Author: claimsbot

1. A method of forming a preformed insert for a cast part, the method comprising the steps of:
forming a ceramic slurry compound; and
immersing an open cell structure into the ceramic slurry compound for coating the open-celled structure to form the preformed insert.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preformed insert is configured as an annulus.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preformed insert is configured as a segment of an annulus.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein there is further provided the step of casting the cast part, said step of casting the cast part comprising the further steps of:
depositing the preformed insert into a mold; and
infiltrating the preformed insert with molten metal.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein prior to performing said step of infiltrating the preformed insert with molten metal, there is provided the further step of affixing the preformed insert within the mold.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein prior to performing said step of infiltrating the preformed insert with molten metal, there is provided the further step of locating the preformed insert within the mold to ensure that it is completely covered by the molten metal during said step of infiltrating the preformed insert with molten metal.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein there is further provided the step of reducing negative effects in an iron casting process or a metal-matrix composite product such as casting porosity or gas build-up inside the mold.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein there is further provided the step of manipulating and controlling the density and weight of a metal-matrix composite product.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein there is further provided the step of manipulating and controlling dampening characteristics of a metal-matrix composite product.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic slurry compound comprises 50-90% Silicon Carbide; 10-50% Bentonite; 0-25% Silica.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic slurry compound comprises 95-60% Silicon Carbide; 5-40% Calcium Aluminate.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic slurry compound comprises 50-90% Silicon Carbide; 10-50% Fly Ash; 0-25% Silica.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic slurry compound comprises 50-90% Silicon Carbide; 10-50% Rice Hull Ash; 0-25% Silica.
14. A cast wear element comprising:
a ceramic preformed insert having a predetermined configuration and porosity; and
a volume of metal arranged to infiltrate and substantially surround said ceramic preformed insert.
15. The cast wear element of claim 14, wherein said volume of metal is provided with a wear surface.
16. The cast wear element of claim 15, wherein said ceramic preformed insert is disposed at a predetermined distance from the wear surface.
17. The cast wear element of claim 14, wherein the cast wear element is a rotatory wear element, and said ceramic preformed insert is configured as an annulus.
18. The cast wear element of claim 14, wherein the cast wear element is a rotatory wear element, and said ceramic preformed insert is configured as an arcuate segment of an annulus.
19. A rotatory cast wear element comprising:
a ceramic preformed insert having a predetermined configuration and porosity, said ceramic preformed insert being formed of an open-celled structure coated with a ceramic slurry compound that has been sintered; and
a volume of cast iron arranged to infiltrate and substantially surround said ceramic preformed insert, said volume of cast iron having a wear surface.
20. The rotatory cast wear element of claim 19, wherein said ceramic preformed insert is disposed at a predetermined distance from the wear surface.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A manufacturing method of an optical film provided with a convexoconcave structure, comprises the steps of:
coating a resin solution including a first resin solved by a solvent onto an endless or roll-like mold provided with a convexoconcave structure, and forming a resin solution layer on the mold;
laminating a film substrate directly onto the resin solution layer to make a laminated film before the solvent in the resin solution layer is completely dried, the film substrate including a second resin, which absorbs the solvent or is soluble by the solvent; and
peeling the laminated film from the mold before the solvent in the laminated film is completely dried.
2. The manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the first resin is substantially the same as the second resin.
3. The manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the first resin is cellulose ester.
4. The manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the second resin is cellulose ester.
5. The manufacturing method of claim 2, wherein the first resin and the second resin are cellulose ester.
6. The manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the time from lamination of the film substrate onto the resin solution layer to the peeling of the laminated film is 30 seconds or less.

