Author: claimsbot

1. A motion estimation system, comprising:
a prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search that divide luminance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area and store said luminance data by prescribed unit as stored luminance data; and
an integer pixel motion estimation section that extracts a prescribed reference extracted area based on a combination of said stored luminance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search, to perform motion estimation with integer-pixel accuracy, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search, said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction and four consecutive said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said horizontal direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search.
2. A motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance, comprising:
a temporary storage section for luminance that stores luminance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area;
a quarter-pixel generation section for luminance that performs a horizontal-direction interpolation process and a vertical-direction interpolation process based on said luminance data read from said temporary storage section for luminance to generate partial quarter-pixel luminance data, said partially quarter-pixel luminance data being luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy only in one direction of said horizontal direction and vertical direction;
a prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search that divide said partial quarter-pixel luminance data and store said partial quarter pixel luminance data by prescribed unit as stored quarter-pixel luminance data; and
a quarter-pixel motion estimation section that performs a prescribed calculation process based on a combination of said stored quarter-pixel luminance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, to obtain a prescribed reference area after luminance calculation with quarter-pixel accuracy in both of said horizontal direction and vertical direction and perform motion estimation with quarter-pixel accuracy, said prescribed calculation process including an interpolation process in the other direction than said one direction to calculate luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy in said other direction, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, said stored quarter-pixel luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said other direction and four consecutive said stored quarter-pixel luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in units of integer pixels in said one direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search.
3. A motion estimation system for quarter-pixel chrominance, comprising:
a prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance that divide chrominance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area and store said data in units of stored chrominance data; and
a quarter-pixel generation section for chrominance that performs a calculation process based on reference position information of quarter-pixel accuracy in accordance with a combination of said stored chrominance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance, to generate a prescribed reference area after chrominance calculation of quarter-pixel accuracy as estimation result chrominance data, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance,
said stored chrominance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in a horizontal direction are stored by being superimposed in units of a first number of pixels, and
a second number of consecutive said stored chrominance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in a vertical direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance.
4. A motion estimation system for combined luminance, comprising:
a motion estimation system; and
a motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance,
said motion estimation system including:
a prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search that divide luminance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area and store said luminance data by prescribed unit as stored luminance data; and
an integer pixel motion estimation section that extracts a prescribed reference extracted area based on a combination of said stored luminance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search, to perform motion estimation with integer-pixel accuracy, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search, said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction and four consecutive said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said horizontal direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search,
said motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance including:
a temporary storage section for luminance that stores luminance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area;
a quarter-pixel generation section for luminance that performs a horizontal-direction interpolation process and a vertical-direction interpolation process based on said luminance data read from said temporary storage section for luminance to generate partial quarter-pixel luminance data, said partially quarter-pixel luminance data being luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy only in one direction of said horizontal direction and vertical direction;
a prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search that divide said partial quarter-pixel luminance data and store said partial quarter pixel luminance data by prescribed unit as stored quarter-pixel luminance data; and
a quarter-pixel motion estimation section that performs a prescribed calculation process based on a combination of said stored quarter-pixel luminance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, to obtain a prescribed reference area after luminance calculation with quarter-pixel accuracy in both of said horizontal direction and vertical direction and perform motion estimation with quarter-pixel accuracy, said prescribed calculation process including an interpolation process in the other direction than said one direction to calculate luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy in said other direction, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, said stored quarter-pixel luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said other direction and four consecutive said stored quarter-pixel luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in units of integer pixels in said one direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search,
said integer pixel motion estimation section in said motion estimation system outputs a reference position signal of integer-pixel accuracy as a motion estimation result, and
said quarter-pixel motion estimation section in said motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance performs motion estimation of quarter-pixel accuracy with a reference position instructed by said reference position signal as a base point.
