomers selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, cyclic or branched alkyl (meth)acrylates having 3 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, isobornyl methacrylate, styrene, alpha methyl styrene, (meth)acrylonitrile, (meth)acryl amides, and polymerized monomers consisting of hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
12. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein the binder contains 1 to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an acrylic oligomer having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 3,000 and having groups reactive with isocyanate selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, glycidyl, amine, aldimines, phosphoric acid, ketimine and any mixtures thereof.
13. The coating composition of claim 12 wherein the oligomer consists essentially of polymerized monomers selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, cyclic or branched alkyl (meth)acrylates having 3 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, styrene, alpha methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, (metha)crylonitrile, (meth)acryl amides, and mixtures thereof and polymerized monomers that provide groups reactive with isocyanate selected from the group consisting of hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylates, glycidyl (meth)acrylates, amino alkyl(meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylic acid.
14. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic polyisocyanates, cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates, aromatic polyisocyanates and isocyanate adducts.
15. The coating composition of claim 14 in which the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate and a trimer of isophorone diisocyanate.
16. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein the binder contains 1 to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a polyester having hydroxyl groups.
17. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein the binder contains 1 to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a urethane oligomer that is the reaction product of a polyisocyanate selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic polyisocyanate and a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate; a hydroxy functional aliphatic carboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monohydric alcohol and cycloaliphatic monohydric alcohol.
18. The coating composition of claim 17 wherein the urethane oligomer consists essentially of the reaction product of the isocyanurate of hexane diisocyanate, cyclohexanol, dimethylol propionic acid.
19. The coating composition of claim 1 containing 1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a non-aqueous acrylic polymer dispersion.
20. The coating composition of claim 1 containing pigment in a pigment to binder weight ratio of 0.1100 to 200100 that is useful as a mono-coat top coating composition.
21. The coating composition of claim 1 containing pigment in a pigment to binder weight ratio of 10100 to 300100 that is useful as a primer or sealer composition.
22. A high viscosity composition comprising a binder of component a. and component b. of claim 1 useful as a putty.
23. The coating composition of claim 1 which contains about 0.1% to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a di-substituted phenol antioxidant or a hydro-peroxide decomposer.
24. The coating composition of claim 1 which contains about 0.1% to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an ultraviolet light absorber.
25. The coating composition of claim 1 which contains about 0.1% to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a hindered amine light stabilizer.
26. A substrate coated with the composition of claim 1.
27. The substrate of claim 26 in which the substrate is untreated bare metal.
28. The substrate of claim 27 in which the untreated bare metal substrate comprises aluminum or steel.
29. The substrate of claim 26 in which the substrate is galvanized steel.
30. A substrate having a base coating of a pigmented coating composition, which is top coated with a clear coating of the composition of claim 1.
31. A substrate having a multi-layer coating comprising a pigmented primer coating of the composition of claim 1, a base coating of a pigmented coating composition, and a top-coating of a clear coating composition.
32. The substrate of claim 31 wherein the top coating comprises a clear coating of the composition of claim 1.
33. A process for coating an auto body or auto part which comprises
applying a base coating of a pigmented coating composition to a substrate;
applying a top-coating of a clear coating of the composition of claim 1 over the base coating and
curing the base coating and top-coating to form a base coatclear coat finish on the substrate.
34. An auto body or auto part coated with the composition of claim 1.
35. A two component coating composition comprising
Component A comprising a polyisocyanate crosslinking agent; and
Component B comprising an isocyanate-reactive component having at least one compound having the following formula:
wherein
X is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group,
wherein
n is, on average, 2 to 4,
wherein
Y can be independently O or N; if Y is equal to O, m equals 1 and if
Y is equal to N, m equals 2;
if Y is equal to O, R1 and R2 are the same or different organic groups that are inert to isocyanate groups,
if Y is equal to N, R1 and R2 are H, or the same or different organic groups that are inert to isocyanate groups with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is not H; and
0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition, of a metal alkoxide compound;
wherein components A and B are thoroughly mixed together before application to a substrate.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A control system for a powertrain including an engine, the control system comprising:
an energy determination module that determines a rotational energy input to said powertrain during a first period of a negative lash event of said powertrain; and
a speed control module that selectively limits an increase in a rotational speed of said engine to a first predetermined rate based on said rotational energy during a second period of said negative lash event following said first period.
