Author: claimsbot

1-16. (canceled)
17. Process for preparing a compound or mixture of compounds conforming to the formula I\u2032
which process comprises
reacting an educt or mixture of educts selected from compounds of the formula I\u2033
with an amine of the formula IX
H\u2014NR\u20322R\u20323\u2003\u2003(IX)

wherein
A and A\u2032 independently are H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkynyl, OR45, NR46R47 or SR48, or are of formula II, III or IV;
the residues A\u2033 independently are as defined for A and A\u2032 except that formula IV is replaced by formula IV\u2032;
R\u20321 is H, C1-C20alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C1-C18alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, vinylphenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, OH, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, C1-C18alkyl-phenoxy, phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkoxy, C7-C15bicycloalkyl-alkoxy, C7-C15bicycloalkenyl-alkoxy or C6-C15tricycloalkoxy; or R\u20321 is C5-C12cycloalkyl which is substituted by OH, C1-C4alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl or \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5; or R\u20321 is \u2014CO\u2014R9, \u2014SO2\u2014R10 or C3-C50alkyl which is interrupted by one or more oxygen or \u2014NR7\u2014 groups orand is substituted by OH, phenoxy or C7-C18alkylphenoxy;
R\u20322 and R\u20323 are independently from each other hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, OH, NH2, OR10, NHR10, C1-C18alkyl substituted with phenyl, vinylphenyl, OH, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, C1-C18alkylthio, phenylthio, phenylthio substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkylthio, \u2014COOH, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, phenoxy substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkyl-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl-alkoxy or C6-C15-tricycloalkoxy andor interrupted by \u2014S\u2014, \u2014SO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014CR54\u2550CR55; or R\u20322 and R\u20323 together form a C3-C9alkylene which may be interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 andor substituted by OH or C6-C10aryl;
R4 is C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C3-C50alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 and which may be substituted by OH, phenoxy or C7-C18alkylphenoxy; or is C2-C12hydroxyalkyl;
R5 is C1-C18alkyl, C1-C18alkyl substituted by COOH or COOR4; C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkenyl substituted by COOH or COOR4; C5-C12cycloalkyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C7-C11alkylphenyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C6-C15tricycloalkyl;
R6 is C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl;
R\u20326 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl;
R7 and R8 are independently phenyl, C1-C12alkyl, C7-C13aralkyl, C7-C13alkylaryl, C3-C12alkoxyalkyl, C4-C16dialkylaminoalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl; or, when bonding to the same nitrogen atom, together form a C3-C9alkylene or C3-C9alkylene which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR\u20326\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 or phenylene andor which is substituted by oxo, OH or C6-C10aryl;
R9 is C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C6-C15-bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl-alkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C7-C15tricycloalkyl;
R10 is C1-C12alkyl, phenyl, naphtyl or C7-C14alkylphenyl;
R\u20321 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C6alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, C7-C11-phenylalkyl;
C7-C14alkylphenyl, halogen or C1-C18alkoxy;
R41 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, OH, NH2, NHR7, NR7, SR\u20321, halogen, COOH, COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014OR6, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R8, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SOR11, NO2 or CN;
R42 and R43 are independently from each other H, C1-C18alkyl, C1-C18alkoxy, C3-C18alkyl or C3-C18alkoxy interrupted by O andor substituted by OH; C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by C1-C18alkoxy, vinylphenyl, OH, OR49, NR\u20322R\u20323, COOH, COOR4, O(C\u2550O)\u2014R5, O(C\u2550O)\u2014OR6, SO2OR4, SO2R10, SOR11, CN or NO2; or R42 and R43 are C1-C20alkoxy, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C7-C11alkylphenyl, SR1, halogen, COOH, COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014OR %, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R8, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SO\u2014R11 or NO2; or R42 and R43 together form a C3-C5 alkenylene chain containing one or two double bonds or said alkenylene chain substituted by C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C18alkyl or NR7R8;
R44 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, OH, OR49, NR7R8, SR1, halogen, COOH, COOR4, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R %, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SO\u2014R11, NO2 or CN;
R45 and R48 are independently from each other hydrogen, C1-C18alkyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11 phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, \u2014CH2CH(OR50)R51 or \u2014CH2CH(OR52)CHOR5;
R46 and R47 are independently from each other hydrogen, C1-C18-alkyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, CH2CH(OR50)R51 or CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50; or R46R47 together form a C3-C9 alkylene which may be interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 andor substituted by OH or C6-C10 aryl;
R49 is C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, \u2014CH2CH(OR50)R51, \u2014CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50 or \u2014COR5;
R50 and R52 are independently from each other H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C1-C4alkyl-cyclohexyl, C6-C14aryl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C7-C14alkylphenyl;
R51 is C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C1-C4alkyl-cyclohexyl, C6-C14aryl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C14alkylphenyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C6-C15tricycloalkyl;
R53 is H or OH or is OR\u2032, where R\u20321 is as defined above;
R54 and R55 are independently from each other H, C6-C18aryl, C6-C18aryl which is substituted by C1-C18alkyl or C1-C18alkoxy; C1-C18alkyl or C3-C18alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014; and
X is chloro or fluoro.
