Author: claimsbot

1. A reflective display device using photonic crystals, comprising:
a plurality of reflective color filters, each reflective color filter reflects a predetermined wavelength range of an incident visible light, each of the plurality of reflective color filters including three-dimensional photonic crystals of inverse opal structure having colloids of varying sizes; and
a plurality of optical switches disposed adjacent to and facing a corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters, each of the plurality of optical switches extracts a predetermined color by adjusting an intensity or onoff-frequency of light reflected from the corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters.
2. The reflective display device using photonic crystals as claimed in claim 1, wherein the colloids are spheres having diameters of several hundred of nanometers and repeatedly arranged in at least ten (10) layers to form a sufficient band gap.
3. The reflective display device using photonic crystals as claimed in claim 1, wherein the colloids of the red (R) reflective color filter have the largest size to reflect the light of the longest wavelength among red (R), green (G), and blue (B).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. (canceled)
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. (canceled)
8. An information handling system comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory accessible by the processors;
a nonvolatile storage device accessible by the processors;
a preemptive multitasking operating system controlling access by execution threads to the processors; and
a delayed priority tool for a delayed priority boost to the execution threads, the delayed priority tool comprising instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processors, cause the information handling system to perform a method comprising:
indicating that an execution thread needs a higher priority by updating a user mode accessible data area, the indicating performed without increasing a priority corresponding to the execution thread and the indicating including setting a critical section flag within the user mode accessible data indicating that the execution thread is entering a critical section of code;
updating a priority offset amount prior to the execution thread entering the critical section of code, whereupon the priority offset amount is included in the user mode accessible data;
during execution of the critical section of code:
detecting a preemption event, wherein the preemption event has a preemption event priority;
reading the user mode accessible data area in response to the detected preemption event;
determining whether a priority applied flag and the critical section flag have been set;
in response to detecting that the critical section flag has been set and the priority applied flag has not been set, raising the execution thread’s priority by the priority offset amount and setting the priority applied flag;
after raising the execution thread’s priority:
in response to the preemption event priority being greater than the execution thread’s priority preempting the execution thread; and
in response to the preemption event priority not being greater than the execution thread’s priority allowing the execution thread to continue executing.
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. The information handling system of claim 8 further comprising:
resetting the critical section flag within the user mode accessible data indicating that the execution thread is no longer in the critical section;
receiving a second preemption event at the kernel process;
determining, at the kernel process, that the critical section flag is no longer set and that the priority applied flag is set;
lowering the execution thread’s priority by the priority offset amount in response to the determination that the critical section flag is no longer set and that the priority flag is set; and
resetting the priority applied flag indicating that the execution thread’s priority is no longer raised.
13. (canceled)
14. A computer program product stored in a computer operable media, the computer operable media containing instructions for execution by a computer, which, when executed by the computer, cause the computer to perform a method for adjusting a priority of an execution thread, method comprising:
indicating that the execution thread needs a higher priority by updating a user mode accessible data area, the indicating performed without increasing a priority corresponding to the execution thread and the indicating including setting a critical section flag within the user mode accessible data indicating that the execution thread is entering a critical section of code;
updating a priority offset amount prior to the execution thread entering the critical section of code, whereupon the priority offset amount is included in the user mode accessible data;
during execution of the critical section of code:
detecting a preemption event, wherein the preemption event has a preemption event priority;
reading the user mode accessible data area in response to the detected preemption event;
determining whether a priority applied flag and the critical section flag have been set;
in response to detecting that the critical section flag has been set and the priority applied flag has not been set, raising the execution thread’s priority by the priority offset amount and setting the priority applied flag;
after raising the execution thread’s priority:
in response to the preemption event priority being greater than the execution thread’s priority, preempting the execution thread; and
in response to the preemption event priority not being greater than the execution thread’s priority, allowing the execution thread to continue executing.
15. (canceled)
16. (canceled)
17. (canceled)
18. The computer program product of claim 17 wherein the method further comprises:
resetting the critical section flag within the user mode accessible data indicating that the execution thread is no longer in the critical section;
receiving a second preemption event at the kernel process;
determining that the critical section flag is no longer set and that the priority applied flag is set;
lowering the execution thread’s priority by the priority offset amount in response to the determination that the critical section flag is no longer set and that the priority flag is set; and
resetting the priority applied flag indicating that the execution thread’s priority is no longer raised.
