Author: claimsbot

1. A carbohydrate blend comprising from 55% by weight to 65% by weight glucose provided at least in part by glucooligosaccharides and from 35% by weight to 45% by weight fructose, wherein at least 90% by weight of the glucooligosaccharides comprise a structure having between three and seven degrees of saccharide polymerization, or wherein about 20-30% by weight of the glucose is provided by polysaccharides having a degree of polymerization of eleven degrees or greater; and an electrolyte source comprising sodium and potassium; wherein the carbohydrate blend is resistant to hydrolysis such that, when mixed with water to produce a solution comprising water and 6% by weight of the carbohydrate blend, the blend provides a solution with an initial measured osmolality in the range of 230-260 mOsmkg immediately after production and the solution has a stored measured osmolality after storage of the solution for twenty weeks after production that does not increase by more than 5% when compared to the initial measured osmolality.
2. The carbohydrate blend of claim 1, wherein the carbohydrate blend comprises carbohydrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, leucrose, trehalose, glactose, isomaltulose, dextrose, maltodextrin, corn syrup solids and combinations thereof.
3. The carbohydrate blend of claim 1, wherein the structure of the glucooligosaccharides has an initial \u03b1-(1,4) glucose-to-glucose linkage followed by alternating \u03b1-(1,3) glucose-to-glucose linkages and \u03b1-(1,6) glucose-to-glucose linkages.
4. The carbohydrate blend of claim 1, wherein the glucose is provided at least in part by glucooligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and wherein at least 90% by weight of the glucooligosaccharides comprise a structure having between three and seven degrees of saccharide polymerization and about 20-30% by weight of the glucose is provided by polysaccharides having a degree of polymerization of eleven degrees or greater.
5. A beverage composition comprising water; an electrolyte source comprising sodium and potassium; and from 4% by weight to 10% by weight of a carbohydrate blend, the carbohydrate blend comprising from 55% by weight to 65% by weight glucose provided at least in part by glucooligosaccharides and from 35% by weight to 45% by weight fructose, wherein at least 90% by weight of the glucooligosaccharides comprise a structure having between three and seven degrees of saccharide polymerization, or wherein about 20-30% by weight of the glucose is provided by polysaccharides having a degree of polymerization of eleven degrees or greater; wherein the beverage composition has an initial measured osmolality in the range of 230-260 mOsmkg immediately after preparation of the composition and the beverage composition has a stored measured osmolality after storage for twenty weeks after production that does not increase by more than 5% when compared to the initial measured osmolality.
6. The beverage composition of claim 5, further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of edible acids, coloring agents and flavoring agents.
7. The beverage composition of claim 6, wherein the carbohydrate blend comprises carbohydrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, leucrose, trehalose, glactose, isomaltulose, dextrose, maltodextrin, corn syrup solids and combinations thereof.
8. The beverage composition of claim 5, wherein the structure of the glucooligosaccharides has an initial \u03b1-(1,4) glucose-to-glucose linkage followed by alternating \u03b1-(1,3) glucose-to-glucose linkages and \u03b1-(1,6) glucose-to-glucose linkages.
9. The beverage composition of claim 5, comprising 6% by weight of the carbohydrate blend.
10. The beverage composition of claim 5, wherein the electrolyte source further comprises at least one electrolyte selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, chloride.
11. The beverage composition of claim 10, comprising about 0.01% by weight to about 0.04% by weight of potassium; about 0.01% by weight to about 0.02% by weight of magnesium; about 0.001% by weight to about 0.003% by weight of calcium; and about 0.02% by weight to about 0.03% by weight of chloride.
12. The beverage composition of claim 5 wherein the glucose is provided at least in part by glucooligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and wherein at least 90% by weight of the glucooligosaccharides comprise a structure having between three and seven degrees of saccharide polymerization and about 20-30% by weight of the glucose is provided by polysaccharides having a degree of polymerization of eleven degrees or greater.