18. Process of claim 17, wherein X is fluoro, and which is carried out in the presence of a polar solvent.
19. Process of claim 17, wherein the amine of the formula IX is a secondary amine or is used in an amount from 1 to 20 molar equivalents per equivalent X in the triazine educt of the formula I\u2033.
20. Compound of the formula I
wherein
A is H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkynyl, OR45, NR46R47 or SR48; or is a group of the formulae (II), (III) or (IV)
where
each of R1 independently is phenyl, C1-C18alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, vinylphenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, OH, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, C1-C18alkyl-phenoxy, phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkoxy, C7-C15bicycloalkyl-alkoxy, C7-C15bicycloalkenyl-alkoxy or C6-C15tricycloalkoxy; or R1 is C5-C12cycloalkyl which is substituted by OH, C1-C4alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl or \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5; or R1 is \u2014CO\u2014R9, \u2014SO2\u2014R10 or C3-C50alkyl which is interrupted by one or more oxygen or NR7, orand which is substituted by OH, phenoxy or C7-C18alkylphenoxy;
and if R53 is OH, andor one of R2 and R3 or both R2 and R3 are other than hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, \u2014C\u2550O\u2014R5, C\u2550OOR6 or \u2014C\u2550O\u2014NH\u2014R30, then R1 may also be H, C1-C20alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl or C3-C18alkenyl;
R2 and R3 are independently of each other hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C6-C14aryl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C7-C13aralkyl, C7-C13alkylaryl, OH, NH2, OR10, NHR10, C1-C18alkyl substituted with phenyl, vinylphenyl, OH, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, C1-C18alkylthio, phenylthio, phenylthio substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkylthio, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, phenoxy substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkyl-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl-alkoxy or C6-C15-tricycloalkoxy andor interrupted by \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCOO\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014SO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014, \u2014SiR56R57\u2014, \u2014POR58\u2014 or \u2014CR54\u2550CR55; or R2 and R3 are independently of each other \u2014C\u2550O\u2014R5, \u2014C\u2550OOR6, C\u2550O\u2014C\u2550OOR6, \u2014C\u2550O\u2014NH\u2014R30, \u2014C\u2550ONR3OR31, SO2R10 or SOR11; or R2 and R3 together form a C3-C9alkylene which may be interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 or phenylene andor which may be substituted by oxo, OH or C6-C10aryl;
R4 is C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C3-C50alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 and which may be substituted by OH, phenoxy or C7-C18alkylphenoxy; or is C2-C12hydroxyalkyl;
R5 is C1-C18alkyl, C1-C18alkyl substituted by COOH or COOR4; C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkenyl substituted by COOH or COOR4; C5-C12cycloalkyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C7-C11alkylphenyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C6-C15tricycloalkyl;
R6 is C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl;
R\u20326 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl;
R7 and R8 are independently phenyl, C1-C12alkyl, C7-C13aralkyl, C7-C13alkylaryl, C3-C12alkoxyalkyl, C4-C16dialkylaminoalkyl, or C5-C12cycloalkyl; or, when bonding to the same nitrogen atom, together may form a C3-C9alkylene or C3-C9alkylene which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR\u20326\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 or phenylene andor which is substituted by oxo, OH or C6-C10aryl;
R9 is C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C6-C15-bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl-alkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C7-C15tricycloalkyl;
R10 is C1-C12alkyl, phenyl, naphtyl or C7-C14alkylphenyl;
R\u20321 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C6alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, C7-C11-phenylalkyl, C7-C14alkylphenyl, halogen or C1-C18alkoxy;
R30, R31 are independently C1-C12 alkyl or phenyl; or together, if attached to the same atom, are C3-C9alkylene or C3-C9alkylene which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 andor which is substituted by OH or C6-C10aryl;
