Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for decoding encoded voice data comprising:
a demodulator which demodulates said encoded voice data and which outputs a demodulated encoded voice data;
an adaptive differential pulse code modulation decoder which decodes said demodulated encoded voice data and which produces a pulse code modulation data;
an error detector which detects whether error is present in said encoded voice data and which outputs a detection result; and
a limiter which outputs either said pulse code modulation data or a limit data in accordance with said detection result.
2. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 1, wherein said limit data has an upper limit data and a lower limit data; and wherein said limiter comprises:
a first comparator which compares said pulse code modulation data and said upper limit data and which outputs a first comparison result;
a second comparator which compares said pulse code modulation data and said lower limit data and which outputs a second comparison result; and
a first output portion which outputs said pulse code modulation data, said upper limit data or said lower limit data in accordance with said detection result and said first and second comparison results.
3. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 2, wherein said first output portion comprises:
a first logic circuit which outputs a first logic circuit result having a first voltage level when both a voltage level of said first comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level;
a second logic circuit which outputs a second logic circuit result having said first voltage level when both a voltage level of said second comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level; and
a first selector which selects said upper limit data when said first logic circuit result having said first voltage level is input, said lower limit data when said second logic circuit result having said first voltage level is input or said pulse code modulation data when said first and second logic circuit results each not having said first voltage level is input.
4. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 1, wherein a format of said limit data is the absolute value; and wherein said limiter portion comprises:
a third comparator which compares a numerical value data of said pulse code modulation data and said limit data and which outputs a third comparison result; and
a second output portion which outputs said pulse code modulation data or said limit data in accordance with said detection result and said third comparison result.
5. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 4, wherein said second output portion comprises:
a third logic circuit which outputs a third logic circuit result having said first voltage level when both a voltage level of said third comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level;
a second selector which selects said limit data when said third logic circuit result having said first voltage level is input or said numerical value data when said third logic circuit result having said first voltage level is not input; and
a first combiner which combines a code data of said pulse code modulation data and said data selected by said second selector and which outputs a combined data.
6. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 4, wherein said second output portion comprises:
a third logic circuit which outputs a third logic circuit result having said first voltage level when both a voltage level of said third comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level;
a second combiner which combines a code data of said pulse code modulation data and said limit data and which outputs a combined limit data; and
a third selector which selects said combined limit data when said third logic circuit result having said first voltage level is input or said pulse code modulation data when said third logic circuit result not having said first voltage level is input.
7. An apparatus for decoding encoded voice data comprising:
a demodulator which demodulates said encoded voice data and which outputs a demodulated encoded voice data;
an adaptive differential pulse code modulation decoder which decodes said demodulated encoded voice data and which produces a pulse code modulation data;
an error detector which detects whether an error is present in said encoded voice data and which outputs a detection result;
a first threshold value setting portion which calculates a limit data based on said pulse code modulation data and which outputs said limit data; and
a limiter which outputs either said pulse code modulation data or a limit data in accordance with said detection result.
8. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 7, wherein said first threshold value setting portion comprises:
an average calculating portion which calculates an average value of a numerical value data of said pulse code modulation data and which outputs said average value; and
a latch portion which latches said average value and which outputs said stored average value based on a voltage level of a control signal.
9. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 8, wherein said average calculating portion comprises:
an accumulator which executes an addition of said numerical value data of said pulse code modulation data and a stored value, which replaces said stored value with an addition result and which outputs said addition result; and
a multiple portion which executes a multiple operation of said addition result and a coefficient.
10. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 7, wherein said apparatus further comprises:
a counter which counts the number of times that said pulse code modulation data is over said limit data and which outputs a count result having a first voltage level when said count result is over a predetermined value.
11. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 10, wherein said limit data has an upper limit data and a lower limit data; and wherein said limiter comprises:
a first comparator which compares said pulse code modulation data and said upper limit data and which outputs a first comparison result;
a second comparator which compares said pulse code modulation data and said lower limit value and which outputs a second comparison result; and
a fourth output portion which does not outputs said pulse code modulation data when said count result is input having said first voltage level.
12. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 11, wherein said fourth output portion comprises:
a first logic circuit which outputs a first logic circuit result having a first voltage level when both a voltage level of said first comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level;
a second logic circuit which outputs a second logic circuit result having said first voltage level when both a voltage level of said second comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level;
