Author: claimsbot

1. A method for preserving and reusing intermediate data of a render setup graph in computer animation using one or more processors and memory, the method comprising:
receiving a request from a first node of a render setup graph to preserve intermediate data generated by the first node;
in response to receiving the request from the first node to preserve the intermediate data generated by the first node, storing the intermediate data generated by the first node in a file associated with the first node;
receiving a request from a second node of the render setup graph to reuse the intermediate data stored in the file associated with the first node, wherein the request from the second node is independent from processing of input data performed by the first node; and
in response to receiving the request from the second node to reuse the intermediate data generated by the first node,
retrieving the file associated with the first node from storage; and sending the retrieved file to the second node for rendering a scene.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the intermediate data comprises:
determining a storage location for the intermediate data based on at least one of storage availability, amount of free storage space, storage data retrieval speed, the storage location relative to users, or the storage location relative to a processor location rendering the scene,
wherein the storage location is transparent to the first node.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
upon receipt of the request from the first node, constructing a name of the file based on at least one of a name of the first node or a context of the render setup graph.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein retrieving the file comprises:
determining a storage location of the file,
wherein the storage location is transparent to the second node.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the first node to preserve the intermediate data rather than directly send the intermediate data to another node in the render setup graph.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the second node to reuse the intermediate data in the file associated with the first node rather than directly receive the intermediate data from another node in the render setup graph.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request from a third node in a second render setup graph to share the intermediate data generated by the first node with the first node during a collaboration between a first user processing the render setup graph and a second user processing the second render setup graph.
8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising computer-executable instructions for preserving and reusing intermediate data of a render setup graph in computer animation, the computer-executable instructions comprising instructions for:
receiving a request from a first node of a render setup graph to preserve intermediate data generated by the first node;
in response to receiving the request from the first node to preserve the intermediate data generated by the first node, storing the intermediate data generated by the first node in a file associated with the first node;
receiving a request from a second node of the render setup graph to reuse the intermediate data stored in the file associated with the first node, wherein the request from the second node is independent from processing of input data performed by the first node; and
in response to receiving the request from the second node to reuse the intermediate data generated by the first node,
retrieving the file associated with the first node from storage; and
sending the retrieved file to the second node for rendering a scene.
9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein storing the intermediate data comprises:
determining a storage location for the intermediate data based on at least one of storage availability, amount of free storage space, storage data retrieval speed, the storage location relative to users, or the storage location relative to a processor location rendering the scene,
wherein the storage location is transparent to the first node.
10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
upon receipt of the request from the first node, constructing a name of the file based on at least one of a name of the first node or a context of the render setup graph.
11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein retrieving the file comprises:
determining a storage location of the file,
wherein the storage location is transparent to the second node.
12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
configuring the first node to preserve the intermediate data rather than directly send the intermediate data to another node in the render setup graph.
13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
configuring the second node to reuse the intermediate data in the file associated with the first node rather than directly receive the intermediate data from another node in the render setup graph.
14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a request from a third node in a second render setup graph to share the intermediate data generated by the first node with the first node during a collaboration between a first user processing the render setup graph and a second user processing the second render setup graph.
15. An apparatus for preserving and reusing intermediate data of a render setup graph in computer animation, the apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store data; and
a computer processor configured to:
receive a request from a first node of a render setup graph to preserve intermediate data generated by the first node,
in response to receiving the request from the first node to preserve the intermediate data generated by the first node, store the intermediate data generated by the first node in a file associated with the first node,
receive a request from a second node of the render setup graph to reuse the intermediate data stored in the file associated with the first node, wherein the request from the second node is independent from processing of input data performed by the first node, and
in response to receiving the request from the second node to reuse the intermediate data generated by the first node,
retrieve the file associated with the first node from storage, and
send the retrieved file to the second node for rendering a scene.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the computer processor configured to store the intermediate data:
determines a storage location for the intermediate data based on at least one of storage availability, amount of free storage space, storage data retrieval speed, the storage location relative to users, or the storage location relative to a processor location rendering the scene,
wherein the storage location is transparent to the first node.
17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the computer processor is further configured to:
upon receipt of the request from the first node, construct a name of the file based on at least one of a name of the first node or a context of the render setup graph.
18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the computer processor configured to retrieve the file:
determines a storage location of the file,
wherein the storage location is transparent to the second node.
19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the computer processor is further configured to:
configure the first node to preserve the intermediate data rather than directly send the intermediate data to another node in the render setup graph.