R41 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, OH, NH2, NHR7, NR7R8, SR1, halogen, COOH, COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014OR6, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R8, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SOR11, NO2 or CN;
R42 and R43 are independently from each other H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by C1-C18alkoxy, vinylphenyl, OH, OR49, NR2R3, COOH, COOR4, O(C\u2550O)\u2014R5, O(C\u2550O)\u2014OR6, SO2OR4, SO2R10, SOR11, CN or NO2; or R42 and R43 are C1-C20alkoxy, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, SR1, halogen, COOH, COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014OR8, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R8, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SO\u2014R11 or NO2; or R42 and R43 together form a C3-C5 alkenylene chain containing one or two double bonds, or said alkenylene chain substituted by C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C18alkyl or NR7R8;
R44 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, OH, OR49, NR7R8, SR1, halogen, COOH, COOR4, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R8, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SO\u2014R11, NO2 or CN;
R45 and R48 are independently of each other hydrogen, C1-C18alkyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, \u2014CH2CH(OR50)R51 or \u2014CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50;
R46 and R47 are independently from each other hydrogen, C1-C18-alkyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C7-C11alkylphenyl, CH2CH(OR50)R51, CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50; or R46 and R47 together form a C3-C9 alkylene which may be interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 andor which may be substituted by OH or C6-C10 aryl;
R49 is C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, \u2014CH2CH(OR50)R51, \u2014CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50 or \u2014COR5;
R50 and R52 are independently of each other H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C1-C4alkyl-cyclohexyl, C6-C14aryl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C7-C14alkylphenyl;
R51 is C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C1-C4alkyl-cyclohexyl, C6-C14aryl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C14alkylphenyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C6-C15tricycloalkyl;
R53 is H or OH; or is OR1 where R1 is as defined above;
R54 and R55 are independently of each other H, C6-C18aryl, C6-C18aryl which is substituted by C1-C18alkyl or C1-C18alkoxy; C1-C18alkyl or C3-C18alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014; and
R56, R57 and R58 independently are C6-C18aryl; C6-C18aryl which is substituted by C1-C18alkyl or C1-C18alkoxy; C1-C18alkyl or C3-C18alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014.
21. Compound of claim 20 conforming to the formula
wherein
R1 is H, C1-C20alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C3-C18alkenyl or C1-C18alkyl which is substituted by C5-C12cycloalkyl, OH, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, C1-C18alkyl-phenoxy or phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy;
or to the formula
wherein
R1 is C1-C18alkyl which is substituted by C5-C12cycloalkyl, OH, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, C1-C18alkyl-phenoxy or phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy.
22. A composition comprising A) an organic material and B) as stabilizer against damage by light, oxygen andor heat at least one compound of the formula I according to claim 20.
23. A composition according to claim 22, in which component A) is a synthetic organic polymer or a recording material or a cosmetic preparation, and component B) is contained therein in an amount from 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of component A).
24. A composition according to claim 22, in which component A) is a coating binder or a cured coating, characterized in that an electro coat, which is in direct contact with a metal substrate, is directly covered by one or more layers based on a coating binder, and optionally a crosslinker, where at least one of said layers contains component B).
25. A composition according to claim 22 comprising in addition to components A) and B) at least one further additive selected from antioxidants, phosphites or phosphonites, further processing stabilizers, fillers, clarifiers, modifiers, acid scavengers, flame retardants, sterically hindered amines and further light stabilizers.
26. Process for stabilizing an organic material against damage by light, oxygen andor heat, which process comprises addition or incorporation of at least one compound of the formula I according to claim 20 to said material.
