Author: claimsbot

1. A sensor for detecting a rotation angle as an electrical signal comprising:
permanent magnets whereof opposite poles are disposed facing each other, and
a flux density detecting unit which performs relative rotation between the permanent magnets, wherein:
the opposite magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets are formed in a curved shape.
2. The rotation angle sensor as defined in claim 1, wherein the opposite magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets are formed in a concave shape.
3. The rotation angle sensor as defined in claim 1, wherein the opposite magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets are formed in a convex shape.
4. The rotation angle sensor as defined in claim 1, wherein a pair of hall elements functioning as the flux density detecting unit are disposed on either side of a rotation centreline.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A process for preparing pyrogenic silica, comprising condensing the offgas from deposition of polycrystalline silicon from chlorosilane and hydrogen to form a condensed offgas fraction; fractionating the condensed offgas fraction in a distillation column, with a bottom fraction from the distillation column comprising a high boiler fraction containing 0.5-20% by weight of high-boiling chlorosilanes and 99.5-80% by weight of silicon tetrachloride, and evaporating at least a portion of the high boiler fraction to form a chlorosilane vapor, and feeding chlorosilane vapor thus obtained to a burner and reacting with air or oxygen and with hydrogen in a flame to give pyrogenic silica, and collecting the pyrogenic silica as a finely divided silica powder.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the high boiler fraction is distilled again in a downstream distillation step to separate further silicon tetrachloride before the high boilers are vaporized and fed to the burner.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein the high boiler fraction is reacted with chlorine before it is vaporized and fed to the burner.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein the reaction with chlorine is carried out under UV irradiation.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the high boiler fraction is reacted with chlorine before it is vaporized and fed to the burner.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the reaction with chlorine is carried out under UV irradiation.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein chlorosilane vapor and air or an oxygen-containing gas mixture are present in the burner in a volume ratio of from 0.06 to 0.18 and chlorosilane vapor and hydrogen are present in a volume ratio of from 0.25 to 0.60.
8. A pyrogenic silica produced by the process of claim 1, which has a specific surface area of 5-600 m2g, a pH of 3.8-4.5 and a boron content of less than 2 ppm.
9. The pyrogenic silica of claim 8, which has a boron content of less than 1.5 ppm and a total content of the trace metals iron, nickel, chromium, copper and zinc of less than 5 ppm.
10. The pyrogenic silica of claim 9, which has a total content of the trace metals iron, nickel, chromium, copper, and zinc of less than 0.5 ppm.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein the finely divided silica powder has a specific surface area of 5-600 m2g.
12. The process of claim 1, wherein the finely divided silica powder has a pH of 3.8-4.5.
13. The process of claim 1, wherein the finely divided silica powder has a boron content of less than 2 ppm.
14. The process of claim 1, wherein the finely divided silica powder has a specific surface area of about 200 m2g.
15. The process of claim 14, wherein the finely divided silica powder has a pH of from 3.8 to 4.5.

1. A chemical heat pump including an active substance and a volatile liquid that can be absorbed by the substance at a first temperature and be desorbed by the substance at a second higher temperature, including:
a reactor part containing the active substance and arranged to be heated and cooled by an external medium,
an evaporatorcondenser part containing the portion of the volatile liquid that exists in a condensed state, and arranged to be heated and cooled by an external medium, and
a channel for the vapour phase of the volatile liquid, the channel connecting the reactor part and the evaporatorcondenser part to each other,
characterized in that the reactor part includes
a vessel or a container having an area of a side wall arranged as a solar energy collector or having an area of a side wall in direct contact with a solar energy collector, and
a matrix for the active substance, said matrix being in contact with said side wall,
the active substance and the volatile liquid being selected, so that the active substance at the first temperature is in a solid state from which the active substance when absorbing volatile liquid in the vapour phase thereof at least partly changes to a liquid state or a solution phase, and the active substance at the second temperature is in a liquid state or exists in a solution phase, from which the active substance when releasing the volatile liquid, in particular the vapour phase thereof, changes at least partly to a solid state, and
wherein the active substance is held in the matrix at all times whether the active substance is in a solid state, a liquid state, or a solution phase, wherein the matrix comprises open pores, and cross-sectional dimensions of the pores are in a range of 10-60 um.
2. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical heat pump is arranged in a box with a separating wall for circulating the ambient air either around the reactor part or the evaporatorcondenser part.
3. A chemical heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that the box is open at two opposite sides, which are connected by the separating wall, the box being provided with a flap, which is articulated at a free edge of the separating wall and which can be opened forwards and backwards, allowing ambient air to cool surfaces of the reactor part or surfaces of the evaporatorcondenser part.
