Author: claimsbot

1. A compound diethyl(R)-2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)malonate.
2. A compound (R)-2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)malonic acid.
3. A compound tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate.
4. A compound tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-iodoethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate.
5. A method of making tert-butyl(R)-3-vinylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate through the intermediacy of one or more of diethyl(R)-2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)malonate, (R)-2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)malonic acid, tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate, and tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-iodoethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An offset correction circuit of an encoder sampling a first phase signal and second phase signal with phases differing from each other by about 90 degrees at the same timing, converting them from an analog to digital format, and detecting an angle signal based on the obtained digital signals, comprising:
offset detection circuits using a second phase AD converted value of when a first phase AD converted value is near a first value to find a second phase offset value, using a first phase AD converted value of when a second phase AD converted value is near a second value to find a first phase offset value, and using the currently found first offset value for the first value and the currently found second offset value for the second value when calculating the next first offset value and second offset value; and
a correction circuit using a first offset value and second offset value to correct offsets of the first phase signal and second phase signal.
2. An offset correction circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein said offset detection circuits make the initial values of the first value and the second value zero.
3. An offset correction circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein said offset detection circuits calculate the average value of the second phase positive AD converted value and second phase negative AD converted value when the first phase AD converted value is within a range set by a threshold value near the first value and detect said average value as a second phase offset value and calculate the average value of the first phase positive AD converted value and first phase negative AD converted value when the second phase AD converted value is within a range set by a threshold value near the second value and detect said average value as a first phase offset value.
4. An offset correction circuit as set forth in claim 3, wherein said offset values are values calculated from a plurality of positive AD converted values and a plurality of negative AD converted values.
5. An offset correction circuit as set forth in claim 4, wherein the positive AD converted value and the negative AD converted value for finding the average value are alternately updated.
6. An offset correction circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the correction circuit is comprised of subtraction circuits for subtracting from one phase AD converted value one phase offset value found by the offset detection circuit.

1. A method for coding speech using regular-pulse excitation, the method comprising the steps of:
processing input speech to provide a residual signal;
defining important samples of the residual; and
coding the important samples using regular-pulse excitation and pseudorandomly assigning regular-pulse excitation grid positions using a first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers;
wherein the coding step includes the substeps of decimating the coded samples by three, and quantizing each decimated sample to at least two bits; and
wherein the quantizing substep includes replacing one of the bits of each the decimated samples with a random bit from a second set of pseudorandomly generated numbers.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one of the bits of each the decimated samples is the least significant bit.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the defining step includes the substep of lowpass filtering to select the important samples.
4. A method for coding and decoding speech coded using regular-pulse excitation, the method comprising the steps of:
processing input speech to provide a residual signal;
defining important samples of the residual;
coding the important samples using regular-pulse excitation and pseudorandomly assigning regular-pulse excitation grid positions using a first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers;
wherein the coding step includes the substeps of decimating the coded samples by three, and quantizing each decimated sample to at least two bits;
wherein the quantizing substep includes replacing one of the bits of each the decimated samples with a random bit from a second set of pseudorandomly generated numbers; and
further comprising the steps of:
pulse decoding each quantized sample using the same bit from the second set of pseudorandomly generated numbers that was used in the quantizing substep; and
positioning the decoded samples using the assigned grid positions from the first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers to provide synthesized speech.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of decoding the important samples from the assigned grid positions using the first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers to provide synthesized speech.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of filtering the synthesized speech through a speech enhancement postfilter.
7. A method for coding speech using regular-pulse excitation, the method comprising the steps of:
processing input digitized speech to provide a residual excitation signal;
defining important samples of the residual excitation signal per predetermined criteria;
coding the important samples using regular-pulse excitation and pseudorandomly assigning regular-pulse excitation grid positions using a first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers;
decimating the coded samples by three; and
quantizing each decimated sample by replacing one of the bits of each the decimated samples with a random bit from a second set of pseudorandomly generated numbers.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in the quantizing step the one of the bits of each the decimated samples is the least significant bit.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the defining step includes the substep of lowpass filtering to select the important samples.
10. A method for coding speech using regular-pulse excitation and decoding speech, the method comprising the steps of:
processing input digitized speech to provide a residual excitation signal;
defining important samples of the residual excitation signal per predetermined criteria;
coding the important samples using regular-pulse excitation and pseudorandomly assigning regular-pulse excitation grid positions using a first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers;
decimating the coded samples by three; and
quantizing each decimated sample by replacing one of the bits of each the decimated samples with a random bit from a second set of pseudorandomly generated number; and further comprising the steps of:
pulse decoding each quantized sample using the same bit from the second set of pseudorandomly generated numbers that was used in the quantizing substep; and
positioning the decoded samples using the assigned grid positions from the first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers to provide synthesized speech.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of decoding the important samples from the assigned grid positions using the first set of pseudorandomly generated numbers to provide synthesized speech.
