Author: claimsbot

1. A method for power station simulation by means of a piece of simulation hardware that comprises at least one emulation unit, having at least one emulation component running on the or each emulation unit, and at least one simulation unit having a process model, the method comprising:
using an automation solution intended for the power station that is to be simulated in unaltered form by virtue of each emulation component being assigned a PLC program that the automation solution comprises and the emulation component acting as a soft PLC,
automatically evaluating project planning that the automation solution comprises in order to obtain communication relationship data and wherein the communication relationship data describe communication relationships between the emulation components,
executing by each emulation component the PLC program assigned to it and for that purpose accesses PLC functions and system functions, wherein the PLC functions allow at least execution of program commands of the PLC program for combining operands and the system functions allow at least execution of program commands of the PLC program for communication with another emulation component, and
executing of a system function for communication with another emulation component based on the communication relationship data.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the automatic evaluation of the project planning of the automation solution of the power station to be simulated comprises the automatic generation of communication relationship data and
wherein the execution of a system function for communication with another emulation component on the basis of the communication relationship data comprises internal communication taking place between two emulation components running on the same emulation unit within the respective emulation unit or external communication taking place between two emulation components running on different emulation units and the respective emulation units.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the assignment of a respective PLC program to a respective emulation component on the basis of automatic evaluation of the project planning of the automation solution of the power station to be simulated takes place by virtue of emulation components that act as a soft PLC being automatically instantiated on individual emulation units in accordance with the project planning and each emulation component being assigned a respective PLC program.
4. A method for automatic adoption of an automation solution of an original system for a simulation system provided for power station simulation, the method comprising:
using a loading program to automatically assign PLC programs that the automation solution comprises to individual emulation components instantiated on an emulation unit of the simulation system,
wherein the loading program is used to automatically evaluate project planning that the automation solution comprises in order to generate communication relationship data, and
automatically determining, on the basis of the communication relationship data whether communication by one emulation component with another emulation component can be handled in the form of internal communication between two emulation components running on the same emulation unit within the respective emulation unit or in the form of external communication between two emulation components running on different emulation units and the respective emulation units.
5. A computer program residing on a non-transitory computer readable media comprising
program code means adapted to perform the method of claim 1 when the computer program is executed in order to simulate a power station process.
6. A non-transitory digital storage medium comprising
electronically readable control signals that are adapted to interact with a computer intended for simulating a power station process such that the method as claimed in claim 1 is carried out.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
the anode material consisting of carbon fiber capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium,
the carbon fiber being such that area replenishment rate defined as value obtained by dividing area of the cross section thereof by the minimum area of circumscribed rectangle surrounding the cross section is 0.8 or more.
2. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 1,
wherein circularity defined as value obtained by dividing length of circumference of complete round of which area is the same as that of the cross section of the carbon fiber by length of contour line of the cross section of carbon fiber is 0.8 or more and is less than 1.0.
3. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the carbon fiber is graphitized carbon fiber.
4. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 3,
wherein bulk density of the graphitized carbon fiber is 0.4 gcm3 or more.
5. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 3,
wherein true density of the graphitized carbon fiber is 2.1 gcm3 or more.
6. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 3,
wherein specific surface area of the graphitized carbon fiber is 9m2g or less.
7. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 3,
wherein, in the grain size distribution of the graphitized carbon fiber, accumulated 10% particle diameter is 3 m or more, accumulated 50% particle diameter is 10 m or more, and accumulated 90% particle diameter is 70 m or less.
8. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 1,
wherein when it is assumed that thickness of the thinnest portion of carbon fiber is T, length in a long axis direction thereof is L and length in a direction perpendicular to the long axis is W,
value of shape parameter X calculated by the following formula is 125 or less:
X(WT)(LT)
9. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising:
anode consisting of carbon material capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium, cathode, and non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which electrolyte is dissolved in non-aqueous solvent,
wherein, as carbon material constituting the anode, there is included carbon fiber in which area replenishment rate defined as value obtained by dividing area of the cross section thereof by area of circumscribed rectangle of the minimum area surrounding the cross section is 0.8 or more.
10. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
the anode material consisting of carbon fiber capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium,
wherein the carbon fiber is such that the high order structure of the cross section is random radial type structure, and that value of fractal dimension of the cross section is 1.1 or more and is less than 1.8.
11. A method of manufacturing an anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
wherein, in applying pressure to softened pitch to carry out dischargefiber-forming thereof, dischargefiber-forming is carried out while applying ultrasonic wave to a discharge hole to form precursor of carbon fiber.
12. A method of manufacturing an anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
wherein, in applying pressure to softened pitch to carry out dischargefiber-forming, dischargefiber-forming is carried out while applying magnetic field to a discharge hole to form precursor of carbon fiber.
13. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising:
anode consisting of carbon material capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium, cathode, and non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which electrolyte is dissolved in non-aqueous solvent, wherein, as carbon material constituting the anode, there is included carbon fiber in which the high order structure of the cross section thereof is random radial type structure, and that value of fractal dimension of the cross section is 1.1 or more and is less than 1.8.
14. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
the anode material consisting of carbon fiber capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium,
wherein the carbon fiber has cross sectional high order structure in which the central portion is radial type structure and the surface layer portion is random radial type structure.
15. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 14,
wherein when it is assumed that radius of the carbon fiber is R and radius of the portion having the radial type structure is L, LR is less than 1.
16. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising:
anode consisting of carbon material capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium, cathode, and non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which electrolyte is dissolved in non-aqueous solvent,
wherein, as carbon material constituting the anode, there is included carbon fiber having cross section high order structure in which the central portion is radial type structure and the surface layer portion is random radial type structure.
17. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
the anode material consisting of carbon fiber capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium,
wherein the carbon fiber has notch structure at the cross section thereof.
18. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 17,
wherein angle of notch formed at the carbon fiber is 2 or more and is 150 or less.
19. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising: anode consisting of carbon material capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium, cathode, and non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which electrolyte is dissolved in non-aqueous solvent,
wherein, as carbon material constituting the anode, there is included carbon fiber having notch structure at the cross section thereof.
20. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
the anode material consisting of carbon fiber capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium,
wherein the carbon fiber is carbon fiber formed by crushing carbon fiber having cross sectional portions periodically different in the crystal structure in a fiber length direction.
21. An anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as set forth in claim 20,
wherein the carbon fiber is such that the aspect ratio is 50 or less, and that the specific surface area by the BET method is 1.5 m2g or less.
22. A method of manufacturing an anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
the method comprising the steps of:
forming organic fiber while applying magnetic field to a discharge hole for dischargefiber-forming in a pulse form;
allowing the organic fiber thus obtained to undergo infusible processing to implement heat treatment thereto to thereby form carbon fiber having cross sectional portions different in the crystal structure in a fiber length direction; and
crushing this carbon fiber.
23. A method of manufacturing an anode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
the method comprising the steps of:
forming organic fiber while applying ultrasonic wave vibration to a discharge hole for dischargefiber-forming;
allowing the organic fiber thus formed to undergo infusible processing to implement heat treatment thereto to thereby form carbon fiber having cross sectional portions different in the crystal structure in a fiber length direction; and
crushing this organic fiber.
24. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising:
anode consisting of carbon material capable of carrying out dopingundoping of lithium, cathode, and non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which electrolyte is dissolved in non-aqueous solvent,
wherein, as carbon material constituting the anode, there is included carbon fiber formed by crushing carbon fiber having cross sectional portions periodically different in the crystal structure in a fiber length direction.

1. A magneto-resistive sensor for measuring a magnetic field based on an anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) effect or a gigantic magneto-resistive (GMR) effect, comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of resistors, comprising first magneto-resistive layer strips and at least one second layer strip in series with the first magneto-resistive layer strips, arranged in form of a half or full bridge circuit on the substrate, said plurality of resistors having a resistance value that depends on a magnetic field strength;
wherein said first magneto-resistive layer strips have a resistance that depends on temperature according to a first temperature coefficient; and said at least one second layer strip has a resistance that depends on temperature according to a second temperature coefficient different from the first temperature coefficient.
2. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 1, wherein a resistance of the at least one second layer strip is unaffected by the magnetic field strength.
3. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 1, wherein the mathematical sign of the temperature coefficient of the resistance value of the at least one second layer strip is opposite to the mathematical sign of the temperature coefficient of the resistance value of the first magneto-resistive layer strips.
4. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 3, wherein the temperature coefficient of the resistance value of the at least one second layer strip is negative and that of the first magneto-resistive layer strips is positive.
5. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 1 implemented as a full bridge circuit, wherein two resistors which are located diagonally opposed in the bridge circuit comprise the at least one second layer strip.
6. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 1, wherein two resistors which are diagonally opposed in the bridge circuit comprise both first magneto-resistive layer strips with a different shape anisotropy as well as the at least one second layer strip.
7. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of resistors comprises at least one trim layer region with an adjustable resistance value.
8. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 7, wherein a material of the at least one trim layer region is the same as a material of the first magneto-resistive layer strips.
9. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 7, wherein a material of the at least one trim layer region is the same as a material of the at least one second layer strip.
10. The magneto-resistive sensor of claim 1, wherein each resistor comprises a first and a second trim layer region, and wherein a material of the first trim layer region is the same as a material of the at least one second layer strip and a material of the second trim layer region is the same as a material of the first magneto-resistive layer strips.