27. An optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer, said recording layer comprising a compound of the formula X
wherein
A and A\u2032 independently are a residue of one of the formulae II\u2032 or IV
wherein
R\u20321 is H, C1-C20alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C1-C18alkyl which is substituted by phenyl, vinylphenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, OH, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, C1-C18alkyl-phenoxy, phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkoxy, C7-C15bicycloalkyl-alkoxy, C7-C15bicycloalkenyl-alkoxy or C6-C15tricycloalkoxy; or R\u20321 is C5-C12cycloalkyl which is substituted by OH, C1-C4alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl or \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5; or R\u20321 is \u2014CO\u2014R9, \u2014SO2\u2014R10 or C3-C50alkyl which is interrupted by one or more oxygen or NR7, orand which is substituted by OH, phenoxy or C7-C18alkylphenoxy;
R\u20322 is hydrogen;
R\u20323 is hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C6-C14aryl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C7-C13aralkyl, C7-C13alkylaryl, OH, NH2, OR4, NHR4, NR4R\u20324, \u2014N\u2550C(R\u20324)R4, \u2014N\u2550CH\u2014R4, C1-C18alkyl substituted with phenyl, Mec, \u2014CO-Mec, vinylphenyl, OH, \u2550O, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, C1-C18alkylthio, phenylthio, \u2014S-Mec, phenylthio substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkylthio, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, \u2014O-Mec, phenoxy substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkyl-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl-alkoxy or C6-C15-tricycloalkoxy andor interrupted by \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCOO\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014SO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014, \u2014SiR56R57\u2014, \u2014POR58\u2014 or \u2014CR54\u2550CR55; or R\u20323 is \u2014C\u2550O\u2014R5, \u2014C\u2550OOR6, C\u2550O\u2014C\u2550OOR6, \u2014C\u2550O\u2014NH\u2014R30, \u2014C\u2550ONR3OR31, SO2R10 or SOR11;
Mec is metallocenyl or metallocenylmethyl;
R4 and R\u20324 independently are C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C3-C50alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014, andor which can be substituted by OH, phenoxy or C7-C18alkylphenoxy or Mec; or is C2-C12hydroxyalkyl;
R5 is H, C1-C18alkyl, Mec, C1-C18alkyl substituted by COOH or COOR4; C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkenyl substituted by COOH or COOR4; C5-C12cycloalkyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C7-C11alkylphenyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C6-C15tricycloalkyl;
R6 is C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl;
R\u20326 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl;
R7 and R8 are independently phenyl, C1-C12alkyl, C7-C13aralkyl, C7-C13alkylaryl, C3-C12alkoxyalkyl, C4-C16dialkylaminoalkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl; or together form a C3-C9alkylene or C3-C9alkylene which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR\u20326\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 andor which is substituted by OH or C6-C10aryl;
R9 is C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C6-C15-bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl-alkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl, or C7-C15tricycloalkyl;
R10 is C1-C12alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or C7-C14alkylphenyl;
R11 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C6alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, C7-C11-phenylalkyl, C7-C14alkylphenyl, halogen or C1-C18alkoxy;
R30 and R31 are independently C1-C12alkyl or phenyl; or together, if attached to the same atom, are C3-C9alkylene or C3-C9alkylene which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 andor which is substituted by OH or C6-C10aryl;
R41 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, OH, NH2, NHR7, NR7R8, SR1, halogen, COOH, COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014OR6, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R8, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SOR11 or NO2;
R44 is H, C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, OH, OR49, NR7R8, SR1, halogen, COOH, COOR4, CONH2, CONHR7, CONR7R8, COR9, SO2\u2014OR4, SO2R10, SO\u2014R11 or NO2;
R45 and R48 are independently from each other hydrogen, C1-C18alkyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11 phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, \u2014CH2CH(OR50)R51 or \u2014CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50;
R46 and R47 are independently from each other hydrogen, C1-C18-alkyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, CH2CH(OR50)R51 or CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50; or R46 and R47 together form a C3-C9 alkylene which may be interrupted by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014 or \u2014S\u2014 andor which may be substituted by OH or C6-C10aryl;
R49 is C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C11alkylphenyl, \u2014CH2CH(OR50)R51, \u2014CH2CH(OR52)CHOR50 or \u2014COR5,
R50 and R52 are independently from each other H, C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C1-C4alkyl-cyclohexyl, C6-C14aryl, C7-C11phenylalkyl or C7-C14alkylphenyl;
R51 is C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C1-C4alkyl-cyclohexyl, C6-C14aryl, C7-C11phenylalkyl, C7-C14alkylphenyl, C6-C15bicycloalkyl, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl or C6-C15tricycloalkyl;
R54 and R55 are independently from each other H, C6-C18aryl, C6-C18aryl which is substituted by C1-C18alkyl or C1-C18alkoxy; C1-C18alkyl or C1-C18alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014; and
R56, R57 and R58 independently are C6-C18aryl, C6-C18aryl which is substituted by C1-C18alkyl or C1-C18alkoxy; C1-C18alkyl or C3-C18alkyl which is interrupted by \u2014O\u2014.