20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the computer processor is further configured to:
configure the second node to reuse the intermediate data in the file associated with the first node rather than directly receive the intermediate data from another node in the render setup graph.
21. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the computer processor is further configured to:
receive a request from a third node in a second render setup graph to share the intermediate data generated by the first node with the first node during a collaboration between a first user processing the render setup graph and a second user processing the second render setup graph.
22. A system for preserving and reusing intermediate data of a render setup graph in computer animation, the system comprising:
at least one client device configured to process a render setup graph so as to generate intermediate data to preserve and to reuse the preserved intermediate data;
at least one storage device configured to store the generated intermediate data; and
a data management device configured to:
receive a request from the at least one client device to preserve the generated intermediate data,
in response to receiving the request from the at least one client device to preserve the generated intermediate data, store the generated intermediate data on the at least one storage device,
receive a request from the at least one client device to reuse the preserved intermediate data stored on the at least one storage device, wherein the request from the at least one client device to reuse the preserved intermediate data is independent from processing of input data performed by the at least one client device, and
in response to receiving the request from the at least one client device to reuse the preserved intermediate data,
retrieve the preserved intermediate data from the at least one storage device, and
send the retrieved intermediate data to the at least one client device for rendering a scene.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus for maintaining palletized goods in a controlled environment, comprising:
an insulated cabinet defined by a top wall, a bottom wall, a back wall, and left and right side walls defining an upright container with a generally open front having a perimeter; said open front being sealable by a front wall constructed as a selectively openable access means in sealing engagement with said perimeter, said cabinet having a depth sufficient to receive two rows deep of palletized goods and a height sufficient to receive a plurality of palletized goods in a vertically stacked arrangement wherein said cabinet has a plurality of tiers;
at least one insulated vertical wall normal and contiguous to said back wall and extending from said top wall to said bottom wall which define at least two vertically oriented chambers in said cabinet, said at least one vertical wall having front edges in a coplanar arrangement with said perimeter and including sealing means thereon engageable with said front wall, each of said vertically oriented chambers have opposing side surfaces and a width sufficient to received two pallets of produce in a spaced apart relationship;
a plurality of horizontal rack assemblies in each of said chambers corresponding to each of said tiers defining a plurality of pallet receiving compartments within said chamber, said horizontal rack assemblies adapted to receive palletized goods in a two deep and two across arrangement such that the palletized goods are in a spaced apart relationship defining an interstitial air space there between and side airspaces on either side, said plurality of horizontal rack assemblies each having left and right sides adjacent said opposing side surfaces;
left and right vertical sidewalls respectively adjacent to said opposing side surfaces in each of said pallet receiving compartments, said left and right vertical sidewalls positioned to adjacently align with pallets inserted therein wherein said sidewalls cooperate with the pallets to define left and right plenum chambers encompassing said side air spaces; said vertical sidewalls dimensioned to expose portion of the pallets to said plenum chamber;
an airflow generating means in airflow communication with each of said chambers constructed and arranged to provide airflow into each chamber;
a refrigeration means in operative communication with said airflow generating means; and
at least one damper disposed between said vertical side walls and one of said opposing side surfaces configured to prevent airflow through said plenum chamber in a closed position and permitting airflow therethrough in an open position; with said damper being operatively associated with a lever means adjacent thereto which is configured and positioned to be displaceable by the insertion of a pallet of goods into said pallet receiving compartment; wherein the displacement of said lever means opens said damper to permit airflow through said plenum chamber adjacent the pallet.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of vertically oriented gaskets affixed to each of said opposing side surfaces of said plurality of chambers and extending from said top wall to said bottom wall, said gaskets adapted to engage with vertical edges of a pallet of goods inserted therein.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least three gaskets are respectively positioned proximate said back wall, said front perimeter, and at a midpoint therebetween thus defining a division of each of said compartment into forward and rearward sections;
wherein said gaskets engage with vertical edges of a pallet of goods inserted therein to partially close said side airspace adjacent to the pallet of goods, and said airflow generating means causes air to flow between said interstitial spaces and said side plenum chambers.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said dampers are located in each of said forward and rearward sections of said pallet receiving compartments whereby airflow is only directed through said forward or rearward sections having pallets inserted therein.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said front wall is be constructed as a plurality of sliding doors disposed in tracks in said top wall said bottom wall.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said refrigeration means and airflow generating means are disposed in a housing positioned under said bottom wall, and said bottom wall includes a plurality of apertures permitting airflow therethrough.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said plurality of apertures are respectively positioned to align with said plenum chambers and said interstitial air space.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said refrigeration means and airflow generating means are disposed in a housing positioned above said top wall, and said top wall includes apertures therein permitting airflow therethrough.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said plurality of apertures are respectively positioned to align with said plenum chambers and said interstitial air space.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of said horizontal rack assemblies has a perimeter, wherein a portion of said perimeter adjacent said front wall includes a gasket attached thereto adapted for sealing engagement with said front wall.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said airflow means is a forced-air fan.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a means for introducing gas into said chambers.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said gas is ethylene.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the horizontal rack assembly comprises:
two pairs of longitudinal carrier rails, each spaced apart to support a pallet load therebetween and extending from said back wall to said front perimeter;
a lateral support coplanar with said front perimeter attached to said opposing side surfaces of said chamber wherein said carrier rails are secured to said lateral support;
at least one cart sized to receive a pallet load, said cart including wheels positioned within one of the two pairs of longitudinal carrier rails permitting rolling translation of said cart along one of the two pairs of longitudinal carrier rails; and
elastic biasing means connecting said lateral support and said cart, wherein said cart is biased in a forward position, whereby a first pallet can be loaded onto said cart and urged to a rearward position by loading a second pallet onto said carrier rails, and said cart returns to the forward position upon removal of the second pallet.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said elastic biasing means comprises a length of elastic cord.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said at least one cart includes a top wall having upper and lower surfaces, said top wall having a front lip and a rear lip depending downwardly therefrom; and said length of elastic cord includes first and second ends, wherein said first end is secured to said lateral support rack and said second end is secured to said rear lip of said at least one cart.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said at least one cart includes at least two pulleys rotatably mounted under said top wall having an axis of rotation normal to said top wall, and said at least two pulleys each have a circumferential groove sized to receive said elastic cord, wherein said elastic cord is looped around said at least two pulleys.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said at least two pulleys comprise a first pulley secured to said rear lip and a second pulley means secured to said front lip, whereby said elastic cord extends from said lateral support rack to loop around said first pulley second pulley sequentially and said second end of said elastic cord is fixedly attached to said rear lip.
19. An apparatus for maintaining palletized goods in a controlled environment, comprising:
an insulated cabinet defined by a top wall, a bottom wall, a back wall, and opposing side walls defining an upright container with a generally open front having a perimeter; said open front being sealable by a front wall constructed as a selectively openable access means in sealing engagement with said perimeter, said cabinet having a depth sufficient to receive two rows deep of palletized goods and a height sufficient to receive a plurality of palletized goods in a vertically stacked arrangement wherein said cabinet has a plurality of tiers;
at least one insulated vertical wall normal and contiguous to said back wall and extending from said top wall to said bottom wall which define at least two vertically oriented chambers in said cabinet, said at least one vertical wall having front edges in a coplanar arrangement with said perimeter and including sealing means thereon engageable with said front wall, each of said vertically oriented chambers have opposing side surfaces and a width sufficient to received two pallets of produce in a spaced apart relationship;
an airflow generating means in airflow communication with each of said chambers constructed and arranged to provide airflow into each chamber;
a refrigeration means in operative communication with said airflow generating means; and
a plurality of horizontal rack assemblies in each of said chambers corresponding to each of said tiers defining a plurality of pallet receiving compartments within said chamber, said horizontal rack assemblies adapted to receive palletized goods in a two deep and two across arrangement such that the palletized goods are in a spaced apart relationship defining an interstitial air space there between and side airspaces on either side, said plurality of horizontal rack assemblies each having left and right sides adjacent said opposing side surfaces, said horizontal rack assemblies each comprising:
two pairs of longitudinal carrier rails, each spaced apart to support a pallet load therebetween and extending from said back wall to said front perimeter;
a lateral support coplanar with said front perimeter attached to said opposing side surfaces of said chamber wherein said carrier rails are secured to said lateral support;
at least one cart sized to receive a pallet load, said cart including wheels positioned within one of the two pairs of longitudinal carrier rails permitting rolling translation of said cart along one of the two pairs of longitudinal carrier rails; and
elastic biasing means connecting said lateral support and said cart, wherein said cart is biased in a forward position, whereby a first pallet can be loaded onto said cart and urged to a rearward position by loading a second pallet onto said carrier rails, and said cart returns to the forward position upon removal of the second pallet.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said elastic biasing means comprises a length of elastic cord.
21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said at least one cart includes a top wall having upper and lower surfaces, said top wall having a front lip and a rear lip depending downwardly therefrom; and said length of elastic cord includes first and second ends, wherein said first end is secured to said lateral support rack and said second end is secured to said rear lip of said at least one cart.
22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said at least one cart includes at least two pulleys rotatably mounted under said top wall having an axis of rotation normal to said top wall, and said at least two pulleys each have a circumferential groove sized to receive said elastic cord, wherein said elastic cord is looped around said at least two pulleys.
23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said at least two pulleys comprise a first pulley secured to said rear lip and a second pulley means secured to said front lip, whereby said elastic cord extends from said lateral support rack to loop around said first pulley second pulley sequentially and said second end of said elastic cord is fixedly attached to said rear lip.
24. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said elastic biasing means is a bungee cord having hooks attach to each end, and said lateral support and said rear lip of said cart each have eye bolts attached thereto, whereby said hooks of said bungee cord can be inserted through said eye bolts.
25. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said front wall is be constructed as a plurality of sliding doors disposed in tracks in said top wall said bottom wall.
26. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said refrigeration means and airflow generating means are disposed in a housing positioned under said bottom wall, and said bottom wall includes apertures therein permitting upward therethrough.
27. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said refrigeration means and airflow generating means are disposed in a housing positioned above said top wall, and said top wall includes apertures therein permitting airflow therethrough.
28. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of said horizontal rack assemblies has a perimeter, wherein a portion of said perimeter adjacent said front wall includes a gasket attached thereto adapted for sealing engagement with said front wall.