5. A motion estimation system for combined luminance and chrominance, comprising:
a motion estimation system;
a motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance; and
a motion estimation system for quarter-pixel chrominance,
said motion estimation system including:
a prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search that divide luminance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area and store said luminance data by prescribed unit as stored luminance data; and
an integer pixel motion estimation section that extracts a prescribed reference extracted area based on a combination of said stored luminance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search, to perform motion estimation with integer-pixel accuracy, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search, said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction and four consecutive said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said horizontal direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for an integer pixel search,
said motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance including:
a temporary storage section for luminance that stores luminance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area;
a quarter-pixel generation section for luminance that performs a horizontal-direction interpolation process and a vertical-direction interpolation process based on said luminance data read from said temporary storage section for luminance to generate partial quarter-pixel luminance data, said partially quarter-pixel luminance data being luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy only in one direction of said horizontal direction and vertical direction;
a prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search that divide said partial quarter-pixel luminance data and store said partial quarter pixel luminance data by prescribed unit as stored quarter-pixel luminance data; and
a quarter-pixel motion estimation section that performs a prescribed calculation process based on a combination of said stored quarter-pixel luminance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, to obtain a prescribed reference area after luminance calculation with quarter-pixel accuracy in both of said horizontal direction and vertical direction and perform motion estimation with quarter-pixel accuracy, said prescribed calculation process including an interpolation process in the other direction than said one direction to calculate luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy in said other direction, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, said stored quarter-pixel luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said other direction and four consecutive said stored quarter-pixel luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in units of integer pixels in said one direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search,
said motion estimation system for quarter-pixel chrominance including:
a prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance that divide chrominance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area and store said data in units of stored chrominance data; and
a quarter-pixel generation section for chrominance that performs a calculation process based on reference position information of quarter-pixel accuracy in accordance with a combination of said stored chrominance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance, to generate a prescribed reference area after chrominance calculation of quarter-pixel accuracy as estimation result chrominance data, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance,
said stored chrominance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in a horizontal direction are stored by being superimposed in units of a first number of pixels, and
a second number of consecutive said stored chrominance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in a vertical direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for a chrominance,
said integer pixel motion estimation section in said motion estimation system outputs a reference position signal of integer-pixel accuracy as a motion estimation result,
said quarter-pixel motion estimation section in said motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance performs motion estimation of quarter-pixel accuracy with a reference position instructed by said reference position signal as a base point, to output estimation result luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy, and
said reference position information used by said motion estimation system for quarter-pixel chrominance includes reference position information on said estimation result luminance data of quarter-pixel accuracy.
6. A motion estimation system for quarter-pixel luminance and chrominance, comprising:
a prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search that divide luminance data and chrominance data of integer-pixel accuracy in a prescribed image area and store said luminance data and chrominance data by prescribed unit as stored luminance data and stored chrominance data, respectively; and
a quarter-pixel motion estimation section that performs a prescribed calculation process based on a combination of said stored luminance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, to obtain a prescribed reference area after luminance calculation with quarter-pixel accuracy in both a horizontal direction and a vertical direction and perform motion estimation thus obtaining estimation result luminance data, and generates a prescribed reference area after chrominance calculation of quarter-pixel accuracy as estimation result chrominance data based on a combination of said stored chrominance data read from said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, said prescribed reference area after chrominance calculation corresponding to position information of quarter-pixel accuracy of said estimation result luminance data, wherein
in said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search,
said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said horizontal direction are stored by being superimposed in units of a first number of pixels,
a second number of consecutive said stored luminance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said vertical direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search, and
said stored chrominance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said horizontal direction and a third number of consecutive said stored chrominance data corresponding to pixels adjacent in said vertical direction are stored to vary among said prescribed number of storage sections for a quarter-pixel search.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A microirradiator, comprising:
a non-radioactive conducting electrode;
an insulating sheath disposed about at least a portion of the non-radioactive conducting electrode along a longitudinal axis of the non-radioactive conducting electrode; and
a radioactive source in electrical communication with the non-radioactive conducting electrode, wherein the radioactive source is positioned at a terminus of a first longitudinal end of the non-radioactive conducting electrode via electroplating;
wherein the insulating sheath is disposed about at least a portion of the radioactive source along a longitudinal axis of the radioactive source.