a first selector which selects said upper limit data when said first logic circuit result having said first voltage level is input, said lower limit data when said second logic circuit result having said first voltage level is input or said pulse code modulation data when said first and second logic circuit results each not having said first voltage level is input; and
a controller which does not output said data output by said first selector when said count result is input having said first voltage level.
13. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 10, wherein a format of said limit data is the absolute value; and wherein said limiter portion comprises:
a third comparator which compares a numerical value data of said pulse code modulation data and said limit data and which outputs a third comparison result; and
a fifth output portion which does not outputs said pulse code modulation data or said limit data when said count result is input having said first voltage level.
14. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 13, wherein said fifth output portion comprises:
a third logic circuit which outputs a third logic circuit result having said first voltage level when both a voltage level of said third comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level;
a second selector which selects said limit data when said third logic circuit result having said first voltage level is input or said numerical value data when said third logic circuit result having said first voltage level is not input;
a first combiner which combines a code data of said pulse code modulation data and said data selected by said second selector and which outputs a combined data; and
a controller which does not output said combined data output by said first combiner when said count result is input having said first voltage level.
15. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 13, wherein said fifth output portion comprises:
a third logic circuit which outputs a third logic circuit result having said first voltage level when both a voltage level of said third comparison result and of said detection result are said first voltage level;
a second combiner which combines a code data of said pulse code modulation data and said limit data and which outputs a combined limit data; and
a third selector which does not select said combined limit data and said pulse code modulation when said count result is input having said first voltage level.
16. An apparatus for decoding encoded voice data comprising:
a demodulator which demodulates said encoded voice data and which outputs a demodulated encoded voice data;
an adaptive differential pulse code modulation decoder which decodes said demodulated encoded voice data and which produces a pulse code modulation data;
an error detector which detects whether error is present in said encoded voice data and which outputs a detection result;
a second threshold value setting portion which calculates a limit data based on said pulse code modulation data produced at a term and which outputs said limit data, wherein said term is a term that a transmission error is not present in said encoded voice signal; and
a limiter which outputs either said pulse code modulation data or a limit data in accordance with said detection result.
17. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 16, wherein said second threshold value setting portion comprises:
an average calculating portion which calculates an average value of a numerical value data of said pulse code modulation data and which outputs said average value; and
a third output portion which stores said average value based on the voltage levels of a control signal and said detection result and which outputs a stored average value.
18. The apparatus for decoding encoded voice data according to claim 17, wherein said third output portion comprises:
a fourth logic circuit which outputs a fourth logic circuit result having said first voltage level when a voltage level of said control signal is said first voltage level and when a voltage level of said detection result is a second voltage level; and
a second latch portion which stores said average value based on a voltage level of said fourth logic circuit result and which outputs a stored average value.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A power-generating illumination device for a bicycle comprising at least one permanent magnet disposed onto wheel spokes so as to form a rotor, an induction coil assembly mounted onto a fork for forming a stator, such that during the rotation of the rotor, said induction coil assembly may be cut by magnetic lines of force to generate electrical energy for being outputted to a light-emitting unit, characterized in
between said induction coil assembly and said light-emitting unit is provided with a control unit at least including a wave detector, a wave filter, and a current limiting resistor so that said wave detector, said wave filter, and said current limiting resistor are connected together to form a loop.
2. The power-generating illumination device for the bicycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said induction coil assembly includes two distribution lines extended therefrom;
said wave detector is coupled with one distribution line;
said wave filter is connected between said wave detector and another distribution line;
said current limiting resistor is coupled to said wave detector so as to parallelly connect said wave filter;
said light-emitting unit is coupled between said current limiting resistor and said wave filter.
3. The power-generating illumination device for the bicycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control unit includes a flasher affixed between said current limiting resistor and said light-emitting unit.
4. The power-generating illumination device for the bicycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light-emitting unit is LED.
5. The power-generating and illuminating control device of the bicycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said current limiting resistor may be adjustable to control and maintain the brightness of said light-emitting unit.
6. The power-generating illumination device for the bicycle as claimed in claim 5, wherein said induction coil assembly includes two distribution lines extended therefrom;
said wave detector is coupled with one distribution line;
said wave filter is connected between said wave detector and another distribution line;
said current limiting resistor is coupled to said wave detector so as to parallelly connect said wave filter;
said light-emitting unit is coupled between said current limiting resistor and said wave filter.
7. The power-generating illumination device for the bicycle as claimed in claim 5, wherein said control unit includes a flasher affixed between said current limiting resistor and said light-emitting unit.
8. The power-generating illumination device for the bicycle as claimed in claim 5, wherein said light-emitting unit is LED.