28. Compound of the formula X according to claim 27, wherein
R\u20323 is C1-C20alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, phenyl, C4-C12cycloalkyl, C7-C13phenylalkyl, C7-C13alkylphenyl, OH, NH2, OR4, NHR4, NR4R\u20324, \u2014N\u2550C(R\u20324)R4, \u2014N\u2550CH\u2014R4, C1-C18alkyl substituted with phenyl, Mec, \u2014CO-Mec, vinylphenyl, OH, \u2550O, C1-C18alkoxy, C5-C12cycloalkoxy, C3-C18alkenyloxy, C1-C18alkylthio, phenylthio, \u2014S-Mec, phenylthio substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkylthio, halogen, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR4, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R5, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014R6, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHR7, \u2014CO\u2014N(R7)(R8), CN, NH2, NHR7, \u2014N(R7)(R8), \u2014NH\u2014CO\u2014R5, phenoxy, \u2014O-Mec, phenoxy substituted by C1-C18alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkyl-alkoxy, C6-C15bicycloalkenyl-alkoxy or C6-C15-tricycloalkoxy andor interrupted by \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCOO\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014SO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR7\u2014, \u2014SiR56R57\u2014, \u2014POR58\u2014 or \u2014CR54\u2550CR55; or R\u20323 is \u2014C\u2550O\u2014R5, \u2014C\u2550OOR6, C\u2550O\u2014C\u2550OOR6, \u2014C\u2550O\u2014NH\u2014R30, \u2014C\u2550ONR3OR31, SO2R10 or SOR11.
29. Method of writing or reading digital information in a recording layer by means of laser radiation of wavelength of less than 450 nm, characterized in that the recording layer comprises a compound of the formula X according to claim 27 as recording dye.
30. A compound of the formula V according to claim 17
wherein
D is a group of of formula II\u2032, III or IV\u2033;
E is chloro or a group of the formula II\u2033 and
R\u20331 is as defined for R\u20321.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving an installation request for a digital subscriber line;
determining performance data associated with one or more active digital subscriber lines that are located near an installation location of the digital subscriber line;
comparing the performance data to installation criteria; and
sending an installation notice to an installer, wherein the installation notice includes a special installation instruction when the performance data satisfies at least one installation criterion of the installation criteria.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining installed characteristics of the digital subscriber line based on the installation request; and
comparing the installed characteristics to the installation criteria;
wherein the installation notice is sent when the installed characteristics satisfy at least one installation criterion of the installation criteria.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the installed characteristics include a loop length.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the performance data comprises accessing a database of performance data associated with the one or more active digital subscriber lines.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the installation notice includes a warning to expect loop quality issues when the loop length is over about 2000 feet.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the performance data satisfy the at least one installation criterion when bit loading of the one or more active digital subscriber lines indicates overutilization of a particular portion of a communication frequency range of the one or more active digital subscriber lines.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the special installation instruction includes an instruction to take a particular piece of equipment to the installation location of the digital subscriber line when the digital subscriber line is installed.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the special installation instruction includes an instruction to perform particular testing at the installation location of the digital subscriber line.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the special installation instruction includes an instruction to use a high pass filter at the installation location.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the performance data includes an indication when a particular digital subscriber line of the one or more active digital subscriber lines includes a high pass filter.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the performance data include an indication of amplitude modulated (AM) broadcast interference with bit loading of the one or more active digital subscriber lines.
12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the performance data include a profile associated with amplitude modulated (AM) broadcast interference in a low frequency portion of a digital subscriber line spectrum.