1. Assembly of a drive shaft (1) with the cutting head hub of a submersible granulator, which assembly comprises a connection hood (5) that is attachable in a pivoting manner to the drive shaft (1), which hood displays a connector threading for the cutting head hub to be screwed on, the drive shaft (1) abutting the inner side of the connection hood (5) with a spherical end (8), characterized in that a cogged crown (4) having outer cogs (3) is arranged at the cutting-head-side end (2) of the drive shaft (1), that the connector hood (5) has inner cogs (6) that engage the outer cogs (3) of the cogged crown (4), and that the outer surface of each cog (7) of the cogged crown (3) is convexly curved.
2. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the cog flanks of the cogs (7) are curved around an axis that runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft (1).
3. Assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a pressure transmission plate (10) is arranged on the inner side of the connection hood (5), which plate displays at its center a semi-spherical recess (11) adapted to the spherical end (8) of the drive shaft (1).
4. Assembly according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the spherical end (8) of the drive shaft (1) is designed as a ball (12) that is acted upon by the drive shaft (1).
5. Assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the ball is cemented to the drive shaft.
6. Assembly according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the ball (12) consists of carbide.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A line based image matching method comprising:
collecting line information of a query image and model images;
defining a binary relation between lines of the query image and lines of the model images;
measuring compatibility coefficients of node-label pairs of the query and model images based on the binary relation; and
measuring the similarity between the query and model images on the basis of continuous relaxation labeling using the compatibility coefficients.
2. The line based image matching method of claim 1, wherein the line information of each of the query and model images is expressed by shape descriptors.
3. The line based image matching method of claim 1, wherein the model images are retrieved from a database indexed by shape descriptors determined by:
extracting the skeleton of a model image;
thinning the skeleton;
concatenating corresponding pixels based on the extracted skeleton to obtain a set of lines; and
normalizing the set of lines to determine the normalized set of lines as the shape descriptors.
4. The line based image matching method of claim 1, wherein the binary relation is invariant with respect to rotations, scale changes and translations.
5. The line based image matching method of claim 4, wherein the binary relation includes at least one of an angular difference between two lines, a ratio of the lengths of the two lines, a relative location of the two lines, and a relative distance between the two lines.
6. The line based image matching method of claim 1, wherein measuring the compatibility coefficients of the node-label pairs based on the binary relation comprises:
measuring the binary relation, denoted by ij, for two nodes i and j within the set of lines of the query image;
measuring the binary relation, denoted by , for two labels and within the set of lines for each of the model images; and
measuring the compatibility coefficients, denoted by rij(, ), for the node-label pairs of the query and each of the model images.
7. The line based image matching method of claim 6, wherein the compatibility coefficients rij(, ) as a measure of the strength of compatibility between the node-label pairs have high values corresponding to compatibility and low values corresponding to incompatibility.
8. The line based image matching method of claim 6, wherein the compatibility coefficients rij(, ) are determined as 1 if the binary relation of a node pair (i, j) of the query image coincides with the binary relation of a label pair (, ).
9. The line based image matching method of claim 6, wherein the compatibility coefficients rij(, ) are expressed as:
11
r

i
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=

1
1
+

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(

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j
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where
12
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=
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1

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k
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1
,
K denotes the number of elements of a character vector for a defined binary relation; and is a measure of the difference in compatibility between node-label pairs.
10. The line based image matching method of claim 1, before measuring the similarity on the basis of the continuous relaxation labeling, further comprising assigning a uniform initial probability to a predetermined number of upper node-label pairs in which the sums of the highest degree of support by each adjacent label for the nodes are within the range of an upper level, the initial probability being close to the final probability.
11. The line based image matching method of claim 10, after assigning the uniform initial probability to the upper node-label pairs, further comprising defining a probability update element for the continuous relaxation labeling as:
13
q
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(
k
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(

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p
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(
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(
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)
where pj(k)() denotes the node-to-label correspondence probability, and k denotes the number of iterations needed.
12. The line based image matching method of claim 11, after defining the probability update element, further comprising updating the probability on the basis of the Zucker’s theory using
14
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where
15
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and
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.
13. The line based image matching method of claim 1, where measuring the similarity between the query and model images comprises:
calculating the sum of the distances between corresponding node-to-label pairs of the sets of lines for the query and each of the model images; and
determining the reciprocal of the sum of the distances as the similarity between corresponding two images.
14. The line based image matching method of claim 13, wherein the distances are measured using the Euclidean distance or the Housdorff distance.