1. An acoustic wave filter, comprising:
a first electroacoustic transducer for surface acoustic waves or for guided bulk acoustic waves having a first metallization ratio \u03b71;
a second electroacoustic transducer having a second metallization ratio \u03b72, wherein the following hold true:
0.2\u2266\u03b71\u22660.8,
0.2\u2266\u03b72\u22660.8 and
\u03b71\u03b72\u22660.8; and
an antenna connection, wherein the first electroacoustic transducer is interconnected between the antenna connection and the second electroacoustic transducer.
2. The acoustic wave filter according to claim 1, wherein the first electroacoustic transducer has N1 fingers and a static capacitance C01, the second electroacoustic transducer has N2 fingers and a static capacitance C02, and wherein the following hold true:
N1>N2 and
0.9*C02\u2266C01\u22661.1*C02.
3. The acoustic wave filter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first electroacoustic transducer has an aperture W1 and the second electroacoustic transducer has an aperture W2, and wherein the following holds true: W1>W2.
4. The acoustic wave filter according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave filter is a duplexer having a Tx path and an Rx path, and the first electroacoustic transducer and the second electroacoustic transducer are interconnected in series in a signal path, selected from the Tx path or the Rx path.
5. The acoustic wave filter according to claim 4, further comprising:
a BAW resonator,
wherein the first electroacoustic transducer and the second electroacoustic transducer are interconnected in series in the Rx path and the BAW resonator is interconnected in the Tx path.
6. The acoustic wave filter according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a phase shifter is interconnected between the Tx path and the Rx path.
7. The acoustic wave filter according to claim 1, wherein the first electroacoustic transducer and the second electroacoustic transducer have the same static capacitance C0 and the first electroacoustic transducer has more fingers or a smaller aperture than the second electroacoustic transducer.
8. The acoustic wave filter according to claim 1, comprising transducers cascaded in parallel.
9. A method for producing an acoustic wave filter, comprising the following steps:
providing an acoustic wave filter according to claim 1, the acoustic wave filter comprising the first electroacoustic transducer having the first metallization ratio \u03b71 and the second electroacoustic transducer having the second metallization ratio \u03b72;
progressively reducing the ratio \u03b71\u03b72 and determining the nonlinear components up to \u03b71=0.2 and \u03b72=0.8; and
setting the ratio \u03b71\u03b72 which is distinguished by the smallest undesirable frequency components.
10. An acoustic wave filter, comprising:
a first electroacoustic transducer for surface acoustic waves or for guided bulk acoustic waves having a first metallization ratio \u03b71;
a second electroacoustic transducer having a second metallization ratio \u03b72, wherein the following hold true:
0.2\u2266\u03b71\u22660.8,
0.2\u2266\u03b72\u22660.8 and
\u03b71\u03b72\u22660.8,
wherein the acoustic wave filter is a duplexer having a Tx path and an Rx path, and the first electroacoustic transducer and the second electroacoustic transducer are interconnected in series in a signal path, selected from the Tx path or the Rx path; and
a BAW resonator, wherein the first electroacoustic transducer and the second electroacoustic transducer are interconnected in series in the Rx path and the BAW resonator is interconnected in the Tx path.
11. An acoustic wave filter, comprising:
a first electroacoustic transducer for surface acoustic waves or for guided bulk acoustic waves having a first metallization ratio \u03b71; and
a second electroacoustic transducer having a second metallization ratio \u03b72, wherein the following hold true:
0.2\u2266\u03b71\u22660.8,
0.2\u2266\u03b72\u22660.8 and
\u03b71\u03b72\u22660.8,
wherein the acoustic wave filter is a duplexer having a Tx path and an Rx path, and the first electroacoustic transducer and the second electroacoustic transducer are interconnected in series in a signal path, selected from the Tx path or the Rx path, and
wherein a phase shifter is interconnected between the Tx path and the Rx path.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A process for preparing a 2-alkyl-3-aminothiophene derivative represented by the formula (1):