13. A system comprising:
a processor; and
a processor-readable storage medium coupled to the processor, wherein the processor-readable storage medium includes instructions executable by the processor to:
receive an installation request for a digital subscriber line;
determine performance data associated with one or more active digital subscriber lines located near an installation location of the digital subscriber line;
determine an estimated loop length of the first digital subscriber line; and
provide a special notice to an installer when at least one of the performance data indicate amplitude modulated (AM) broadcast interference in a low frequency portion of the one or more active digital subscriber lines, use of high pass filtering measures on the one or more active digital subscriber lines, and the estimated loop length satisfies a threshold.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the notice comprises instructions to use high pass filters on in-house ports connected to customer premises equipment when the digital subscriber line is installed.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor-readable storage medium further includes instructions to send a notice to an engineering unit to change a placement of a video remote access device (VRAD).
16. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor-readable storage medium further includes instructions to send a notice to an engineering unit to adjust a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM).
17. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor-readable storage medium further includes instructions to send a notice to an engineering unit to change a placement of an outside cable plant.
18. The system of claim 13, wherein the threshold is about 2000 feet.
19. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising:
operational instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to receive an installation request for a new digital subscriber line;
operational instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine whether active digital subscriber lines located near an installation location of the new digital subscriber line have low frequency impairments; and
operational instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to provide a notice to an installer of the new digital subscriber line to use high pass filters on in-house ports connected to customer premises equipment when the active digital subscriber lines have low frequency impairments.
20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, further comprising operational instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to send a recommendation to an engineering unit to change a loop length for the new digital subscriber line when the loop length is over a threshold.

1. A wooden joist comprising:
a wooden top chord;
a wooden bottom chord;
a main section comprising at least one of wooden boards and wooden webs adhesively connected to the wooden top chord and to the wooden bottom chord to form at least one of an I-joist subsection and an open-joist subsection along the main section of the wooden joist;
an end configuration at least one end of the main section, comprising:
a wooden post extending generally perpendicularly between the wooden top chord and the wooden bottom chord and being adjacent to the main section;
a wooden diagonal web in direct contact with and extending diagonally from the wooden top chord to the wooden bottom chord;
a first set of metal plates in alignment on opposed sides of the wooden joist to connect the wooden top chord to the diagonal web;
a second set of metal plates in alignment on opposed sides of the wooden joist to connect the diagonal web and the post to the bottom chord;
a third set of metal plates in alignment on opposed sides of the wooden joist to connect the wooden top chord to the post; and
an extension defined by the wooden top chord extending beyond a junction of the diagonal web and the top chord at an end of the wooden joist;
whereby the wooden joist is adapted to be in a top-chord bearing relation with a beam by the extension being on top of the beam.
2. The wooden joist according to claim 1, further comprising a block positioned on an undersurface of the extension, with the first set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the diagonal web and the block, whereby the wooden joist is adapted to be in a top-chord bearing relation with the beam by the block being between the extension and the beam.
3. The wooden joist according to claim 1, further comprising a second post extending generally perpendicularly between the wooden top chord and the wooden bottom chord at an end of the bottom chord, with the first set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the diagonal web and the second post.
4. The wooden joist according to claim 3, further comprising a block positioned on an undersurface of the extension, with the first set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the diagonal web, the second post and the block, whereby the wooden joist is adapted to be in a top-chord bearing relation with the beam by the block being between the extension and the beam.
5. The wooden joist according to claim 1, further comprising a second wooden top chord positioned against an undersurface of the top chord, and extending from the post to an end of the extension, with the first set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the second top chord and the diagonal web, and the third set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the second top chord and the post.
6. The wooden joist according to claim 1, wherein the main section has an I-joist subsection at an end of the wooden joist opposite from the end configuration, the I-joist subsection having a portion thereof removed, such that the wooden joist has a selected length.
7. The wooden joist according to claim 1, wherein the main section has an I-joist subsection adjacent to the end configuration, the I-joist subsection having a portion of wooden boards removed prior to the end configuration being installed in the wooden joist, such that the wooden joist has a selected length.
8. The wooden joist according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the wooden post and the wooden diagonal web has a twin member in side-by-side relation along the joist.
