Author: claimsbot

1. A method for separating an input signal, wherein the input signal is a multi-component signal, comprising the steps of:
estimating parameters of the input signal;
separating the input signal, using periodicity-based algebraic separation and energy-based demodulation (PASED), into components according to the parameters and constraints; and
applying a Teager-Kaiser energy detector (TKED) to each component to provide a direct current (DC) signal for each component, and the constraint for each component used by the separating, wherein the steps are performed in a processor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-component signal is a mixture of amplitude-frequency modulated signals (AM-FM) and sinusoidal signals.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein frequencies and amplitudes of the multi-component signal vary over time.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the constraints form exact zero DC constraints.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the separating and applying are performed iteratively until a termination condition is reached.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a length of the input signal is not an integer multiple of a fundamental period of the signal.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters include a number of components and a period of each component.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the DC signals are proportional to squares of amplitude and frequency of the input signal.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A surface treating method of forming a coating layer on a base material, comprising:
conducting a plasma processing under an atmospheric pressure for the base material so as to form a coating layer on the base material having at least one of a curved surface and an uneven surface.
2. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the base material is a lens having an effective optical surface and the lens satisfies the following formulas:
0<D300 0<TD1.0
where D is a diameter (mm) of the effective optical surface and T is a thickness (mm) of the effective optical surface on an optical axis.
3. The surface treating method of claim 2, wherein the lens is a lens for use in an optical pickup apparatus and the lens satisfies the following formulas:
1D10 0.2TD0.5
4. The surface treating method of claim 2, wherein plural ring-shaped step portions are provided on the effective optical surface and satisfy the following formula.
0<Hi0.01 0.001Li0.1
where Hi is a depth (mm) of the plural ring-shaped step portions and Li is an interval (mm) of the plural ring-shaped step portions.
5. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the base material is a lens array on which plural lens sections are mounted in a form of an array and satisfies the following formulas:
0<Di300 0<TiDi1.0 0<Li<200
where Di is a diameter (mm) of a lens section, Ti is a thickness (mm) of the lens section and Li is an interval (mm) of the plural lens sections.
6. The surface treating method of claim 5, wherein the lens array is a micro lens array and satisfies the following formulas:
0.01Di2 0.2TiDi0.5 0.01Li5
7. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein at least one of a concave or a convex is provided on the uneven surface of the base material.
8. The surface treating method of claim 7, wherein plural convexes being shaped in one of a saw tooth and a rectangle are provided on the base material with an arrangement satisfying the following formulas:
0<Li30 0<HiLi3.0 0<Wi<Li
where Hi is a height (mm) of the convex, Wi is a width (mm) of the convex and Li is an interval (mm) of plural convexes.
9. The surface treating method of claim 8, wherein some of the plural convexes are provided on the base material with a different interval Lk (mm) and satisfies the following formula.
0<Wi<Lk
10. The surface treating method of claim 8, wherein the base material is a light introducing plate satisfying the following formulas:
0.05Li2 0.01HiLi0.1
11. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the base material is a prism satisfying the following formulas:
0<W30 0<HW3.0
where H is a height (mm) of the prism and W is a width (mm) of the prism.
12. The surface treating method of claim 11, wherein the prism is a micro prism satisfying the following formulas:
0.5W4.0 0.5H4.0
13. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the coating layer is one of a half-mirror film, an anti-reflection film, an electric conductive film, a hard coating film and a filtering film.
14. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the base material is made of a resin.
15. The surface treating method of claim 14, wherein the resin is one of an acrylic type resin, a polycarbonate type resin, a polyethylene type resin, a polyolefin type resin and a polystyrene type resin.
16. The surface treating method of claim 14, wherein the resin is an amorphous polyolefin type resin.
17. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the base material is made of a glass.
18. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the coating layer is a dielectric film.
19. The surface treating method of claim 18, wherein the dielectric film has a carbon content of from 0.2 to 5 weight %.
20. The surface treating method of claim 18, wherein in the dielectric film, at least a layer of which a main component is silicon oxide and a layer of which a main component is one of titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, indium oxide and aluminum oxide are superimposed.
21. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the plasma processing comprises a process of generating discharging between electrodes by supplying an electric power of 1 Wcm2 or more with a high frequency voltage of 100 kHz or more to the electrodes.
22. The surface treating method of claim 21, wherein the high frequency voltage is a continuous sine wave.
23. The surface treating method of claim 1, wherein the plasma processing comprises:
introducing a reactive gas or a gas mixture of a reactive gas and an inert gas into electrodes which are arranged to be opposite to each other; and
generating discharging between the electrodes under an atmospheric pressure or a pressure around an atmospheric pressure so as to cause a plasma state for the reactive gas or the gas mixture.
24. An optical element, comprising:
at least one of a curved surface and an uneven surface on a base material; and
a coating layer formed on the at least one of a curved surface and an uneven surface by the surface treating method of claim 1.
25. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the base material is a lens having an effective optical surface and the lens satisfies the following formulas:
0<D300 0<TD1.0
where D is a diameter (mm) of the effective optical surface and T is a thickness (mm) of the effective optical surface on an optical axis.
26. The optical element of claim 25, wherein the lens is a lens for use in an optical pickup apparatus and the lens satisfies the following formulas:
1D10 0.2TD0.5
27. The optical element of claim 25, wherein plural ring-shaped step portions are provided on the effective optical surface and satisfy the following formula.
0<Hi0.01 0.001Li0.1
where Hi is a depth (mm) of the plural ring-shaped step portions and Li is an interval (mm) of the plural ring-shaped step portions.
28. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the base material is a lens array on which plural lens sections are mounted in a form of an array and satisfies the following formulas:
0<Di300 0<TiDi1.0 0<Li200
where Di is a diameter (mm) of a lens section, Ti is a thickness (mm) of the lens section and Li is an interval (mm) of the plural lens sections.
29. The optical element of claim 28, wherein the lens array is a micro lens array and satisfies the following formulas:
0.01Di2 0.2TiDi<0.5 0.01Li5
30. The optical element of claim 24, wherein at least one of a concave or a convex is provided on the uneven surface of the base material.
31. The optical element of claim 30, wherein plural convexes being shaped in one of a saw tooth and a rectangle are provided on the base material with an arrangement satisfying the following formulas:
0<Li30 0<HiLi3.0 0<Wi<Li
where Hi is a height (mm) of the convex, Wi is a width (mm) of the convex and Li is an interval (mm) of plural convexes.
32. The optical element of claim 31, wherein some of the plural convexes are provided on the base material with a different interval Lk (mm) and satisfies the following formula.
0<Wi<Lk
33. The optical element of claim 31, wherein the base material is a light introducing plate satisfying the following formulas:
0.05Li2 0.01HiLi0.1
34. The surface treating method of claim 24, wherein the base material is a prism satisfying the following formulas:
0<W30 0<HW3.0
where H is a height (mm) of the prism and W is a width (mm) of the prism.
35. The surface treating method of claim 34, wherein the prism is a micro prism satisfying the following formulas:
0.5W4.0 0.5H4.0
36. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the coating layer is one of a half-mirror film, an anti-reflection film, an electric conductive film, a hard coating film and a filtering film.
37. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the base material is made of a resin.
38. The optical element of claim 37, wherein the resin is one of an acrylic type resin, a polycarbonate type resin, a polyethylene type resin, a polyolefin type resin and a polystyrene type resin.
39. The optical element of claim 38, wherein the resin is an amorphous polyolefin type resin.
40. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the base material is made of a glass.
41. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the coating layer is a dielectric film.
42. The optical element of claim 41, wherein the dielectric film has a carbon content of from 0.2 to 5 weight %.
43. The optical element of claim 41, wherein in the dielectric film, at least a layer of which a main component is silicon oxide and a layer of which a main component is one of titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, indium oxide and aluminum oxide are superimposed.
44. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the plasma processing comprises a process of generating discharging between electrodes by supplying an electric power of 1 Wcm2 or more with a high frequency voltage of 100 kHz or more to the electrodes.
45. The optical element of claim 44, wherein the high frequency voltage is a continuous sine wave.
46. The optical element of claim 24, wherein the plasma processing comprises:
introducing a reactive gas or a gas mixture of a reactive gas and an inert gas into electrodes which are arranged to be opposite to each other; and
generating discharging between the electrodes under an atmospheric pressure or a pressure around an atmospheric pressure so as to cause a plasma state for the reactive gas or the gas mixture.