4. A chemical heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that the box has a front including a wall or a board transparent to solar radiation, so that solar radiation can penetrate into a front space towards a surface of the reactor part.
5. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1 characterized in that said side surface is a part of a cylindrical exterior wall of the reactor part, the reactor part enclosing the evaporatorcondenser part.
6. A chemical heat pump according to claim 5, characterized by an exterior heat exchanger, including an aluminum plate bent around the cylindrical exterior wall, which is in direct contact with the cylindrical exterior wall, at least a part of the exterior heat exchanger arranged as a solar energy collecting surface.
7. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporatorcondenser part at at least a portion of a surface includes a porous material, that is permeable to the volatile liquid, the matrix and the permeable material being arranged as concentric layers with a space existing therebetween, which forms the channel.
8. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1 characterized in that the matrix is of an inert material.
9. A chemical heat pump according to claim 8, characterized in that the inert material includes aluminum oxide.
10. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1 characterized in that the matrix is made from a material comprising pores which are permeable to the volatile liquid and in which the active substance is applied.
11. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1 characterized in that the matrix is made from a material having a surface to which the active substance in the liquid state can be bonded.
12. A chemical heat pump according to claim 11, characterized in that the material has a surface that is wet by the active substance in the liquid state thereof andor the volatile liquid in the liquid state thereof.
13. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1 characterized in that the matrix is made from a material comprising separate particles.
14. A chemical heat pump according to claim 13, characterized in that the material comprising separate particles is a powder or a compressed fibre material.
15. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1 characterized in that the matrix together with the active substance held therein is enclosed in a restricting structure.
16. A chemical heat pump according to claim 15, characterized in that the restricting structure includes a net device comprising at least a net or a cloth of a fibre material.
17. A chemical heat pump according to claim 1 characterized in that the evaporatorcondenser part at at least a portion of the surface of a heat exchanger includes a porous material that is permeable to the volatile liquid.
18. A chemical heat pump according to claim 17, characterized in that the porous material that is permeable to the volatile liquid in the liquid andor gas state thereof is of an inert material.
19. A chemical heat pump according to claim 18, characterized in that the inert material in includes aluminum oxide.
20. A chemical heat pump according to claim 17, characterized in that the porous material that is permeable to the volatile liquid in the liquid andor gas state thereof is made from a material comprising pores which are permeable to the volatile liquid in the liquid andor gas state thereof.
21. A chemical heat pump according to claim 17, characterized in that the material has a surface to which the active substance in the liquid state can be bonded.
22. A chemical heat pump according to claim 21, characterized in that the material has a surface that is wet by the active substance in the liquid state thereof andor the volatile liquid in the liquid state thereof.
23. A chemical heat pump according to claim 17, characterized in that the porous material that is permeable to the volatile liquid in the liquid andor gas state thereof is made from a material comprising separate particles.
24. A chemical heat pump according to claim 23, characterized in that the material comprising separate particles is a powder or a compressed fibre material.
25. A chemical heat pump according to claim 17, characterized in that the porous material that is permeable to the volatile liquid in the liquid andor gas state thereof has the shape of a layer of material applied to a surface.
26. A chemical heat pump according to claim 17, characterized in that the porous material that is permeable to the volatile liquid in the liquid andor gas state thereof is enclosed in a restricting structure.
27. A chemical heat pump according to claim 26, characterized in that the restricting structure includes a net device comprising at least a net or a cloth of a fibre material.
28. A chemical heat pump including an active substance and a volatile liquid that can be absorbed by the substance at a first temperature and desorbed by the substance at a second higher temperature, the active substance having at the first temperature a solid state from which the active substance when absorbing volatile liquid and the vapour phase thereof immediately or directly partly changes partially to a liquid state or a solution phase and at the second temperature has a liquid state or exists in a solution phase, from which the active substance when releasing, the volatile liquid, in particular the vapour phase thereof, directly changes partly to a solid state, including:
a reactor part containing, the active substance and arranged to be heated and cooled by an external medium,
an evaporatorcondenser part containing the portion of the volatile liquid that exists in a condensed state, and arranged to be heated and cooled by an external medium, and
a channel for the vapour phase of the volatile liquid, the channel connecting the reactor part and the evaporatorcondenser part to each other,
characterized in
wherein the reactor part includes a matrix for the active substance and the active substance is held in the matrix at all times whether the active substance is in a solid state, a liquid state, or a solution phase, wherein the matrix comprises open pores, and cross-sectional dimensions of the pores are in a range of 10-60 um and
in the evaporatorcondenser part at at least at one portion of the surface of a heat exchanger includes a porous material, that is permeable to the volatile liquid, the matrix and the permeable material being arranged as concentric layers with a space existing therebetween, which forms the channel.