1. A process for the preparation of alkylene diamine triacetic acid (derivatives) comprising converting an alkylene diamine (derivative) of the formula

8
wherein B is selected from an unsubstituted or substituted alkylene bridge and R is independently selected from H or (salts of) CH2COOH, CH2CN, or CH2CONH2, to a salt of an alkylene diamine triacetic acid (derivative) of the formula

9
in the presence of a polyvalent metal ion Ma, and the entire reaction being carried out under hydrolyzing conditions if any of the reactants contain or form nitrile or amide groups.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein B is an unsubstituted or substituted ethylene or propylene group.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the alkylene diamine (derivative) consists essentially of ethylene diamine.
4. The process according to claim 1, further comprising reacting the alkylene diamine (derivative) with formaldehyde and a cyanide source in the presence of the polyvalent metal ion under hydrolyzing conditions.
5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the reaction occurs at a pH above 10.
6. The process according to claim 1, further comprising reacting the alkylene diamine (derivative) with a compound selected from the group consisting of (salts of) CH2XCOOH, CH2XCN, CH2XCONH2, or mixtures thereof, with X being a halogen atom.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the polyvalent metal ion Ma is a divalent metal ion.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the divalent metal is a Group II metal, preferably calcium.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the polyvalent metal ion Ma is added to the alkylene diamine (derivative) in the form of a metal salt which is at least partly soluble in water.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the polyvalent metal Ma is added at least in an amount equimolar to the amount of alkylene diamine (derivative) applied in the process.
11. The process according to claim 1, further comprising a step of removing the polyvalent metal ion subsequent to the formation of the salt of the alkylene diamine triacetic acid (derivative).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cargo pallet, comprising:
a. a composite panel comprising a sandwich structure having:
i. an upper fabric skin layer with a resinous binder;
ii. a foam core;
iii. a lower fabric skin layer with a resinous binder; and
iv. a plurality of high modulus, solid reinforcing fibers extending completely through the panel, the high modulus fibers having a fiber modulus of more than 5,000,000 psi; and

b. a plurality of rails disposed around the circumference of the composite panel and connected thereto.
2. The pallet according to claim 1, wherein the top and bottom skin layers include fibers comprising at least one of: fiberglass, carbon, aramid, basalt, and Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene and hybrids thereof and the resin binder, the resin binder comprising at least one of epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, polyurethane, polyimide, phenolic, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate.
3. The pallet according to claim 3, wherein the bottom skin layer further comprises a wear resistant layer coated, sprayed or laminated thereto.
4. The pallet according to claim 1, wherein the foam core comprises at least one of polyurethane, vinyl, acrylic, and phenolic foam.
5. The pallet according to claim 1, wherein the foam core is a foam filled honeycomb.
6. The pallet according to claim 4, wherein the foam core comprises closed cells.
7. The pallet according to claim 4, wherein the foam core has a density of between 0.75 and 20 lbsft3.
8. The pallet according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing fibers comprise at least one of fiberglass, carbon, aramid, basalt, and Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene fibers.
9. The pallet according to claim 8, wherein the reinforcing fibers are arranged in the composite panel with a density of between about 0.25 and 16 fibers per square inch.
10. The pallet according to claim 9, wherein the reinforcing fibers form an angle of between about 30 degrees and about 90 degrees with respect to the surface of the lower skin layer.
11. The pallet according to claim 10, wherein the reinforcing fibers comprise first reinforcing fibers disposed perpendicular to the lower skin layer and second reinforcing fibers disposed oblique to the lower skin layer.
12. The pallet according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower fabric skin layers of the panel have portions that extend outwardly beyond the foam core, and the rails comprise a first arm and second arm configured to snap fit with the portions of the upper and lower fabric layer that extend outwardly beyond the core.
13. The pallet according to claim 1, wherein the rails comprise a first arm and a second arm;
and the composite panel further comprises an interface member, the interface member disposed adjacent to the periphery of the core and sandwiched between the upper skin layer and lower skin layer and including a pair of outwardly extending flanges; whereby the arms of the rails being configured to snap fit with the flanges of the interface, such that the rails are easily removable from the composite panel.
14. The pallet according to claim 13, wherein at least one of the first and second arms further comprises at least one of protrusions and recesses; and
the flanges of the interface member comprises at least one of protrusions and recesses;
wherein the snap fit comprises engagement of the respective projections and recesses.
15. The pallet according to claim 14 further comprising a rivet for assisting the connection between the respective rail and the interface layer.
16. The pallet according to claim 15, the rails further comprising an angled overhanging edge configured to compress the flanges of the interface member when the rail is fully engaged therewith.
17. The pallet according to claim 1, wherein the foam core comprises a fire resistant material that resists melting or burning up to 1500 degrees Fahrenheit.
18. An air cargo pallet, comprising:
a. a composite panel comprising a sandwich structure having:
i. an upper fabric skin layer with a resinous binder;
ii. a foam core;
iii. a lower fabric skin layer with a resinous binder;
iv. a plurality of high modulus, solid reinforcing fibers extending completely through the panel, the high modulus fibers having a fiber modulus of more than 5,000,000 psi; and
v. an interface member disposed around the periphery of the foam core and bonded between the upper skin layer and the lower skin layer; and

b. a plurality of rails disposed around the circumference of the composite panel, being snap fit with the interface member.
19. An air cargo pallet, comprising:
a. a composite panel comprising a sandwich structure having:
i. an upper skin layer having resin impregnated fibers;
ii. a foam core;
iii. a lower skin layer having resin impregnated fibers;
iv. a plurality of high modulus, solid reinforcing fibers extending through the lower skin layer, the foam core and the upper skin layer, the high modulus fibers having a fiber modulus of more than 5,000,000 psi; and
v. an interface member disposed around the periphery of the foam core and disposed between the upper skin layer and the lower skin layer; and

b. a plurality of metal rails snap fit with the interface member.