1-13. (canceled)
14. A reconfigurable array processor comprising:
a network interface;
a plurality of processing elements for parallel processing of an input data stream; and
a processor array manager coupled with the network interface and the plurality of processing elements, the processor array manager to:
generate a tokenized input data stream from the input data stream;
provide a different portion of the tokenized input data stream to each of the plurality of processing elements;
combine intermediate results received from each of the plurality of processing elements to yield a final result that indicates whether the input data stream includes the reference pattern;

the plurality of processing elements to:
determine whether a portion of the tokenized input data stream provided to the processing element from the processor array manager matches a reference pattern; and
provide an intermediate result to the processor array manager, wherein the intermediate result indicates whether the portion of the tokenized input data stream matches the reference pattern.
15. The reconfigurable array processor of claim 14, each of the plurality of processing elements further to:
update a result register of the processing element with a first value in response to a determination that the portion of the tokenized input data stream received at the processing element from the processor array manager includes the reference pattern; and
determine not to update the result register in response to a determination that the portion of the tokenized input data stream does not include the reference pattern.
16. The reconfigurable array processor of claim 14, wherein the plurality of processing elements to provide an intermediate result comprises each of the plurality of processing elements to:
provide a first value as the intermediate result associated with the processing element when the portion of the of the tokenized input data stream received at the processing element from the processor array manager matches at least one reference pattern of a plurality of reference patterns; and
provide a second value as the intermediate result associated with the processing element when the portion of the of the tokenized input data stream received at the processing element from the processor array manager does not match any of the plurality of reference patterns.
17. The reconfigurable array processor of claim 14, each of the plurality of processing elements further to:
receive a control signal from the processor array manager indicating that the intermediate result associated with the processing element was received by the processor array manager; and
determine whether a next portion of the tokenized input data stream includes the reference pattern in response to receiving the control signal.
18. The reconfigurable array processor of claim 17, the processor array manager to:
prior to a determination of whether the next portion of the tokenized input data stream includes the reference pattern, initialize a result register associated with the processing element of the plurality of processing elements that was sent the control signal.
19. The reconfigurable array processor of claim 14, comprising each of the plurality of processing elements to determine whether the corresponding portion of the tokenized input data stream and provide the intermediate result to the processor array manager in parallel.
20. A computer program product for pattern matching using a reconfigurable array processor, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions to,
generate, by a manager of the reconfigurable array processor, a tokenized input data stream from an input data stream;
provide a different portion of the tokenized input data stream to each of a plurality of processing elements of the reconfigurable array processor;
receive an intermediate result from each processing element based, at least in part, on the processing element comparing the portion of the tokenized input data stream against a reference pattern, wherein the intermediate result indicates whether the portion of the tokenized input data stream matches the reference pattern; and
combine intermediate results received from each of the plurality of processing elements to yield a final result that indicates whether the input data stream includes the reference pattern.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of receiving data in a closed-loop multi-antenna system, the method comprising:
acquiring Channel Quality Information (CQIs) of data streams from a received signal;
selecting at least one CQI from among the acquired CQIs;
calculating a common CQI using the acquired CQIs;
generating feedback information comprising the at least one CQI, the common CQI, and an identifier of a data stream with the at least one CQI; and
transmitting the feedback information to a transmitter.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the CQIs of the data streams comprises:
acquiring the CQIs of the data streams by channel estimation of the received signal.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the identifier of the data stream with the at least one CQI is an index of the data stream with the at least one CQI.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one CQI is a best of the acquired CQIs.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the common CQI is an average of the acquired CQIs except for the best of the acquired CQIs.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the common CQI is an average of the acquired CQIs.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the calculating of the common CQI comprises:
selecting a first CQI that is a worst of the acquired CQIs;
calculating a second CQI by averaging the acquired CQIs except for the best of the acquired CQIs; and
selecting a better CQI between the first CQI and the second CQI as the common CQI.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the feedback information further comprises a coding scheme identifier (ID) according to a CQI acquisition method.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the coding scheme ID is determined according to whether the CQIs are acquired by Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC).
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the coding scheme ID indicates one of a pure horizontal coding scheme and a hybrid verticalhorizontal coding scheme.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generating of the feedback information comprises:
selecting an optimal precoding matrix from among precoding matrices of a codebook according to the acquired CQIs; and
generating the feedback information comprising the at least one CQI, the common CQI, the identifier of the data stream with the at least one CQI, and an index of the optimal precoding matrix.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the generating of the feedback information comprises:
selecting an optimal precoding matrix from among precoding matrices of a codebook according to the acquired CQIs; and
generating the feedback information comprising the at least one CQI, the common CQI, the identifier of the data stream with the at least one CQI, and an index of the optimal precoding matrix.
13. An apparatus for receiving data in a closed-loop multi-antenna system, comprising:
a channel estimator to acquire Channel Quality Information (CQIs) of data streams from a received signal; and
a feedback information generator to select at least one CQI from among the acquired CQIs, to calculate a common CQI using the acquired CQIs, to generate feedback information comprising the at least one CQI, the common CQI, and an identifier of a data stream with the at least one CQI, and to transmit the feedback information to a transmitter.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the channel estimator acquires the CQIs of the data streams by channel estimation of the received signal.
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the identifier of the data stream with the at least one CQI is an index of the data stream with the at least one CQI.
16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the at least one CQI is a best of the acquired CQIs.
17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the common CQI is an average of the acquired CQIs except for the best of the acquired CQI.
18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the common CQI is an average of the acquired CQIs.
19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the feedback information generator calculates the common CQI by selecting a first CQI that is a worst of the acquired CQIs, calculating a second CQI by averaging the acquired CQIs except for the best of the acquired CQIs, and selecting a better CQI between the first CQI and the second CQI as the common CQI.
20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the feedback information further comprises a coding scheme identifier (ID) according to a CQI acquisition method.
21. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein the feedback information generator determines the coding scheme ID according to whether the CQIs are acquired by Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC).
22. The apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein the coding scheme ID indicates one of a pure horizontal coding scheme and a hybrid verticalhorizontal coding scheme.
23. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the feedback information generator selects an optimal precoding matrix from among precoding matrices of a codebook according to the acquired CQIs, and generates the feedback information to further comprise an index of the optimal precoding matrix.
24. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the feedback information generator selects an optimal precoding matrix from among precoding matrices of a codebook according to the acquired CQIs, and generates the feedback information to further comprise an index of the optimal precoding matrix.
25. A method of transmitting data in a closed-loop multi-antenna system, the method comprising:
receiving feedback information from at least one receiver, the feedback information comprising a best Channel Quality Information (CQI), a common CQI, and an identifier of a data stream with the best CQI;
determining an operation mode according to the feedback information; and
transmitting one or more data streams in the determined operation mode.
26. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the operation mode is one of a single-user mode and a multi-user mode, the single-user mode transmitting the one or more data streams to one user through a plurality of transmit antennas and the multi-user mode transmitting the one or more data streams to at least two users through the plurality of transmit antennas.
27. The method as claimed in claim 26 wherein the determining of the operation mode comprises:
calculating a maximum sum rate of the multi-user mode RMU,sum and calculating a rate of the single-user mode RSU;
selecting the multi-user mode as the operation mode if the RMU,sum is greater than the RSU; and
selecting the single-user mode as the operation mode if the RMU,sum is equal to or less than the RSU.
28. The method as claimed in claim 27, wherein the calculating of the RSU comprises:
calculating the rate of the single-user mode RSU and an optimal user with the RSU by:
R
SU

