Author: claimsbot

1. A rotation speed regulating mechanism for pneumatic tools, comprising:
an air intake member which includes a hollow element, an air outlet end extended axially from one end, an air inlet end extended axially from another end thereof, an air regulation port and an air inlet, the air outlet end and the air inlet end being not communicating with each other from distal ends thereof, the air regulation port and the air inlet being formed radially to communicate with the air inlet end and the air outlet end, the air intake member further having an external screw thread on the periphery thereof;
an airflow knob having an annular sleeve which has an internal screw thread to couple with the external screw thread of the air intake member to move the annular sleeve relative to the air intake member for adjusting covering range of the air regulation port and regulating airflow passing through the air regulation port to regulate rotation speed in a stepless fashion; and
a shell fixedly coupled on an outer side of the air intake member to encase the air intake member and the annular sleeve and form a gap between the shell and the air intake member to receive the airflow.
2. The rotation speed regulating mechanism of claim 1, wherein the internal screw thread and the external screw thread are a single thread.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus comprising:
a first sensor producing a first data signal characterizing a carbon dioxide concentration in the gas stream, the first sensor comprising a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer comprising a laser light source that is modulated at a modulation frequency while being scanned over a wavelength range that includes a selected absorption transition for carbon dioxide and a detector that detects an intensity of light reaching the detector at a multiple of the modulation frequency after light from the laser light source passes through the gas stream, the first data signal comprising the intensity as a function of wavelength at the multiple of the modulation frequency; and
a master processor that receives the first data signal and measurements of pressure and temperature in the gas stream, the master processor performing operations comprising:
demodulating the intensity as a function of wavelength at the multiple of the modulation frequency received in the first data signal to remove a sloping baseline caused by the scanning of the laser light source over the wavelength range and to calculate the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas stream based on a signal strength of the demodulated intensity at the selected absorption transitions;
calculating a total nitrogen and inert species concentration in the gas stream as a remainder when the calculated carbon dioxide concentration and an inferred total hydrocarbon concentration are subtracted from 100%, the inferred total hydrocarbon concentration in the gas stream being based on a database of characteristic natural gas concentrations; and
implementing an algorithm that determines an energy content of the gas stream using as inputs the measured temperature, the measured pressure, the carbon dioxide concentration, and the calculated total nitrogen and inert species concentration.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising one or more connections configured to attach to a fitting on a gas pipeline to divert the sample gas stream from the gas pipeline to the first sensor.
3. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the selected absorption transition for carbon dioxide is between approximately 2003 and 2004 nm.
4. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising one or more connections configured to attach to a fitting on a gas pipeline to divert the sample gas stream from the gas pipeline to the first sensor.
5. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the wavelength range is between approximately 1300 nm and 2100 nm.
6. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the detector comprises at least one of an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode, an indium arsenide photodiode, an indium antimonide detector, an indium arsenide (InAs) photodetector, a silicon (Si) photodetector, a germanium (Ge) photodiode, a mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT) detector, and a lead-sulfide (PbS) detector.
7. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a first data signal characterizing a carbon dioxide concentration in a gas stream, the first data signal comprising a light intensity as a function of wavelength at a multiple of a modulation frequency, the modulation frequency being imposed on a laser light source of a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer as the laser light source is scanned over a wavelength range that includes a selected absorption transition for carbon dioxide;
demodulating the intensity as a function of wavelength at the multiple of the modulation frequency to remove a sloping baseline caused by the scanning of the laser light source over the wavelength range and to calculate the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas stream based on a signal strength of the demodulated intensity at the selected absorption transition;
receiving measurements of pressure and temperature in the gas stream;
calculating a total nitrogen and inert species concentration in the gas stream as a remainder when the calculated carbon dioxide concentration and an inferred total hydrocarbon concentration are subtracted from 100%, the inferred total hydrocarbon concentration in the gas stream being based on a database of characteristic natural gas concentrations; and
implementing an algorithm that determines an energy content of the gas stream using as inputs the received measurements of temperature and pressure, the calculated carbon dioxide concentration, and the calculated total nitrogen and inert species concentration.