13. A beverage composition comprising water; an electrolyte source comprising sodium and potassium; and from 4% by weight to 10% by weight of a carbohydrate blend, the carbohydrate blend comprising from 55% by weight to 65% by weight glucose provided at least in part by corn syrup solids comprising glucooligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and wherein about 20-30% by weight of the glucose is provided by polysaccharides having a degree of polymerization of eleven degrees or greater, and from 35% by weight to 45% by weight fructose; wherein the beverage composition has an initial measured osmolality in the range of 230-260 mOsmkg immediately after preparation of the composition and the beverage composition has a stored measured osmolality after storage for twenty weeks after production that does not increase by more than 5% when compared to the initial measured osmolality.
14. The beverage composition of claim 13, further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of edible acids, coloring agents and flavoring agents.
15. The beverage composition of claim 13, wherein the electrolyte source further comprises at least one electrolyte selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, chloride.
16. The beverage composition of claim 13, wherein at least 90% by weight of the glucooligosaccharides comprise a structure having between three and seven degrees of saccharide polymerization.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of processing a wafer comprising:
a supplying step of supplying a specific amount of a processing solution on a wafer by spraying the processing solution from a first end of a nozzle;
a sucking-backstep, after the supplying step, of sucking back a solution surface of the processing solution remaining in the nozzle to a second end side of the nozzle by aspirating the remaining processing solution to the second end side;
a soaking step, after the sucking-back step, of soaking the first end of the nozzle into a fluid; and
an aspirating step, after the soaking step, of aspirating the processing solution remaining in the nozzle to the second end side to aspirate a specific amount of the fluid into the first end of the nozzle for further sucking back the solution surface of the processing solution to the second end side, thus the solution surface of the processing solution being not touching the fluid.
2. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 1, wherein the sucking-back step includes a step of sucking back the solution surface of the processing solution in the nozzle to aspirate gas evaporated from the fluid and the aspirating step includes a step of aspirating the specific amount of the fluid into the first end of the nozzle, thus the solution surface of the processing solution being not touching the fluid due to the evaporated gas intervening between the solution surface of the processing solution and the fluid.
3. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 1 further comprising a step, after the sucking-back step but before the soaking step, of aspirating an insoluble liquid, that is insoluble in the coating solution and the fluid, into the nozzle, the aspirating step including a step of aspirating the specific amount of the fluid into the first end of the nozzle, thus the solution surface of the processing solution being not touching the fluid due to the insoluble liquid intervening between the solution surface of the processing solution and the fluid.
4. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 1 further comprising a step of discharging the fluid from the first end of the nozzle before spraying the processing solution onto a next wafer to be processed.
5. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 3 further comprising a step of discharging the fluid and the insoluble liquid from the first end of the nozzle before spraying the processing solution onto a next wafer to be processed.
6. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 1 further comprising a step of moving the fluid aspirated into the nozzle forward and backward in the first end of the nozzle.
7. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is a solvent for the processing solution.
8. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 1 further comprising a step of washing an outer wall of the nozzle.
9. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 8, wherein the washing step includes a step of supplying a solvent for the processing solution to the outer wall of the nozzle to wash the outer wall.
10. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 8, wherein the washing step includes a step of spraying nitrogen gas to the outer wall of the nozzle to wash the outer wall.
11. The method of processing a wafer according to claim 1 further comprising a step of measuring a period or a specific number of times for soaking the first end of the nozzle into the fluid, or a dielectric constant of the fluid, for replacements of the liquid.

1. A method for producing a heat exchanger element including a fibrous mat and at least one heat exchanging conduit for a heat exchanging medium, wherein the heat exchanger element is panel shaped and includes two main surfaces averted from each other and a peripheral surface connecting the main surfaces, the method comprising:
applying to the fibrous mat, at one main surface, a cast mass, in the form of at least one layer of a cast coating; and
laying onto the fibrous mat, at the one main surface, at least one heat exchanging conduit, wherein a thickness of the at least one cast coating layer is in the range of 2 to 8 mm and the at least one heat exchanging conduit is contained at least partially in the at least one cast coating layer, and wherein the at least one cast coating layer together with the at least one heat exchanging conduit, adheres to the fibrous mat.