2. The control system of claim 1, wherein said second period ends when an output torque of said engine is greater than a predetermined torque.
3. The control system of claim 1, wherein said speed control module limits said increase by controlling a torque output of said engine.
4. The control system of claim 1, wherein said speed control module selectively increases said rotational speed at a second predetermined rate during a third period beginning at an end of said second period.
5. The control system of claim 1, wherein said speed control module limits said increase during said second period when said rotational energy is greater than a predetermined energy.
6. The control system of claim 5, wherein said predetermined energy is based on said rotational speed.
7. The control system of claim 1, wherein said rotational energy is based on an acceleration rate of said rotational speed, and wherein said speed control module limits said increase when said acceleration rate is greater than a predetermined acceleration rate.
8. The control system of claim 1, wherein said speed control module limits said increase during said second period while a torque converter slip rate of a transmission of said powertrain is within a predetermined range.
9. The control system of claim 8, wherein said predetermined range is based on said rotational energy.
10. The control system of claim 8, wherein said second period ends when said torque converter slip rate exceeds an upper limit of said predetermined range.
11. A method for controlling a powertrain including an engine, the method comprising:
determining a rotational energy input to said powertrain during a first period of a negative lash event of said powertrain; and
selectively limiting an increase in a rotational speed of said engine to a first predetermined rate based on said rotational energy during a second period of said negative lash event following said first period.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said second period ends when an output torque of said engine is greater than a predetermined torque.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein said selectively limiting includes limiting a torque output of said engine.
14. The method of claim 11, further comprising selectively increasing said rotational speed at a second predetermined rate during a third period beginning at an end of said second period.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein said selectively limiting includes limiting said increase when said rotational energy is greater than a predetermined energy.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said predetermined energy is based on said rotational speed.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein said rotational energy is based on an acceleration rate of said rotational speed, and wherein said selectively limiting includes limiting said increase when said acceleration rate is greater than a predetermined acceleration rate.
18. The method of claim 11, wherein said selectively limiting includes limiting said increase while a torque converter slip rate of a transmission of said powertrain is within a predetermined range.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said predetermined range is based on said rotational energy.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein said second period ends when said torque converter slip rate exceeds an upper limit of said predetermined range.

1. A hybrid irrigation controller, comprising:
means for entry or selection of a watering program;
means for storing the watering program;
means for providing a plurality of receptacles for removably receiving at least one station module andor at least one encoder module;
the station module being connectable to a corresponding solenoid actuated valve through a dedicated field valve line and common return line and including at least one switching device for selectively providing a first power signal that energizes the corresponding solenoid actuated valve;
the encoder module being connectable to a multi-wire path for sending encoded signals and a second power signal along the multi-wire path for selectively energizing one of a plurality of solenoid actuated valves connected to corresponding decoder circuits connected along the multi-wire path; and
processor means for executing the stored watering program and controlling the station module andor the encoder module in accordance with the stored watering program.
2. The controller of claim 1 wherein the multi-wire path includes two wires.
3. The controller of claim 1 wherein each multi-wire path includes three wires.
4. The controller of claim 1 wherein each of the receptacles includes a card edge connector.
5. The controller of claim 1 wherein the station module includes a micro-controller.
6. The controller of claim 1 wherein the processor means provides at each receptacle the commands for controlling all of the modules.
7. The controller of claim 1 wherein the controller further comprises a back panel in which the receptacles are located.
8. The controller of claim 7 wherein the controller further comprises a face pack removably mounted over the back panel and supporting a circuit board on which the processor means is mounted.
9. The controller of claim 8 wherein the controller further comprises a door hingedly connected to the back panel for enclosing the face pack.
10. The controller of claim 1 and further comprising a master module configured for insertion into a third one of the receptacles and including circuitry for interfacing with a pump.