2. The microirradiator of claim 1, wherein a terminus of the insulating sheath is level with a terminus of the radioactive source.
3. The microirradiator of claim 1, wherein a terminus of the insulating sheath extends beyond a terminus of the radioactive source to define a channel within the insulating sheath.
4. The microirradiator of claim 1, further comprising a contact electrode in electrical communication with the non-radioactive conducting electrode.
5. The microirradiator of claim 4, wherein the contact electrode is electrically coupled to the non-radioactive conducting electrode within the insulating sheath.
6. The microirradiator of claim 1, wherein the average thickness of the electroplated radioactive source along the longitudinal axis is less than or equal to about 50 micrometers.
7. The microirradiator of claim 1, wherein the microirradiator produces an absolute radiation of less than or equal to about 1000 Becquerels and a radiation flux density of greater than or equal to about 104 Becquerels per square centimeter.
8. The microirradiator of claim 1, wherein the non-radioactive conducting electrode is an inert metal, the insulating sheath is a glass capillary tube, and the radioactive source is an elemental radioisotope.
9. The microirradiator of claim 1, wherein a target of radiation has an average longest cross-sectional dimension of less than or equal to about 30 micrometers.
10. A microirradiator, comprising:
a non-radioactive conducting electrode;
an insulating sheath disposed about at least a portion of the non-radioactive conducting electrode along a longitudinal axis of the non-radioactive conducting electrode, wherein a terminus of a first longitudinal end of the non-radioactive conducting electrode extends beyond the insulating sheath to define a probe; and
a radioactive source in electrical communication with the non-radioactive conducting electrode, wherein the radioactive source is electroplated on the probe.
11. The microirradiator of claim 10, further comprising a contact electrode in electrical communication with the non-radioactive conducting electrode.
12. The microirradiator of claim 11, wherein the contact electrode is electrically coupled to the non-radioactive conducting electrode within the insulating sheath.
13. The microirradiator of claim 10, wherein the average thickness of the electroplated radioactive source on the probe is less than or equal to about 50 micrometers.
14. The microirradiator of claim 10, wherein the microirradiator produces an absolute radiation of less than or equal to about 1000 Becquerels and a radiation flux density of greater than or equal to about 104 Becquerels per square centimeter.
15. The microirradiator of claim 10, wherein the non-radioactive conducting electrode is an inert metal, the insulating sheath is a glass capillary tube, and the radioactive source is an elemental radioisotope.
16. The microirradiator of claim 10, wherein the microirradiator is configured to be inserted into a target of radiation.
17. The microirradiator of claim 16, wherein the target of radiation has an average longest cross-sectional dimension of less than or equal to about 30 micrometers.
18. A method for making a microirradiator, the method comprising:
disposing an insulating sheath about at least a portion of a non-radioactive conducting electrode; and
electroplating a radioactive source at or about a terminus of a first longitudinal end of the non-radioactive conducting electrode.
19. The method for making a microirradiator of claim 18, wherein the disposing comprises inserting the non-radioactive conducting electrode into the insulating sheath.
20. The method for making a microirradiator of claim 18, further comprising electrically coupling a contact electrode to the non-radioactive conducting electrode.

1. An optoelectronic semiconductor component comprising:
a light-emitting diode chip with a main radiation side;
the main radiation side having a mean edge length of at least 50 \u03bcm;
a diaphragm arranged downstream of the main radiation side along a main radiation direction of the light-emitting diode chip wherein the diaphragm can be switched from light-impervious to light-pervious and vice versa and wherein the diaphragm has precisely one opening region for radiation transmission; and
a component housing in or on which the diaphragm is mounted.
2. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 1, wherein the diaphragm is shaped like a lens and is configured for beam shaping of a radiation generated by the light-emitting diode chip in operation.
3. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting diode chip is accommodated in a diffusely reflecting light box, the light box being fastened directly to the component housing andor to the diaphragm.
4. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 1, further comprising a lens for beam shaping of the radiation generated by the light-emitting diode chip mounted between the main radiation side and the diaphragm.
5. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting diode chip is accommodated in a chip housing and is electrically connected by the chip housing, the chip housing being fastened directly to the diaphragm andor to the component housing.
6. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 1, wherein:
the diaphragm can be switched from light-impervious to light-pervious with a switching time of not more than 0.3 s;
the light-emitting diode chip is not visible from outside the component housing when the diaphragm is switched to light-impervious;
the opening region covers the light-emitting diode chip completely, when seen along the main radiation direction of the light-emitting diode chip;
the opening region has a mean diameter from 50 \u03bcm to 7 mm inclusive;
the semiconductor component is a flashlight for a mobile image recording device;
the diaphragm is arranged optically immediately downstream of the light-emitting diode chip;
a distance between the diaphragm and the light-emitting diode chip is not more than 3 mm;
the optoelectronic semiconductor component comprises exactly one diaphragm; and
the optoelectronic semiconductor component comprises exactly one light-emitting diode chip emitting white light, or a plurality of light-emitting diode chips that form exactly one group, wherein the group is followed by the diaphragm and a correlated color temperature of white light emitted by the group can be tuned.
7. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 6, wherein, in the spectral range from 470 nm to 720 nm inclusive, a reflection factor of the diaphragm, when it is switched to a light-impervious state, differs from a reflection factor of the component housing at the diaphragm by not more than 30 percentage points, when seen from outside the semiconductor component; and
wherein the diaphragm comprises a component that is movable relative to the light-emitting diode chip.
8. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 7, wherein the diaphragm comprises a plurality of movable components and at least some of the components are folding elements that are folded away in a light-pervious state of the diaphragm and are extended in the light-impervious state of the diaphragm, the folding elements moving at least partially in a direction parallel to the main radiation direction.
9. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 7, wherein the diaphragm comprises a plurality of movable components and at least some of the components are roll elements that are rolled up in a light-pervious state of the diaphragm and are extended in the light-impervious state.
10. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 7, wherein the diaphragm comprises a plurality of movable components and at least some of the movable components are slide elements that are located over the main radiation side in a light-pervious state of the diaphragm and next to the main radiation side in the light-impervious state, when seen from above, the slide elements moving in a direction perpendicular to the main radiation direction.
11. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 7, wherein the diaphragm comprises a light-impervious liquid as the movable component, the light-impervious liquid being located over the main radiation side only in the light-impervious state of the diaphragm.
12. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 11, wherein the diaphragm further comprises a light-pervious liquid as a movable component, the liquids being exchangeable.
13. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 11, wherein the diaphragm comprises as an additional movable component for moving the light-impervious liquid.
14. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 6,
wherein, in the spectral range from 470 nm to 720 nm inclusive, a reflection factor of the diaphragm, when it is switched to a light-impervious state, differs from a reflection factor of the component housing at the diaphragm by not more than 30 percentage points, when seen from outside the semiconductor component,
wherein the diaphragm can reversibly be switched from light-impervious to light-pervious and vice versa,
wherein the diaphragm extends uninterruptedly and continuously over the main radiation side, and
wherein the diaphragm is free of movable mechanical components.
15. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 14, wherein the diaphragm comprises precisely one liquid crystal display cell.
16. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 14, wherein the diaphragm comprises a saturable absorber.
17. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 16, wherein a quencher is added to the saturable absorber.
18. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 14, wherein the diaphragm comprises liquid crystals dispersed in an electrically insulating.
19. The optoelectronic semiconductor component according to claim 18, wherein a polymer is doped with photo-conducting molecules or with photo-chromic molecules or wherein the diaphragm comprises a photo-electrochromic material.