37
wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted, aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring which may be substituted, each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2, R3 and R4, R1 and R3, R1 and R4, R2 and R3 or R2 and R4 may together form a cycloalkyl group, comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula (2):

38
wherein, R is as defined above, with a compound represented by the formula (3):

39
wherein, each of R1a, R2a, R3a and R4a independently represents a hydrogen atom, straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or straight or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1a and R2a, R3a and R4a, R1a and R3a, R1a and R4a, R2 and R3a or R2a and R4a may together form a cycloalkyl group or cycloalkenyl group, in the presence of an acid, and reducing the resulted reaction mixture.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted or phenyl group which may be substituted.
3. The process according to claim 2 wherein each of R1, R2and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, R4represent an isopropyl group, each of R1a, R2a and R3a represents a hydrogen atom and R4a represent an isopropyl group.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein R represents a group represented by any of the following (A1) to (A12):

40
wherein, R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, R6 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group, halogen atom, methoxy group or amino group, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or methoxy group, R8 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, and n represents an integer from 0 to 2, and herein, in the case of (A9), (A10) or (A11), R5 is not a halogen atom.
5. The process according to claim 4 wherein R represents (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) or (A9).
6. The process according to claim 5 wherein R represents (A1), (A2), (A3) or (A4).
7. The process according to claim 6 wherein R represents (A1).
8. The process according to claim 7 wherein R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group and R7 represents a hydrogen atom.
9. The process according to claim 8 wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, R4 represent an isopropyl group, each of R1a, R2a and R3a represents a hydrogen atom and R4a represent an isopropyl group.
10. A process for preparing a mixture of 2-alkenyl-3-aminothiophene derivatives containing compounds represented by the formulae (4a), (4b), (4c) and (4d) respectively:

41
wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted, aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring which may be substituted, each of R1a, R2a, R3a and R4a independently represents a hydrogen atom, straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or straight or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1a and R2a R3a and R4a, R1a and R3a, R1a and R4a, R2a and R3a or R2a and R4a may together form a cycloalkyl group or cycloalkenyl group, comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula (2):

42
wherein, R is as defined above, with a compound represented by the formula (3):

43
wherein, R1a to R4a are as define above, in the-presence of an acid.
11. The process according to claim 10 wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted or phenyl group which may be substituted.
12. The process according to claim 11 wherein each of R1a, R2a and R3a represents a hydrogen atom and R4a represent an isopropyl group.
13. The process according to claim 10 where-in R represents a group represented by any of the following (A1) to (A12):

44
wherein, R5represents a trifluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, R6 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group, halogen atom, methoxy group or amino group, R7 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or methoxy group, R8 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, and n represents an integer from 0 to 2, and herein, in the case of (A9), (A10) or (A11), R5 is not a halogen atom.
14. The process according to claim 13 wherein R represents (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) or (A9).
15. The process according to claim 14 wherein R represents (A1), (A2), (A3) or (A4).
16. The process according to claim 15 wherein R represents (A1).
17. The process according to claim 16 wherein R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group and R7 represents a hydrogen atom.
18. The processs according to claim 17 wherein each of R1a, R2a and R3a represents a hydrogen atom and R~a represent an isopropyl group.
19. A process for preparing 2-alkyl-3-aminothiophene represented by the formula (la):

45
wherein, Ra represents a group represented by any of the following (A1) to (A12):