9. The wooden joist according to claim 1, further comprising one of the end configuration at each end of the main section, whereby the wooden joist is in top-chord bearing relations with beams at each end.
10. A wooden joist comprising:
a wooden top chord;
a wooden bottom chord;
a main section comprising at least one of wooden boards and wooden webs adhesively connected to the wooden top chord and to the wooden bottom chord to form at least one of an I-joist subsection and an open-joist subsection along the main section of the wooden joist;
an end configuration at least one end of the main section, comprising:
a first wooden post extending generally perpendicularly between the wooden top chord and the wooden bottom chord and being adjacent to the main section;
a second wooden post extending generally perpendicularly from the wooden top chord to the wooden bottom chord at an end of the bottom chord;

a wooden diagonal web extending diagonally from the wooden top chord to the wooden bottom chord and being located between the first wooden post and the second wooden post;
a first set of metal plates in alignment on opposed sides of the wooden joist to connect the wooden top chord to the diagonal web and to the first post;
a second set of metal plates in alignment on opposed sides of the wooden joist to connect the diagonal web and the second post to the bottom chord;
a third set of metal plates in alignment on opposed sides of the wooden joist to connect the wooden top chord to the second post;
a fourth set of metal plates in alignment on opposed sides of the wooden joist to connect the wooden bottom chord to the first post; and
an extension defined by the wooden top chord extending beyond the second post at an end of the wooden joist;

whereby the wooden joist is adapted to be in a top-chord bearing relation with a beam by the extension being on top of the beam.
11. The wooden joist according to claim 10, further comprising a block positioned on an undersurface of the extension, with the third set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the second post and the block, whereby the wooden joist is adapted to be in a top-chord bearing relation with the beam by the block being between the extension and the beam.
12. The wooden joist according to claim 10, further comprising a second wooden top chord positioned against an undersurface of the top chord, and extending from the first post to an end of the extension, with the first set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the second top chord, the diagonal web, and the first post, and the third set of metal plates connecting the wooden top chord, the second top chord and the second post.
13. The wooden joist according to claim 10, wherein the main section has an I-joist subsection at an end of the wooden joist opposite from the end configuration, the I-joist subsection having a portion thereof removed, such that the wooden joist has a selected length.
14. The wooden joist according to claim 10, wherein the main section has an I-joist subsection adjacent to the end configuration, the I-joist subsection having a portion of wooden boards removed prior to the end configuration being installed in the wooden joist, such that the wooden joist has a selected length.
15. The wooden joist according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the first post, the second post and the diagonal web has a twin member in side-by-side relation along the joist.
16. The wooden joist according to claim 10, further comprising one of the end configuration at each end of the main section, whereby the wooden joist is in top-chord bearing relations with beams at each end.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for analyzing topographical models, comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, a user input selecting a first content type from a plurality of content types;
in response to the reception of said user input, simultaneously generating a plurality of first model chips using terrain elevation data defining a first topographical model, each of said first model chips comprising at least one of a panned-only view, a zoomed-only view, and a panned-and-zoomed view of said first topographical model including at least one item of said first content type that is different from all other items of all other first model chips; and
displaying, by said computing device, a first screen page comprising a first array defined by a plurality of first cells, each having one of said plurality of first model chips presented therein.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of content types comprise a surface model error, an obscuration, a void, a cultural feature, and foliage.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein data defining said items of said first topographical model is color coded such that said items are visually distinguishable from other content of said first topographical model.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein data defining said items of said first model chips is color coded such that said items are visually distinguishable from other content thereof.
5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding a mark or annotation to at least one chip of said plurality of first model chips indicating that said chip comprises an item that needs to be repaired, filled, or removed from said first topographical model.
6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising exporting at least said chip to a file or a table.
7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
simultaneously generating, by said computing device, a plurality of second model chips using terrain elevation data defining a second topographical model, each of said second model chips comprising at least one of a panned-only view, a zoomed-only view, and a panned-and-zoomed view of said second topographical model including content representing a repaired item of said first topographical model, a filled item of said first topographical model, or an item that has been removed from said first topographical model; and
displaying, by said computing device, a second screen page comprising a second array defined by a plurality of second cells, each having one of said plurality of second model chips presented therein.