=
max
k
=
1

,
2
,
\ue89e
\u2026
\ue89e
,
K
\ue89e

{
Rate
\ue8a0

(

CQI

max
,
k
)
+
(
N
stream

–
1

)

\xd7
Rate
\ue8a0

(

CQI

remaining
,
k
)
}
where Rate(CQImax,k) is a data rate supported by the best CQI received from a kth user, Rate(CQIremaining,k) is the data rate supported by a common CQI received from the kth user, and Nstream is a total number of transmitted data streams.
29. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the transmitting of the one or more data streams comprises:
if the operation mode is the single-user mode, selecting a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) level supported by a data rate and transmitting one data stream to the optimal user using the selected MCS level, the data rate computed by:
Rate(CQImax,k)+(Nstream\u22121)\xd7Rate(CQIremaining,k).
30. The method as claimed in claim 29, wherein the transmitting of the one or more data streams further comprises:
encoding the one data stream with a pure vertical coding scheme.
31. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the transmitting of the one or more data streams comprises:
if the operation mode is the single-user mode, selecting a first MCS level based on the best CQI and selecting a second MCS level based on the common CQI.
32. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the transmitting of the one or more data streams further comprises:
transmitting a first data stream to the optimal user using the first MCS level and transmitting a second data stream to the optimal user using the second MCS level.
33. The method as claimed in claim 32, wherein the transmitting of the one or more data streams further comprises:
encoding the first data stream and the second data stream for the optimal user with a hybrid verticalhorizontal coding scheme.
34. An apparatus for transmitting data in a closed-loop multi-antenna system, the apparatus comprising:
a controller to receive feedback information from at least one receiver, the feedback information comprising a best Channel Quality Information (CQI), a common CQI, and an identifier of a data stream with the best CQI, and to determine an operation mode according to the feedback information; and
a signal transmitter to transmit one or more data streams in the determined operation mode.
35. The apparatus as claimed in claim 34, wherein the operation mode is one of a single-user mode and a multi-user mode, the single-user mode transmitting the one or more data streams to one user through a plurality of transmit antennas and the multi-user mode transmitting the one or more data streams to at least two users through the plurality of transmit antennas.
36. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein the controller calculates a maximum sum rate of the multi-user mode RMU,sum and calculates a rate of the single-user mode RSU, selects the multi-user mode as the operation mode if the RMU,sum is greater than the RSU, and selects the single-user mode as the operation mode if the RMU,sum is equal to or less than the RSU.
37. The apparatus as claimed in claim 36, wherein the controller calculates the rate of the single-user mode RSU and an optimal user with the RSU by:
R
SU