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least a second layer of the at least one cast coating layer, having a different grain proportion as compared with the at least one cast coating layer, is applied.
3. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a grain proportion of the at least one layer is cured to a substantially solid cast coating when a bonding agent is cured.
4. A heat exchanger element being panel shaped, including two main surfaces averted from each other and a peripheral surface connecting the main surfaces, comprising:
a fibrous mat;
at least one layer of a cast coating and at least one heat exchanging conduit for a heat exchanging medium at one main surface, wherein a thickness of the cast coating is in the range of 2 to 8 mm and the at least one heat exchanging conduit is contained at least partially in the cast coating, and wherein the cast coating together with the at least one heat exchanging conduit adheres to the fibrous mat.
5. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one heat exchanging conduit includes at least two branch necks and wherein each branch neck includes a flexible plastic pipe so that each branch neck is connectable to the branch neck of at least one of an adjacent heat exchanger element and to a connection conduit.
6. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fibrous mat has a thickness of at least 25 mm.
7. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cast coating includes two layers of different grain proportions, including a first layer adjacent to the fibrous mat and a second layer applied to said first layer, wherein the second layer includes a relatively finer grain and is of a relatively higher density than the first layer.
8. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cast coating includes at least one of a thickness of 3 to 6 mm, and an aluminum hydroxide.
9. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one cast coating layer includes grains of an average particle size in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
10. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one heat exchanging conduit includes an inner diameter of 0.8 to 5 mm and is formed of at least one of plastic material and of metal, at least in part.
11. Heat exchanger element as claimed in wherein the heat exchanging conduit extends substantially tangentially to said peripheral surface.
12. A method for assembling heat exchanger elements including a fibrous mat and at least one heat exchanging conduit for a heat exchanging medium, the heat exchanger elements being panel shaped and including at least two main surfaces averted from each other and a peripheral surface connecting the main surfaces, the method comprising:
attaching at least two heat exchanger elements adjacent to each other, to a room delimiting surface;
connecting at least two branch necks of a heat exchanger element to a heat exchanger circuit; and,
applying cast mixture so that a substantially flat cast surface is obtained, wherein a thickness of the cast coating is in the range of 2 to 8 mm and the at least one heat exchanging conduit is contained in the cast coating, and wherein the cast coating together with the at least one heat exchanging conduit, adheres to the fibrous mat.
13. Method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the uncoated main surfaces of the fibrous mats glued to said room delimiting surface and
in a first step, a first row of heat exchanger elements are fastened with their first lateral surfaces situated side by side,
in a second step, holding elements are mounted to join the second side surfaces,
in a third step, a second row of heat exchanger elements are fastened so as to join said holding elements and their first side surfaces engaging each other,
in a fourth step, the two branch necks of each heat exchanger element are connected to a heat exchanger circuit,
in a fifth step.
14. Method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the uncoated main surfaces of the fibrous mats, for fastening the heat exchanger elements, are glued to said room delimiting surface, wherein
in a first step, a first row of heat exchanger elements are fastened with their first lateral surfaces situated side by side, while spacer elements project from their second lateral surfaces,
in a second step, a second row of heat exchanger elements their first lateral surfaces engaging each other, are fastened so that they join said second lateral surfaces and are spaced by spacer elements,
in a third step, the two branch necks of each heat exchanger element are connected to a heat exchanger circuit,
in a fourth step, covering elements are arranged at the spacer elements,
in a fifth step, a cast mixture is applied at least in regions with gaps.
15. Method as claimed in claim 12, wherein, for fastening heat exchanger elements comprising two parallel extending longitudinal channels and at least one conduit that interconnects said longitudinal channels, the uncoated main surface of at least one fibrous mat is glued to said room delimiting surface, at least one further element having a layer of glue and which is oriented towards said room delimiting surface and is placed towards another element, which has already been mounted, under a small angle to the room delimiting surface, two male parts are plugged into corresponding female parts, and subsequently the connected element having the gluing layer is fixed on said room delimiting surface.