8. A method as in claim 7, further comprising producing the first signal using the tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer.
9. A method as in claim 8, wherein the producing the first signal further comprises modulating the laser light source at the modulation frequency and detecting the light intensity as the function of wavelength at the multiple of a modulation frequency using a detector.
10. A method as in claim 7, wherein the selected absorption transition for carbon dioxide is between approximately 2003 and 2004 nm.
11. A method as in claim 7, wherein the wavelength range is between approximately 1300 nm and 2100 nm.
12. A method as in claim 7, wherein the light intensity is measured by a detector of the first sensor, the detector comprising at least one of an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode, an indium arsenide photodiode, an indium antimonide detector, an indium arsenide (InAs) photodetector, a silicon (Si) photodetector, a germanium (Ge) photodiode, a mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCI) detector, and a lead-sulfide (PbS) detector.
13. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one programmable processor, cause the at least one programmable processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first data signal characterizing a carbon dioxide concentration in a gas stream, the first data signal comprising a light intensity as a function of wavelength at a multiple of a modulation frequency, the modulation frequency being imposed on a laser light source of a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer as the laser light source is scanned over a wavelength range that includes a selected absorption transition for carbon dioxide;
demodulating the intensity as a function of wavelength at the multiple of the modulation frequency to remove a sloping baseline caused by the scanning of the laser light source over the wavelength range and to calculate the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas stream based on a signal strength of the demodulated intensity at the selected absorption transition;
receiving measurements of pressure and temperature in the gas stream;
calculating a total nitrogen and inert species concentration in the gas stream as a remainder when the calculated carbon dioxide concentration and an inferred total hydrocarbon concentration are subtracted from 100%, the inferred total hydrocarbon concentration in the gas stream being based on a database of characteristic natural gas concentrations; and
implementing an algorithm that determines an energy content of the gas stream using as inputs the received measurements of temperature and pressure, the calculated carbon dioxide concentration, and the calculated total nitrogen and inert species concentration.
14. A computer program product as in claim 13, further comprising producing the first signal using the tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer.
15. A computer program product as in claim 14, wherein the producing the first signal further comprises modulating the laser light source at the modulation frequency and detecting the light intensity as the function of wavelength at the multiple of a modulation frequency using a detector.
16. A computer program product as in claim 13, wherein the wavelength range is between approximately 1300 nm and 2100 nm.
17. A computer program product as in claim 13, wherein the light intensity is measured by a detector of the first sensor, the detector comprising at least one of an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode, an indium arsenide photodiode, an indium antimonide detector, an indium arsenide (InAs) photodetector, a silicon (Si) photodetector, a germanium (Ge) photodiode, a mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT) detector, and a lead-sulfide (PbS) detector.

1. Computer readable medium comprising a computer software code for autonomously self-healing each system of a plurality of systems of a locomotive having at least one computer, said computer software code comprising:
a. a software module for a computer for monitoring operational conditions said each system of said plurality of systems;
b. a software module for a computer for detecting at least one of a pending and a current failure in at least one of said systems;
c. a software module for a computer for determining a self-healing procedure to correct said failure in at least one of said systems;
d. a software module for a computer for applying said self-healing procedure comprising code for at least one of a self-healing control technique, a redundancy technique, and an automatic fix technique to correct said failure in at least one of said systems;
e. wherein at least one of the software module for a computer for determining a self-healing procedure and the software module for a computer for applying said self-healing procedure comprises code for providing a sub-software module for operating a controller at less than an optimal level while using an alternate software module to perform controller functions; and
f. wherein said code for the hardware and software redundancy technique further comprises code for ceasing use of a software program associated with said system experiencing said failure and using a redundant copy of said software program.
2. The computer readable medium of claim 1 wherein said code for the self-healing control technique comprises code for operating said system in a safe mode condition.
3. The computer readable medium of claim 1 wherein said code for the redundancy technique comprises code for using a hardware and software redundancy technique.