11. A sensor for detecting magnetic fields, comprising:
a substrate; and
a bridge circuit on the substrate, the bridge circuit comprising:
a plurality of resistors having a resistance value that depends on magnetic field strength, the resistors comprising:
first magneto-resistive layer strips having a resistance dependent on temperature, and
at least one second layer strip in series with the first magneto-resistive layer strips, said at least one second layer strip having a dependence of resistance on temperature different from the dependence of resistance on temperature of the first magneto-resistive layer strips.
12. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the bridge circuit is a full bridge circuit, and the resistors comprise an anisotropic magneto-resistance material.
13. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the bridge circuit is a full bridge circuit, and the first magneto-resistive layer strips comprise magneto-resistive spin-valve layer strips.
14. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the temperature dependence of the resistance of the first layer strips is inverse from the temperature dependence of the second layer strips.
15. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the resistance of the second layer strips is independent of temperature.
16. The sensor of claim 11, wherein at least one of the sensors has a trim layer region having an adjustable resistance.
17. The sensor of claim 16, wherein the trim layer region comprises a material the same as a material of the first magneto-resistive layer strips.
18. The sensor of claim 16, wherein the trim layer region comprises a material the same as a material of the at least one second layer strip.
19. The sensor of claim 11, wherein each resistor comprises a first and a second trim layer region, and wherein a material of the first trim layer region is the same as a material of the at least one second layer strip and a material of the second trim layer region is the same as a material of the first magneto-resistive layer strips.
20. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the bridge circuit is a half bridge circuit.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A flow control assembly for controlling the flow of fluid, comprising:
a casing having an interior and a casing outlet;
a piston having a piston inlet and an edge, wherein said piston interfaces with the casing in a manner such that the edge is cooperable with the casing outlet to control the flow of fluid through the assembly;
a biasing member for biasing said casing with said piston; and
a sensor for measuring pressure within the assembly.
2. The flow control assembly of claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a spring.
3. The flow control assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a pressure transducer.
4. The flow control assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor interfaces with the interior of the casing.
5. The flow control assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor is positioned for measuring pressure at a point adjacent to the piston inlet.
6. The flow control assembly of claim 1, further comprising a piston stop.
7. The flow control assembly of claim 6, wherein said piston stop is a retaining cap that interfaces with said piston.
8. The flow control assembly of claim 1, further comprising a fluid stop.
9. The flow control assembly of claim 8, wherein said fluid stop is a rolling membrane.
10. The flow control assembly of claim 1, further comprising a tension seat.
11. The flow control assembly of claim 10, wherein said tension seat interfaces with said biasing member to adjust the force applied by said biasing member to said piston.
12. The flow control assembly of claim 10, wherein said tension seat interfaces with a valve housing.
13. The flow control assembly of claim 1, further comprising a piston seat.
14. The flow control assembly of claim 13, wherein said piston seat has rounded edges.
15. A flow control assembly for controlling the flow of fluid, comprising:
a casing having an interior, an upstream casing section, and a downstream casing section, wherein said upstream casing section has a piston opening and said downstream casing section has a fluid exit port;
a piston having an upstream piston section and a downstream piston section, wherein said upstream piston section has a fluid inlet port, said downstream piston section has an edge, and said piston slidably interfaces with the casing in a manner such that said edge is cooperable with said fluid exit port;
a biasing member for biasing said casing with said piston; and
a sensor for measuring the pressure within assembly.
16. The flow control assembly of claim 15, wherein said biasing member is a spring.
17. The flow control assembly of claim 15, wherein the sensor is a pressure transducer.
18. The flow control assembly of claim 15, wherein the sensor interfaces with the interior of the casing.
19. The flow control assembly of claim 15, wherein the sensor is positioned for measuring pressure at a point adjacent to the fluid inlet port.
20. The flow control assembly of claim 15, further comprising a piston stop.
21. The flow control assembly of claim 20, wherein said piston stop is a retaining cap that interfaces with said piston.
22. The flow control assembly of claim 15, further comprising a fluid stop.
23. The flow control assembly of claim 22, wherein said fluid stop is a rolling membrane.
24. The flow control assembly of claim 15, further comprising a tension seat.
25. The flow control assembly of claim 24, wherein said tension seat interfaces with said biasing member to adjust the force applied by said biasing member to said piston.
26. The flow control assembly of claim 24, wherein said tension seat interfaces with a valve housing.
27. The flow control assembly of claim 15, further comprising a piston seat.
28. The flow control assembly of claim 27, wherein said piston seat has rounded edges.
29. A flow control assembly having a casing, piston, and biasing member, further comprising a sensor for measuring the fluid pressure within the assembly.
30. A method for calculating the rate of flow in a flow control assembly having a fixed fluid inlet and a variable fluid outlet,
said method comprising:
measuring the fluid pressure at a position upstream to the fixed fluid inlet,
measuring the area of the fixed fluid inlet, and
measuring the fluid pressure at a position downstream of the fixed fluid inlet but upstream of the variable fluid outlet.