16. Method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one cast coating layer includes a relatively coarser grain and a relatively smaller density than the second layer.
17. Method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a grain proportion of the at least one layer is cured to a substantially solid cast coating when a bonding agent is cured.
18. Method as claimed in claim 16, wherein a grain proportion of the at least one layer is cured to a substantially solid cast coating when a bonding agent is cured.
19. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fibrous mat has a thickness in a range of 30 mm and includes at least one of glass fibers, rock wool, silicate fibers and fibers of plastic material.
20. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fibrous mat has a thickness in a range of 60 mm and includes at least one of glass fibers, rock wool, silicate fibers and fibers of plastic material.
21. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one cast coating layer includes grains of an average particle size in the range of 0.25 to 0.3 mm.
22. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one cast coating layer includes grains with particle sizes varying, in particular, in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
23. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one cast coating layer includes grains with particle sizes varying, in particular, in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.
24. Heat exchanger element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one heat exchanging conduit includes an inner diameter of 1 to 3 mm and is formed of at least one of plastic material and of metal, at least in part.
25. Method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
in a sixth step, a flat surface is obtained by grinding, and
in a seventh step, a cover coating is applied
26. Method as claimed in claim 14, wherein
in a sixth step, a flat surface is obtained by grinding, and
in a seventh step, a cover coating is applied
27. A room delimiting structure, comprising:
heat exchanger elements, each including
a fibrous mat, and
at least one heat exchanging conduit for a heat exchanging medium, wherein the heat exchanger elements are panel shaped and include two main surfaces averted from each other and a peripheral surface connecting the main surfaces, wherein

at least two heat exchanger elements are attached adjacently to each other to a room delimiting surface,
at least two branch necks of each heat exchanger element are connected to a heat exchanger circuit, and
a cast mixture is applied so that a substantially flat cast surface is obtained, wherein the thickness of the cast coating layer is in the range of 2 to 8 mm and the at least one conduit is contained in the cast coating, and the cast coating together with the at least one heat exchanging conduit adheres to the fibrous mat.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

I claim:

1. A microelectronic device for producing regulated current comprising:
a transistor having a base region, a collector region, and an emitter region;
a voltage reference source coupled to said base region of said transistor;
a supplemental voltage source coupled to said base region of said transistor; and
a Schottky clamp coupled to said base of said transistor.
2. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 1, further comprising a voltage input terminal coupled to said Schottky clamp.
3. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 1, further comprising an error amplifier coupled to said base region of said transistor.
4. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 3, wherein said error amplifier comprises an output region and said error amplifier output region is coupled to said supplemental voltage source.
5. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 3, further comprising a compensation network coupled to said emitter region of said transistor.
6. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 5, wherein said compensation network is further coupled to an input of said error amplifier.
7. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 1, wherein said supplemental voltage source is configured to cause said transistor to operate near a saturation of said transistor.
8. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 1, wherein said transistor comprises an N-P-N type transistor.
9. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 1, wherein said device comprises compound semiconductor material.
10. The microelectronic device for producing regulated current of claim 9, wherein said compound semiconductor material is SiGe.
11. A microelectronic circuit comprising:
a transistor having a base region, a collector region, and an emitter region;
a voltage reference source coupled to said base region of said transistor;
a supplemental voltage source coupled to said base region of said transistor; and
a an error amplifier coupled to said base region of said transistor.
12. The microelectronic circuit of claim 11, further comprising a supplemental voltage source coupled to said error amplifier.
13. The microelectronic circuit of claim 12, wherein said voltage source is configured to cause said transistor to operate near a saturation of said transistor.
14. The microelectronic circuit of claim 12, wherein said voltage source is about 3.3 volts.
15. The microelectronic circuit of claim 11, wherein said circuit comprises a compound semiconductor.
16. The microelectronic circuit of claim 15, wherein said compound semiconductor is SiGe.
17. The microelectronic circuit of claim 11, further comprising a compensation network coupled to said emitter region of said transistor and an input region of said error amplifier.