29. A chemical heat pump according to claim 28, characterized by an outer glass tube and an inner glass tube, which are concentrically arranged and between which a vacuum tight space exists, in which the matrix and the permeable material are applied.
30. A chemical heat pump according to claim 29, characterized in that the matrix is arranged as a layer directly inside the outer glass tube.
31. A chemical heat pump according to claim 29, characterized in that the permeable material is arranged radially as a layer radially directly outside the inner glass tube.
32. A chemical heat pump according to claim 29, characterized by an exterior heat exchanger arranged in direct contact with the outside of the outer glass tube, in particular a heat exchanger including a pipe conduit andor a flange heat exchanger.
33. A chemical heat pump according to claim 29, characterized by an interior heat exchanger arranged in direct contact with the radially inner side of the inner glass tube, in particular a heat exchanger including a pipe conduit andor a flange heat exchanger.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An intelligent switching method for a browser kernel, the browser kernel at least comprising a first browser kernel unsupportive to a first page markup language and a second browser kernel supportive to the first page markup language and unsupportive to a second page markup language, comprising:
determining which one of the first browser kernel and the second browser kernel is a currently used browser kernel by a mobile terminal;
in response to determining that the currently used browser kernel is the first browser kernel, determining whether or not a webpage accessed by the mobile terminal adopts the first page markup language;
in response to determining that the webpage adopts the first page markup language, switching to the second browser kernel for processing and opening the page using the second browser kernel;
in response to determining that the currently used browser kernel is the second browser kernel, determining whether the webpage adopts the second page markup language; and
in response to determining that the webpage adopts the second page markup language, transferring an access via a cloud server or determining, by the cloud server, whether or not to switch to the first browser kernel for processing.
2. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 1, wherein the first browser kernel is a self-contained browser kernel of an operating system of the mobile terminal, and the second browser kernel is a third-party browser kernel.
3. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 2, wherein the first browser kernel is a webkit kernel, and the first page markup language is wml.
4. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 2, wherein the second page markup language is html.
5. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 1, wherein a white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel is configured in the mobile terminal, whether or not a web address opened by the user is on the white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel is determined before the browser kernel currently used by the user of the mobile terminal is recognized, and the page is forcedly parsed using the second browser kernel if the web address opened by the user is on the white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel.
6. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 5, wherein before the browser kernel currently used by the user of the mobile terminal is recognized, if white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel is not configured in the mobile terminal or the web address opened by the user is not on the white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel, then whether or not a mandatory kernel parse command is carried in the web address opened by the user is determined, and if a mandatory kernel parse command is carried in the web address opened by the user, the page is forcedly parsed using a corresponding browser kernel.
7. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 1, wherein a screen fitting white list is configured in the mobile terminal, in the case where the first browser kernel is used, if the second page markup language is not adopted by the webpage opened by the user, then whether or not the web address opened by the user is on the screen fitting white list is determined, if so, the page is forcedly parsed using the second browser kernel, otherwise, the page is opened using the first browser kernel.
8. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 1, wherein a first browser kernel white list is configured in the mobile terminal, in the case where the second browser kernel is used, whether or not the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list is determined, regardless of whether or not the first page markup language is adopted by the webpage opened by the user, if the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list, the page is forcedly parsed using the first browser kernel.
9. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 1, wherein a first browser kernel white list is configured in the cloud server, whether or not the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list is determined when an access is transferred by the cloud server, and if the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list, the mobile terminal is required to forcedly parse the page using the first browser kernel.
10. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 9, wherein if no first browser kernel white list is configured in the cloud server or the web address opened by the user is not on the first browser kernel white list of the cloud server, then it is determined whether or not a page feature requiring to be presented using the first browser kernel is contained in the page opened by the user, and if a page feature requiring to be presented using the first browser kernel is contained in the page opened by the user, the mobile terminal is required to forcedly parse the page using the first browser kernel.
11. The intelligent switching method for a browser kernel according to claim 1, wherein a network environment is determined when the page is opened using the first browser kernel or the second browser kernel, if the first browser kernel is used and the network environment is 2G, then the user is prompted to use the second browser kernel; and if the second browser kernel is used and the network environment is 3G or WIFI, the user is prompted to use the first browser kernel.