11. A hybrid irrigation controller, comprising:
a plurality of manually actuable controls for entry or selection of a watering program;
a memory for storing the watering program;
a plurality of receptacles for removably receiving at least one station module andor at least one encoder module;
the station module being connectable to a corresponding valve through a dedicated field valve line and common return line and including at least one switching device for selectively providing a first power signal that energizes the corresponding valve;
the encoder module being connectable to a multi-wire path for sending encoded signals and a second power signal along the multi-wire path for selectively energizing one of a plurality of valves connected to corresponding decoder circuits connected along the multi-wire path; and
a processor for executing the stored watering program and controlling the station module andor the encoder module in accordance with the stored watering program.
12. The controller of claim 11 wherein the multi-wire path includes two wires.
13. The controller of claim 11 wherein each multi-wire path includes three wires.
14. The controller of claim 11 wherein each of the receptacles includes a card edge connector.
15. The controller of claim 11 wherein the station module includes a micro-controller.
16. The controller of claim 11 wherein the processor means provides at each receptacle the commands for controlling all of the modules.
17. The controller of claim 11 wherein the controller further comprises a back panel in which the receptacles are located.
18. The controller of claim 17 wherein the controller further comprises a face pack removably mounted over the back panel and supporting a circuit board on which the processor means is mounted.
19. The controller of claim 18 wherein the controller further comprises a door hingedly connected to the back panel for enclosing the face pack.
20. The controller of claim 11 and further comprising a master module configured for insertion into a third one of the receptacles and including circuitry for interfacing with a pump.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
defining active regions in a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate including a cell region and a core region adjacent to the cell region, and the active regions traversing the cell region and the core region;
forming an interlayer insulating layer covering the active regions;
forming upper cell contacts penetrating the interlayer insulating layer in the cell region, the upper cell contacts being adjacent to each other along a first direction and being electrically connected to the active regions; and
forming core contacts penetrating the interlayer insulating layer in the active regions of the core region, the core contacts being adjacent to each other along the first direction and including:
upper connection core contacts electrically connected to the active regions, and
dummy contacts adjacent to the upper connection core contacts, the dummy contact being insulated from the active regions.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
forming a first interlayer insulating layer and a second interlayer insulating layer stacked on the semiconductor substrate to define the interlayer insulating layer;
forming lower cell contacts penetrating the first interlayer insulating layer to contact the active regions of the cell region, the lower cell contacts being adjacent to each other along the first direction;
forming lower connection core contacts contacting the active region of the core region, the lower connection core contacts penetrating the first interlayer insulating layer and being adjacent to each other in the first direction;
forming the upper cell contacts through the second interlayer insulating layer to contact the active regions via the lower cell contacts; and
forming the upper connection core contacts through the second interlayer insulating layer to electrically connect to the active regions via the lower connection core contacts.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lower cell contacts and the upper cell contacts are arranged at a first pitch and the core contacts are arranged at a second pitch, the second pitch being equal to or larger than the first pitch.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein forming the upper cell contacts and the upper core contacts includes forming a photoresist and a mask on the second interlayer insulating layer, the mask including patterns for forming the upper cell contacts and the upper core contacts, and the patterns for forming the upper cell contacts having a substantially same pitch in the first direction as the patterns for forming the upper core contacts.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein forming the upper cell contacts and the upper core contacts includes forming contact holes that penetrate the second interlayer insulating layer and filling a conductive material in the contact holes, the contact holes exposing the lower cell contacts, the lower connection core contacts, and the first interlayer insulating layer of the core region.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising forming interconnections on the upper cell contacts and the upper core contacts, the interconnections extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction,
wherein the active regions extend in the second direction, and
wherein the interconnections electrically connect the upper cell contacts and the upper core contacts on one active region.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising forming cell contact pads on the lower cell contacts and core contact pads in the core region,
wherein forming the upper cell contacts and the upper core contacts includes forming contact holes that penetrate the interlayer insulating layer, the contact holes in the cell region exposing the cell contact pads, and the contact holes in the core region exposing the core contact pads.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper cell contacts and the core contacts are formed at the same time to have the same width along the first direction.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising forming additional core contacts arranged in parallel with the core contacts, such that the upper connection core contacts of the additional core contacts and core contacts are arranged on the first interlayer insulating layer in a third direction, the third direction being non-vertical and non-parallel with respect to the first direction.