4. The computer readable medium of claim 3 wherein said code for the hardware and software redundancy technique further comprises code for ceasing use of said system experiencing said failure and using a redundant system.
5. The computer readable medium of claim 3 wherein said code for the hardware and software redundancy technique further comprises code for reprogramming said redundant system to replace said system experiencing said failure.
6. The computer readable medium of claim 1 wherein said code for the automatic fix technique comprises code for automatically resetting said system when a pending fault is detected.
7. The computer readable medium-of claim 1 further comprising a software module for logging an alert if at least one of said self-healing techniques did not correct said failure and a level of confidence does not exceed a desired threshold.
8. The computer readable medium of claim 1 wherein the software module for determining said self-healing technique further comprises code for evaluating said failure with a matrix comprising a list of failures fixable with said self-healing technique.
9. Computer readable medium comprising a computer software code for autonomously self-healing each system of a plurality of systems of a locomotive having at least one computer; said computer software code comprising:
a. a software module for a computer for monitoring operational conditions of said each system of said plurality of systems of the locomotive
b. a software module for a computer for detecting at least one of a pending and a current failure in at least one of said systems based on a change in operational conditions;
c. a software module for a computer for determining a self-healing procedure to correct said failure in at least one of said system;
d. a software module for a computer for applying said self-healing procedure comprising code for at least one of a self-healing control technique, a redundancy technique, and an automatic fix technique to correct said failure in at least one of said systems;
e. wherein said code for the self-healing control technique comprises code for providing a software module for operating a controller at less than an optimal level while using an alternate software module to perform controller functions; and
f. wherein said code for the hardware and software redundancy technique further comprises code for applying an analytical model to estimate a measurable value generated by said system when said value can not be measured due to said failure.
10. The computer readable medium of claim 9 wherein said code for the self-healing control technique comprises code for operating said system in a safe mode condition.
11. The computer readable medium of claim 9 wherein said code for the redundancy technique comprises code for using a hardware and software redundancy technique.
12. The computer readable medium of claim 11 wherein said code for the hardware and software redundancy technique further comprises code for ceasing use of said system experiencing said failure and using a redundant system.
13. The computer readable medium of claim 11 wherein said code for the hardware and software redundancy technique further comprises code for reprogramming said redundant system to replace said system experiencing said failure.
14. The computer readable medium of claim 9 wherein said code for the automatic fix technique comprises code for automatically resetting said system when a pending fault is detected.
15. The computer readable medium of claim 9 further comprising a software module for logging an alert if at least one of said self-healing techniques did not correct said failure and a level of confidence does not exceed a desired threshold.
16. The computer readable medium of claim 9 wherein the software module for determining said self-healing technique further comprises code for evaluating said failure with a matrix comprising a list of failures fixable with said self-healing technique.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, at least one foldable side section, at least one foldable spacer flap, and at least one tab projecting from at least one side section; and
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered on one side to one of said tabs;
wherein one or more of the side sections is folded upwardly about suitable fold lines to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the base section and the film, then the one or more side sections are folded downwardly about suitable fold lines to be underneath and substantially flat against the base section, whereby the downward folding causes one or more of said tabs to swing approximately 180 degrees, thereby stretching and tensioning the film.
2. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 1, wherein once the one or more side sections are underneath and substantially flat against base section, the spacer flaps are folded upwardly to provide spacing andor support above the base section.
3. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 2, wherein the spacer flaps are provided with notches which accommodate extensions on the base section, thereby locking the spacer flaps in the upright position.
4. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 2, wherein the insert further comprises one or more lifting tabs that move in a direction opposite from the spacer flaps when the spacer flaps are folded.
5. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, two side sections, and two spacer flaps, with each spacer flap having two cinching flaps; and
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered to the side sections;
wherein the side sections are folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the base section and the film, then the cinching flaps are folded upwardly and the spacer flaps are folded upwardly, with the cinching flaps positioned on the inside of the side sections, causing the cinching flaps to press against and cinch the film.
6. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, a single side section, and one or more spacer flaps;
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered to the base section and to the side section;
wherein the side section is folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the base section and the film, then the side section is folded downwardly until it is underneath and substantially flat against the base section, then the spacer flaps are folded upwardly.
7. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 6, wherein the spacer flaps extend beyond the width of the base section.
8. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 6, wherein the extent of the spacer flaps is coextensive with the width of the base section.
9. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 6, wherein the spacer flaps are separated from the base section or respective side section by cuts.
10. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, at least one foldable side section, at least one foldable spacer flap, and at least one tab projecting from at least one side section; and
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered on one side to one of said tabs;
wherein one or more of the side sections is folded upwardly about suitable fold lines to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between one or more of the side sections and the film, then the one or more side sections are folded downwardly about suitable fold lines to be underneath and substantially flat against the base section, whereby the downward folding causes one or more of said tabs to swing approximately 180 degrees, thereby stretching and tensioning the film.
11. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, a single side section, and one or more spacer flaps;
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered to the base section and to the side section;
wherein the side section is folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the side section and the film, then the side section is folded downwardly until it is underneath and substantially flat against the base section, then the spacer flaps are folded in a direction toward the side section.
12. A package insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, two first side sections, two second side sections and two spacer flaps;
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered to at least one of the two first side sections and the two second side sections;
wherein the at least one of the two first side sections and the two second side sections are folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the base section and the film, then the two first side sections and the two second side sections are folded downwardly, thereby stretching and tensioning the film, and then the two spacer flaps are folded upwardly.
13. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of the second side sections includes complementary and engageable locking tabs.
14. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 12, wherein the downwardly folded first side sections and second side sections define a space adjacent to the panel.
15. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, two side sections, and two first spacer flaps, the base section including a slot and at least one spacer tab insertable through the slot;
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered to the side sections;
wherein the side sections are folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the base section and the film, and then the side sections are folded downwardly and the spacer tab is inserted through the slot, thereby stretching and tensioning the film.
16. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 15, wherein the panel further includes second spacer flaps extending from each of the two side sections.
17. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 15, wherein the base section includes a hole configured to accommodate at least a portion of the one or more products when the spacer tab is inserted through the slot.
18. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, two first side sections, two second side sections, two first spacer sections and two second spacer sections;
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered to the first side sections;
wherein the first side sections are folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the base section and the film, then the first side sections are folded downwardly to stretch and tension the film, the second side sections are folded in an opposite direction to the first side sections, the first spacer sections are folded upwardly and the second spacer sections are folded downwardly.
19. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 18, wherein the base section includes spacer tabs configured to abut the second spacer sections when the second spacer sections are folded downwardly.
20. A packaging insert as claimed in claim 18, where the panel includes at least one strain relief slot arranged in accordance with at least one folding line of at least one of the first side sections, the second side sections, the first spacer sections and the second spacer sections.
21. A packaging insert comprising:
(a) a panel having a base section, two first side sections, two second side sections, two spacer sections and a locking tab arrangement;
(b) a plastic film extending across the base section and adhered to the first side sections;
wherein the first side sections are folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate one or more products between the base section and the film, then the first side sections are folded downwardly to stretch and tension the film, the second side sections being foldable between a first position adjacent to the base section and a section position adjacent to the first side sections, the spacer sections being foldable into an upright position when the second side sections are folded into the second position, the locking tab arrangement being configured to secure the second side sections in the first position and to secure the second side sections in the second position and the spacer sections in the upright position.
22. A packaging insert comprising:
at least two panels, each panel including:
a base section, two first side sections, two second side sections and a spacer section;
a plastic film extending across the base sections and adhered to the first side sections;
wherein the first side sections are folded upwardly to lift the film to accommodate a portion of one or more products between the base section and the film, then the first side sections are folded downwardly to stretch and tension the film, the second side sections are folded in a direction opposite to the first side sections and the spacer section is folded upwardly.