=
max
k
=
1

,
2
,
\ue89e
\u2026
\ue89e
,
K
\ue89e

{
Rate
\ue8a0

(

CQI

max
,
k
)
+
(
N
stream

–
1

)

\xd7
Rate
\ue8a0

(

CQI

remaining
,
k
)
}
where Rate(CQImax,k) is a data rate supported by the best CQI received from a kth user, Rate(CQIremaining,k) is a data rate supported by the common CQI received from the kth user, and Nstream is a total number of transmitted data streams.
38. The apparatus as claimed in claim 37, wherein if the operation mode is the single-user mode, the controller selects a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) level supporting a data rate computed by:
Rate(CQImax,k)+(Nstream\u22121)\xd7Rate(CQIremaining,k).
39. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the signal transmitter transmits one data stream to the optimal user using the selected MCS level.
40. The apparatus as claimed in claim 39, wherein the signal transmitter encodes the one data stream with a pure vertical coding scheme.
41. The apparatus as claimed in claim 37, wherein if the operation mode is the single-user mode, the controller selects a first MCS level based on the best CQI and selects a second MCS level based on the common CQI.
42. The apparatus as claimed in claim 41, wherein the signal transmitter transmits a first data stream to the optimal user using the first MCS level and transmits a second data stream to the optimal user using the second MCS level.
43. The apparatus as claimed in claim 42, wherein the signal transmitter encodes the first data stream and the second data stream for the optimal user with a hybrid verticalhorizontal coding scheme.
44. The apparatus as claimed in claim 34, wherein the apparatus is a base station in the closed-loop multi-antenna system.
45. A closed-loop multi-antenna system comprising:
one or more receivers to receive data, each receiver comprising:
a channel estimator to acquire Channel Quality Information (CQIs) of data streams from a received signal, and
a feedback information generator to select at least one CQI from among the acquired CQIs, to calculate a common CQI using the acquired CQIs, to generate feedback information comprising the at least one CQI, the common CQI, and an identifier of a data stream with the at least one CQI, and to transmit the feedback information to a transmitter; and

a transmitter to transmit the data, the transmitter comprising:
a controller to receive the feedback information from the one or more receivers, the feedback information, and to determine an operation mode according to the feedback information, and

a signal transmitter to transmit one or more data streams in the determined operation mode.
46. The system as claimed in claim 45, wherein the at least one CQI is a best of the acquired CQIs.
47. The system as claimed in claim 46, wherein the feedback information generator calculates the common CQI by selecting a first CQI that is a worst of the acquired CQIs, calculating a second CQI by averaging the acquired CQIs except for a best of the acquired CQIs, and selecting a better CQI between the first CQI and the second CQI as the common CQI.
48. The system as claimed in claim 45, wherein the operation mode is one of a single-user mode and a multi-user mode, the single-user mode transmitting the one or more data streams to one user through a plurality of transmit antennas and the multi-user mode transmitting the one or more data streams to at least two users through the plurality of transmit antennas.
49. A method of transmitting and receiving data in a closed-loop multi-antenna system, the method comprising:
acquiring, in one or more receivers, Channel Quality Information (CQIs) of data streams from a received signal;
selecting at least one CQI from among the acquired CQIs;
calculating a common CQI using the acquired CQIs;
generating feedback information comprising the at least one CQI, the common CQI, and an identifier of a data stream with the at least one CQI;
transmitting the feedback information from the one or more receivers to a transmitter;
determining an operation mode according to the feedback information; and
transmitting, from the transmitter, one or more data streams in the determined operation mode.
50. A computer readable recording medium encoded with the method of claim 1 and implemented by a computer.
51. A computer readable recording medium encoded with the method of claim 25 and implemented by a computer.
52. A computer readable recording medium encoded with the method of claim 49 and implemented by a computer.