12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium on which processor-executable program codes are stored, wherein the program codes, when executed, cause a processor to:
determine which one of a first browser kernel and a second browser kernel the browser kernel currently used by a user of a mobile terminal is;
determine whether or not a webpage opened by the user adopts a first page markup language if the currently used browser kernel is the first browser kernel, if so, switch to the second browser kernel for processing; and
determine whether or not the webpage opened by the user adopts a second page markup language if the currently used browser kernel is the second browser kernel, if so, transfer an access via a cloud server or enable the cloud server to determine whether or not to switch to the first browser kernel for processing; otherwise, open a page using the second browser kernel, wherein
the browser kernel at least includes the first browser kernel unsupportive to the first page markup language and the second browser kernel supportive to the first page markup language but unsupportive to the second page markup language.
13. An intelligent switching system for a browser kernel, comprising:
an intelligent client kernel control module configured in a mobile terminal to:
determine which one of a first browser kernel and a second browser kernel is a currently used browser kernel by a mobile terminal, wherein the first browser kernel unsupportive to a first page markup language and the second browser kernel supportive to the first page markup language and unsupportive to a second page markup language;
in response to determining that the currently used browser kernel is the first browser kernel, determining whether or not a webpage accessed by the mobile terminal adopts the first page markup language;
in response to determining that the webpage adopts the first page markup language, switching to the second browser kernel for processing and opening the page using the second browser kernel;
in response to determining that the currently used browser kernel is the second browser kernel, determining whether the webpage adopts the second page markup language; and
in response to determining that the webpage adopts the second page markup language, transferring an access via a cloud server;

a cloud intelligent recognition and kernel control module located at the cloud server terminal to transfer an access to the second page markup language and determine whether or not to switch to the first browser kernel for processing; and
a background kernel control module located in a background server to configure a white list related to each kernel.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the first browser kernel is a self-contained browser kernel of an operating system of the mobile terminal, and the second browser kernel is a third-party browser kernel.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the first browser kernel is a webkit kernel, and the first page markup language is wml.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second page markup language is html.
17. The system of claim 13, wherein:
a white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel is configured in the mobile terminal;
the intelligent client kernel control module is further configured to:
determine whether or not a web address opened by the user is on the white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel before the browser kernel currently used by the user of the mobile terminal is recognized; and
forcedly parse the page using the second browser kernel if the web address opened by the user is on the white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the intelligent client kernel control module is further configured to:
before the browser kernel currently used by the user of the mobile terminal is recognized, if white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel is not configured in the mobile terminal or the web address opened by the user is not on the white list of mandatory direct connections of the second browser kernel, determine whether or not a mandatory kernel parse command is carried in the web address opened by the use; and
if a mandatory kernel parse command is carried in the web address opened by the user, forcedly parse the page using a corresponding browser kernel.
19. The system of claim 13, wherein:
a screen fitting white list is configured in the mobile terminal;
the intelligent client kernel control module is further configured to:
in the case where the first browser kernel is used, if the second page markup language is not adopted by the webpage opened by the user, determine whether or not the web address opened by the user is on the screen fitting white list; and
in response to determining that the web address opened by the user is on the screen fitting white list, forcedly parse the page using the second browser kernel;
in response to determining that the web address opened by the user fails to be on the screen fitting white list, open the page using the first browser kernel.
20. The system of claim 13, wherein:
a first browser kernel white list is configured in the mobile terminal, in the case where the second browser kernel is used; and
the intelligent client kernel control module is further configured to:
whether or not the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list is determined, regardless of whether or not the first page markup language is adopted by the webpage opened by the user, if the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list, forcedly parse the page using the first browser kernel.
21. The system of claim 13, wherein:
a first browser kernel white list is configured in the cloud server; and
the intelligent client kernel control module is further configured to:
whether or not the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list is determined when an access is transferred by the cloud server, and if the web address opened by the user is on the first browser kernel white list, forcedly parse the page using the first browser kernel.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the intelligent client kernel control module is further configured to:
if no first browser kernel white list is configured in the cloud server or the web address opened by the user is not on the first browser kernel white list of the cloud server, determine whether or not a page feature requiring to be presented using the first browser kernel is contained in the page opened by the user; and
in response to determining that the page feature requiring to be presented using the first browser kernel is contained in the page opened by the user, forcedly parse the page using the first browser kernel.
23. The system of claim 13, wherein the intelligent client kernel control module is further configured to:
determine a network environment when the page is opened using the first browser kernel or the second browser kernel;
if the first browser kernel is used and the network environment is 2G, then prompt the user to use the second browser kernel; and
if the second browser kernel is used and the network environment is 3G or WIFI, prompt the user to use the first browser kernel.