46
wherein, R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, R6 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group, halogen atom, methoxy group or amino group, R7 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or methoxy group, R8 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, and n represents an integer from 0 to 2, and herein, in the case of (A9), (A10) or (A11), R5 is not a halogen atom, each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2, R3 and R4, R1 and R3, R1 and R4, R1 and R3 or R2 and R4 may together form a cycloalkyl group, comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula (2):

47
wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted or aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring which may be substituted, with a compound represented by the formula (3):

48
wherein, each of R1a, R2a, R3a and R4a independently represents a hydrogen atom, straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or straight or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1a and R2a, R3a and R4a, R1a and R3a, R1a and R4a, R2a and R3a or R2a and R4a may together form a cycloalkyl group or cycloalkenyl group, in the presence of an acid, reducing the resulted reaction mixture to obtain a compound represented by the formula (1):

49
wherein, R, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above, further hydrolyzing the resultant compound under acidic or alkaline condition to obtain a compound represented by the formula (5):

50
wherein, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above, and reacting this compound with a compound represented by the formula (8a):

51
wherein, Ra is as defined above.
20. The process according to claim 19 wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted or phenyl group which may be substituted, Ra represents (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) or (A9).
21. The process according to claim 20 wherein Ra represents (A1), R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group, R7 represents a hydrogen atom, each of R1, R2 and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, R4 represent an isopropyl group, each of R1a, R2a and R3a represents a hydrogen atom and R4a represent an isopropyl group.
22. A 3-aminothiophene derivative represented by the formula (6a):

52
wherein, R9 represents a hydrogen atom, carboxyl group or alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Ra represents a group represented by any of the following (A1) to (A12):

53
wherein, R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, R6 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group, halogen atom, methoxy group-or amino group, R7 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or methoxy group, R8 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, and n represents an integer from 0 to 2, and herein, in the case of (A9) , (A10) or (A11), R5 is not a halogen atom.
23. The 3-aminothiophene derivative according to claim 22 wherein Ra represents (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) or (A9).
24. The 3-aminothiophene derivative according to claim 23 wherein Ra represents (A1), (A2), (A3) or (A4).
25. The 3-aminothiophene derivative according to claim 24 wherein Ra represents (A1).
26. The 3-aminothiophene derivative according to claim 25 wherein R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group and R7 represents a hydrogen atom.
27. A mixture of 2-alkenyl-3-aminothiophene derivatives containing compounds represented by the formulae (4a), (4b), (4c) and (4d) respectively:

54
wherein, Rb represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted or aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring which may be substituted, and each of R1a, R2a, R3a and R4a independently represents a hydrogen atom, straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon 5 atoms or straight or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1a and R2a, R3a and R4a, R1a and R3a, R1a and R4a R2a and R3a or R2a and R4a may together form a cycloalkyl group or cycloalkenyl group, excepting the case in which Rb represents a group represented by any of the following (A1) to (A12):

55
wherein, R5represents a trifluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, R6 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group, halogen atom, methoxy group or amino group, R7 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or methoxy group, R8 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, and n represents an integer from 0 to 2, and herein, in the case of (A9), (A10) or (A11), R5 is not a halogen atom, and the case in which Rb represents a tert-butoxy group and R1a, R2a, R3a and R4a all represent a hydrogen atom being excluded.
28. The mixture according to claim 27 wherein Rb represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted or phenyl group which may be substituted.
29. The mixture according to claim 28 wherein each of R1a, R2a and R3a represents a hydrogen atom and R4a represent an isopropyl group.
30. A 2-alkyl-3-aminothiophene derivative represented by the formula (1b):

56
wherein, Rb represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted or aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring which may be substituted, and each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2, R3 and R4, R1 and R3, R1 and R, R2 and R3 or R2 and R4 may together form a cycloalkyl group, excepting the case in which Rb represents a group represented by any of the following (A1) to (A12):

57
wherein, R5 represents a trifluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, R1 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group, halogen atom, methoxy group or amino group, R7 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or methoxy group, R8represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group or halogen atom, and n represents an integer from 0 to 2, and herein, in the case of (A9), (A10) or (A11), R5 is not a halogen atom.
31. The 2-alkenyl-3-aminothiophene derivative according to claim 30 wherein Rb represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or alkoxy group which may be substituted or phenyl group which may be substituted.
32. The mixture according to claim 31 wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 represents a hydrogen atom and R4 represent an isopropyl group.