8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising alternating content of a GUI window between said first screen page and said second screen page.
9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising setting a mode of at least one of said plurality of first model chips to a color scale mode or a grey scale mode.
10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising sorting or filtering said plurality of first model chips based on at least one attribute of said items thereof.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said attribute comprises surface model error characteristics, obscuration characteristics, accuracy metrics, void sizes, prediction errors, maximum height statistical values, minimum height statistical values, void characteristics, foliage characteristics, vegetation characteristics, terrain characteristics, scene change characteristics, or information describing attributes of an object which a cultural feature visually represents.
12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising randomly selecting and displaying a specified amount of said plurality of first model chips.
13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising changing a zoom level of scale of at least one of said first model chips.
14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting a contrast of at least one of said first model chips using a histogram thereof.
15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising color coding said terrain elevation data of said first topographical model in accordance with a classification of terrain thereof.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said plurality of content types comprises a sinkholes, trenches, hyperbolic terrain, planar terrain, ridges, and mounds.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein said first topographical model comprises at least one difference indication indicating a change of a scene’s content.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said plurality of content types comprises objects that are new to a scene, objects that are removed from a scene, objects whose size has increased or decreased.
19. A system, comprising:
at least one computing device configured to:
receive a user input selecting a first content type from a plurality of content types;
simultaneously generate a plurality of first model chips in response to said user input, said plurality of first model chips generated using terrain elevation data defining a first topographical model, each of said first model chips comprising at least one of a panned-only view, a zoomed-only view, and a panned-and-zoomed view of said first topographical model including at least one item of said first content type that is different from all other items of all other first model chips; and
display a first screen page comprising a first array defined by a plurality of first cells, each having one of said plurality of first model chips presented therein.
20. The system according to claim 19, wherein said plurality of content types comprise a surface model error, an obscuration, a void, a cultural feature, and foliage.
21. The system according to claim 19, wherein data defining said items of said first topographical model is color coded such that said items are visually distinguishable from other content of said first topographical model.
22. The system according to claim 19, wherein data defining said items of said first model chips is color coded such that said items are visually distinguishable from other content thereof.
23. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to add a mark or annotation to at least one chip of said plurality of first model chips indicating that said chip comprises an item that needs to be repaired, filled, or removed from said first topographical model.
24. The system according to claim 23, wherein said computing device is further configured to export at least said chip to a file or a table.
25. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to:
simultaneously generate a plurality of second model chips using terrain elevation data defining a second topographical model, each of said second model chips comprising at least one of a panned-only view, a zoomed-only view, and a panned-and-zoomed view of said second topographical model including content representing a repaired item of said first topographical model, a filled item of said first topographical model, or an item that has been removed from said first topographical model; and
display a second screen page comprising a second array defined by a plurality of second cells, each having one of said plurality of second model chips presented therein.
26. The system according to claim 25, wherein said computing device is further configured to alternate content of a GUI window between said first screen page and said second screen page.
27. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to set a mode of at least one of said plurality of first model chips to a color scale mode or a grey scale mode.
28. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to sort or filter said plurality of first model chips based on at least one attribute of said items thereof.
29. The system according to claim 28, wherein said attribute comprises surface model error characteristics, obscuration characteristics, accuracy metrics, void sizes, prediction errors, maximum height statistical values, minimum height statistical values, void characteristics, foliage characteristics, vegetation characteristics, terrain characteristics, scene change characteristics, or information describing attributes of an object which a cultural feature visually represents.
30. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to randomly select and displaying a specified amount of said plurality of first model chips.
31. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to change a zoom level of scale of at least one of said first model chips.
32. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to adjust a contrast of at least one of said first model chips using a histogram thereof.
33. The system according to claim 19, wherein said computing device is further configured to color code said terrain elevation data of said first topographical model in accordance with a classification of terrain thereof.
34. The system according to claim 33, wherein said plurality of content types comprises a sinkholes, trenches, hyperbolic terrain, planar terrain, ridges, and mounds.
35. The system according to claim 19, wherein said first topographical model comprises at least one difference indication indicating a change of a scene’s content.
36. The system according to claim 35, wherein said plurality of content types comprises objects that are new to a scene, objects that are removed from a scene, objects whose size has increased or decreased.