19. (canceled)
20. The computer program product of claim 14 wherein the indicating that the execution thread needs a higher priority is performed in response to the execution thread entering the critical code section, and wherein the critical code section utilizes a shared system resource.

What is claimed is:

1. An electroluminescence device comprising:
an anode,
a cathode and
an organic light emitting layer put between the anode and the cathode in which
the anode contains a metal belonging to the group V or the group VI of the periodical table at least to a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer.
2. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the metal includes chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
3. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the work function of the metal is 4.8 eV or lower.
4. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
5. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein emission light from the organic light emitting layer is emitted mainly from the side of the cathode.
6. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anode comprises an alloy.
7. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the anode.
8. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises a layer consisting of a metal and a transparent material.
9. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises MgAg.
10. An electroluminescence device comprising the following constitutions:
a substrate,
an anode formed on the substrate,
an organic light emitting layer formed on the anode and
a cathode formed on an organic light emitting layer, in which
the anode contains a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to at least a portion in contact with the organic light emission device.
11. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
12. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
13. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the anode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
14. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein emission light from the organic light emitting layer is mainly emitted from the side of the cathode.
15. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the anode comprises an alloy.
16. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the organic light emitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the anode.
17. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cathode comprises a layer composed of a metal and a transparent material.
18. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cathode comprises MgAg.
19. An electroluminescence device comprising:
scanning lines for selecting pixels,
data lines provided with luminance information for driving pixels,
a first transistor connected at a control terminal with the scanning lines,
a second transistor connected at a control terminal with the first transistor, and
a light emitting device connected with the second transistor in which
the light emitting device at least has an organic light emitting layer, a first electrode providing holes to the organic light emitting layer and a second electrode providing electrons to the organic light emitting layer, and
the first electrode contains a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to at least a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer.
20. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field effect transistors and a capacitance is connected with the control terminal of the second control terminal.
21. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the scanning lines and the data lines cross substantially vertical to each other.
22. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
23. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
24. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
25. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein light emission from the organic light emitting layer is emitted from the side of the second electrode mainly.
26. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
27. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
28. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
29. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the second electrode comprises MgAg.
30. An active matrix type electroluminescence device comprising:
scanning lines for selecting pixels,
data lines provided with luminance information for driving the pixels,
a first transistor connected at a control terminal with the scanning lines,
a second transistor connected at a control terminal with the first transistor, and
a light emitting device connected with the second transistor in which
the light emitting device at least has an organic light emitting layer, a first electrode providing holes to the organic light emitting layer and a second electrode providing electrons to the organic light emitting layer, and
the first electrode contains a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to at least a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer.
31. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field effect transistors and connected at the second control terminals with the capacitor.
32. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the scanning lines and the data lines cross substantially vertically to each other.
33. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
34. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
35. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
36. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein light emission from the organic light emitting layer is emitted mainly from the side of the second electrode
37. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
38. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
39. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
40. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the second electrode comprises MgAg.
41. A display device comprising:
scanning lines for selecting pixels, and
data lines disposed substantially vertically relative to the scanning lines and provided with luminance information for driving the pixels in which
the pixel at least comprises an organic electroluminescence device having an anode containing a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer, and a cathode disposed at a position opposing to the anode, a first active element controlled by the scanning lines and having a function of intaking luminance information provided from the data lines and a second active element having a function of controlling the current supplied to the organic electroluminescence device in accordance with the intaken luminance information,
the luminance information is taken into the pixels by applying electric signals in accordance with the luminance information to the data lines in a state where the data lines are selected, the luminance information taken in the pixel is maintained to the pixel even after the scanning line becomes no more selected, and the organic electroluminescence device maintains light emission at a luminance according to the luminance information.
42. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field effect transistors and a capacitance is connected with the control terminal with the second control terminal.
43. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
44. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
45. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
46. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein light emission from the organic light emitting layer is emitted mainly from the side of the cathode.
47. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the anode comprises an alloy.
48. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first anode.
49. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the anode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
50. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the second electrode comprises MgAg.
51. A method of manufacturing an electroluminescence device comprising the following steps:
a step of forming a first electrode having a metal belonging to the group V or the group VI of the periodical table on a substrate:
a step of forming an organic light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the metal and
a step of forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer.
52. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the first electrode is in a tapered type.
53. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
54. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
55. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
56. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein first electrode has a higher reflectance than the second electrode.
57. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
58. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
59. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
60. A method of manufacturing an electroluminescence device comprising the following steps:
a step of forming a first electrode having a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table on a substrate,
a step of fabricating a first electrode,
a step of forming an insulative film on the first electrode,
a step of forming an opening in the insulative film and exposing the metal,
a step of forming an organic light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the metal through the opening and
a step of forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer.
61. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode is in a tapered type.
62. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
63. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the a metal has work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
64. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
65. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode has a higher reflectance than the second electrode.
66. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
67. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
68. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
69. A method of manufacturing an electroluminescence device comprising the following steps:
a step of forming a gate electrode on a substrate,
a step of forming a gate insulative film on the gate electrode,
a step of forming a semiconductor layer on the gate insulative film,
a step of forming an insulative film on the semiconductor layer,
a step of forming a first electrode having a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table on the insulative film,
a step of forming an organic light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the metal and
a step of forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer.
70. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode is in a tapered type.
71. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
72. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
73. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
74. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode has a higher reflectance than the second electrode.
75. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
76. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
77. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
78. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the substrate comprises glass and the gate insulative film has a thickness less than that of the insulative film described above.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system for forming an assembly from a plurality of automobile members and at least one mechanical fastener, said mechanical fastener having an optimal torque in relation to said assembly and forming an optimal joint in relation to the assembly, said system comprising:
a fastening device in communication with a processor and operated by a controller as directed by the processor;
said processor adapted for retrieving data from a data storage device containing data related to the assembly and selected from the list including characteristic data, torque data and joint data;
a rotation sensor in communication with said processor and adapted for recording visual information related to assembly and transmitting said recorded visual information to said processor; whereby said processor compares said stored data with said transmitted data, and
said controller, through said fastening device, operating said fastening device to provide torque to said mechanical fastener until said visual information corresponds to at least one of said characteristic data, torque data and joint data.
2. The system according to claim 1 further including a tension sensing device.
3. The system according to claim 1 wherein said rotation sensor further includes a projector for propagating light across said assembly.
4. The system according to claim 3 further comprising an image detector that receives the propagated light.
5. The system according to claim 1 wherein said rotation sensor further comprises a zone of visual range.
6. The system according to claim 5 wherein said rotation sensor further comprises an optical head which is moved relative to the assembly positioned within the zone of visual range.
7. The system according to claim 6 wherein said optical head further comprises a pattern projector and an imaging subsystem.
8. The system according to claim 7 wherein said imaging subsystem further includes a trilinear-array camera whereby said camera and said pattern projector are fixed in relation to each other.
9. The system according to claim 8 wherein said trilinear-array camera further comprises a plurality of linear detector elements each extending parallel.
10. The system for forming an assembly from a plurality of automobile members according to claim 1 wherein said mechanical fastener having optimal torque data and optimal joint data in relation to the assembly, said system comprising:
a fastening device adapted for providing rotational force to at least one mechanical fastener, said fastening device associated with a tension sensor;
a controller unit in electronic communication with said fastening device and a processor;
said processor adapted for retrieving data from a data storage device and transmitting said data to said controller;
said data including optimal torque data and optimal joint data and related to the assembly;
a rotation sensor in electronic communication with said processor; and
said controller, through said fastening device, providing torque to said mechanical fastener while in communication with said tension sensor and said rotation sensor.
11. A method for forming an assembly from a plurality of automobile members and at least one mechanical fastener said mechanical fastener having optimal torque data and optimal joint data in relation to the assembly, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of automobile members, at least one mechanical fastener, a fastening device, a controller, a processor, a data storage device with retrievable data including optimal torque data and optimal joint data related to the assembly, and a rotation sensor in proximity;
(b) said rotation sensor communicating a visual field containing said plurality of automobile members and said mechanical fastener to said processor;
(c) said processor, using said visual field and in communication with said data storage device, identifying said plurality of automobile members and said mechanical fastener;
(d) said processor, using said identified plurality of automobile members and said mechanical fastener, and in communication with said data storage device, retrieving optimal torque data and optimal joint data for said plurality of automobile members and said mechanical fastener in relation to the assembly; and
(e) said controller, in electronic communication with said fastening device and said processor, providing torque to said mechanical fastener, through said fastening device, according to processor communication with said tension sensor and said rotation sensor.