12. An apparatus for coding speech using regular-pulse excitation, the apparatus comprising:
a residual excitation signal generated from input speech;
a regular-pulse excitation analyzer that samples the residual excitation signal and codes the important samples defined per predetermined criteria using regular-pulse excitation;
regular-pulse excitation grid positions; and
a pseudorandom number generator coupled to the analyzer, the pseudorandom number generator generates pseudorandom numbers to assign the grid positions of each of the important samples; and further comprising a downsampler and a quantizer coupled to the regular-pulse excitation analyzer, the downsampler decimates the samples by three, and the quantizer quantizes the values of the decimated samples into at least two-bits,
wherein the pseudorandom number generator is coupled to the quantizer, and wherein the quantizer replaces one of the bits of each the decimated samples with a bit generated from the pseudorandom number generator.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one of the bits of each the decimated samples is the least significant bit.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a lowpass filter coupled to the regular-pulse excitation analyzer, the lowpass filter to select the important samples of the residual signal.
15. An apparatus, comprising:
a coding apparatus to code speech using regular-pulse excitation and including:
a residual excitation signal generated from input speech;
a regular-pulse excitation analyzer that samples the residual excitation signal and codes the important samples defined per predetermined criteria using regular-pulse excitation;
regular-pulse excitation grid positions;
pseudorandom number generator coupled to the analyzer, the pseudorandom number generator generates pseudorandom numbers to assign the grid positions of each of the important samples; and further comprising a downsampler and a quantizer coupled to the regular-pulse excitation analyzer, the downsampler decimates the samples by three, and the quantizer quantizes the values of the decimated samples into at least two-bits,
wherein the pseudorandom number generator is coupled to the quantizer, and wherein the quantizer replaces one of the bits of each the decimated samples with a bit generated from the pseudorandom number generator; and
a decoding apparatus including
a pulse decoder coupled to the quantizer, the pulse decoder decodes each quantized sample using the same bit from the pseudorandom number generator that was used when the decimated sample was quantized; and
a regular-pulse excitation grid positioner coupled to the pulse decoder, the speech synthesizer positions the decoded samples using the assigned grid positions defined by the pseudorandom number generator to provide synthesized speech.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a speech enhancement postfilter coupled to the speech synthesizer to filter and enhance the synthesized speech.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A standoff comprising:
a spacer post having a longitudinal hollow forming a rivet expansion zone capable of containing a bulb section of an expanded blind rivet;
a cap at one end of the spacer post, the cap having a hole capable of passing a body section of the blind rivet into the rivet expansion zone, prior to expansion of the blind rivet body section to form the bulb section, the hole incapable of passing the bulb of the expanded blind rivet; and
a securing feature proximate the opposite end of the spacer post.
2. The standoff of claim 1, the interior of the cap forming a compression ledge against which the body of the unexpanded blind rivet can be compressed within the rivet expansion zone during expansion of the blind rivet.
3. The standoff of claim 1, further comprising an alignment collar on the outer surface of the cap.
4. The standoff of claim 1, further comprising the blind rivet.
5. The standoff of claim 1, wherein the securing feature comprises a clinch surface.
6. The standoff of claim 1, wherein the securing feature comprises a ledge surface.
7. The standoff of claim 1, wherein the securing feature comprises a flarable surface.
8. The standoff of claim 1, wherein the spacer post is cylindrical.
9. A method of attaching a first member to a second member in a spaced configuration, the method comprising:
attaching the first end of a standoff to the first member;
positioning a hole in the second member over a hole in the second end of the standoff;
passing the body and mandrel of an unexpanded blind rivet through the hole in the second member and the hole in the second end of the standoff into a rivet expansion zone within the standoff, the hole in the second member incapable of passing the head of the blind rivet; and
drawing the mandrel into the rivet to expand the body of the rivet against at least one interior surface of the standoff rivet expansion zone, such that the rivet holds the second end of the standoff and the second member together.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein attaching the first end of the standoff to the first member comprises securing a clinch surface proximate the first end of the standoff to a hole in the first member.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein attaching the first end of the standoff to the first member comprises securing a ledge surface proximate the first end of the standoff against the first member.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein securing the ledge surface against the first member comprises welding the ledge surface against the first member.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein welding the ledge surface against the first member comprises spin welding the ledge surface against the first member.
14. The method of claim 9, wherein attaching the first end of the standoff to the first member comprises passing a flarable section of the standoff through a hole in the first member, and flaring the flarable section against the first member.
15. The method of claim 9, wherein the second end of the standoff comprises an alignment member, and wherein positioning the hole in the second member over the hole in the second end of the standoff comprises engaging the alignment member within the hole in the second member.
16. The method of claim 9, wherein expanding the body of the rivet against at least one interior surface of the standoff rivet expansion zone comprises expanding the body of the rivet against a ledge on the underside of the second end of the standoff.
17. An electronic assembly comprising:
a first member;
a circuit board in a spaced configuration from the first member;
a standoff holding the first member and the circuit board in the spaced configuration; and
an expanded blind rivet fixing the circuit board to the standoff, the body of the expanded blind rivet expanded against at least one inner surface of the standoff.
18. The electronic assembly of claim 17, the standoff comprising an alignment feature resting within a hole in the circuit board.
19. The electronic assembly of claim 17, the standoff having a flared section flared against the first member to fix the standoff to the first member.
20. The electronic assembly of claim 17, the standoff having a clinch surface secured within a hole in the first member.
21. The electronic assembly of claim 17, the standoff having a ledge surface secured against the first member.