20. An optoelectronic semiconductor component comprising:
a light-emitting diode chip with a main radiation side;
a diaphragm that comprises a component that is movable relative to the light-emitting diode chip, the diaphragm being arranged downstream of the main radiation side along a main radiation direction of the light-emitting diode chip;
a lens for beam shaping of radiation generated by the light-emitting diode chip mounted between the main radiation side and the diaphragm; and
a component housing in or on which the diaphragm is mounted, wherein:
the main radiation side has a mean edge length of at least 50 \u03bcm,
the diaphragm can be switched from light-impervious to light-pervious and vice versa by a movement of the at least one component,
the diaphragm has precisely one opening region for radiation transmission,
the semiconductor component is a flashlight for a mobile image recording device,
the light-emitting diode chip is accommodated in a chip housing and is electrically connected by the chip housing,
the chip housing is fastened directly to the diaphragm and to the component housing, and
in the spectral range from 470 nm to 720 nm inclusive, a reflection factor of the diaphragm, when it is switched to a light-impervious state, differs from a reflection factor of the component housing in a region immediately adjacent to the diaphragm by not more than 30 percentage points, when seen from outside the semiconductor component.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A composition comprising a plurality of independently dispersible particulates, the independently dispersible particulates comprising:
a spheroidal core comprising about 30%-90% ww of an L-carnitine, about 15%-70% ww microcrystalline cellulose, and about 0.5%-1.5% ww hydroxypropyl methylcellulose;
a sub-coat on the spheroidal core, the subcoat comprising hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose present in an amount of about 2%-4% ww of the independently dispersible particulates; and
an enteric coat on the sub-coated spheroidal core, the enteric coat being about 5%-15% ww of the independently dispersible particulates;
wherein the average diameter of the independently dispersible particulates is about 0.1-3 mm.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the L-carnitine is at least one of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, propionyl-L-carnitine, or a combination thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the enteric coat is selected from methacrylic acid co-polymer, cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, or a combination thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the enteric coat comprises a polymeric material that forms a film around the core and a pore former material that generates pores in the film under intestinal pH conditions.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the polymeric material is ethyl cellulose and the pore former material is sodium alginate.
6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a L-carnitine permeation enhancer adapted to assist L-carnitine in permeating biological tissue.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the carnitine permeation enhancer is a p-glycoprotein efflux pump inhibitor.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the p-glycoprotein efflux pump inhibitor is polysorbate 80.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the core further comprises a pellet and wherein the L-carnitine is located on an outer surface of the pellet.
10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the pellet is a non-pareil or microcrystalline cellulose pellet.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the multiparticulate composition is present in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form.
12. A method of treating a physiological condition in a patient, the method comprising administering the composition of claim 1 to the patient.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the physiological condition is selected from carnitine deficiency, age related decline in mitochondrial function, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, angina pectoris, intermittent claudication, end-stage renal failure, Alzheimer’s disease, HIVAIDS, decreased sperm motility or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein administering the composition of claim 1 to the patient comprises administering a capsule having the independently dispersible particulates therein.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein administering the composition of claim 1 to the patient comprises combining the composition of claim 1 with an acidic food vehicle.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein administering the composition of claim 1 to the patient comprises providing a blend of the composition and an acidic food vehicle to the patient through a feeding tube.
17. A method of making a controlled-release multiparticulate composition of carnitine, the method comprising:
producing a spheroidal core comprising about 30%-90% ww of a L-carnitine, about 15%-70% ww microcrystalline cellulose, and about 0.5%-1.5% ww hydroxypropyl methylcellulose;
coating the spheroidal core with a sub-coat comprising hydroxypropropyl methyl cellulose, the sub-coat being about 2%-4% ww of the particulates in the multiparticulate composition;
applying an enteric coat to the sub-coated spheroidal core, the enteric coat being about 5%-15% ww of the particulates in the multiparticulate composition; and
wherein the average diameter of particulates in the multiparticulate composition is about 0.1-3 mm.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the spheroidal core is produced by extrusion and spheronization.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the spheroidal core is produced by blending the carnitine, microcrystalline cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with water to form a met mass, extruding the wet mass, cutting the extruded wet mass into pieces, spheronizing the pieces, and drying the spheronized pieces.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the spheronized pieces are dried at a temperature of about 50\xb0 C.-60\xb0 C.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the spheroidal core is produced by coating a non-pareil or microcrystalline cellulose pellet with the carnitine, microcrystalline cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein the L-carnitine is at least one of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, propionyl-L-carnitine, or a combination thereof.