Author: claimsbot

1. A display comprising:
a first substrate, including:
a plurality of first walls extending substantially perpendicular from an inner surface of said first substrate, said plurality of first walls having as top surface substantially parallel to said first substrate, said plurality of first walls forming a plurality of cells;

a plurality of electrically conductive elements, each conductive element being associated with a corresponding one of said plurality of cells, said electrically conductive element being electrically isolated from each of said plurality of walls;
a second substrate, separated from the first substrate by a known distance and forming a cavity between said first and said second substrate,
a plurality of second walls extending from said second substrate, said plurality of second walls having a tower edge substantially parallel to said second substrate, said plurality of second walls disposed substantially opposite from corresponding ones of said plurality of first wall,

said plurality of first walls having a height less than said cavity,\u2014wherein a gap is formed\u2014between the top surface of the first walls and the lower edge of a corresponding one of the second walls;
a substantially clear, substantially particle free, suspension fluid contained within said cavity, said suspension fluid being substantially uniformly distributed throughout said cavity by being in fluid communication with each of said cells;
a first plurality of electrically charged particles and a second plurality of electrically charged particles provided within each of said plurality of cells, said first, plurality of electrically charged particles having a different charge than said second plurality of electrically charged particles, said gap being sized to be less than a size of said particles in said first set and said second set of electrically charged particles; and
means for applying a voltage to each of said plurality of electrically conductive elements for a selected period of time to achieve a desired level of color, wherein said selected period of time is measured from an end of a display frame.
2. The display of claim 1, further comprising;
an insulating layer deposited on said electrically conductive elements.
3. The display of claim 1, further comprising:
an electrode layer deposited on an inner surface of said second substrate.
4. The display of claim 1, wherein the particles in said first set of particles are black and the particles in said second set of particles are selected from a group consisting of: white, red, blue and green.
5. The display of claim 1, wherein said first substrate and said plurality of electrically conductive elements are selected from the group of: transparent and opaque materials.
6. The display of claim 1, further comprising:
a TFT structure disposed on said inner surface of said first substrate, said TFT structure being arranged in a plurality of row and columns, wherein an intersection of one of said rows and one of said columns corresponds to one of said plurality of electrically conductive elements.
7. The display of claim 3, further comprising:
means for applying a voltage to said electrode layer.
8. The display of claim 7, wherein said means for applying a voltage is operable to apply a voltage to a corresponding one of said plurality of electrically conductive elements greater than a voltage applied to said electrode layer.
9. The display of claim 7, wherein said means for applying a voltage is operable to apply a voltage to a corresponding one of said plurality of electrically conductive elements less than a voltage applied to said electrode layer.
10. An electrophoretic display device, comprising:
a back substrate comprising:
a plurality of second walls extending from said back substrate;

a substrate, being selected from the group of transparent and opaque materials, positioned substantially opposite from said back substrate forming a substantially hollow container between said back substrate and said substrate, said container being sealed about its perimeter, said substrate comprising:
a plurality of cathode electrodes supported by said substrate forming a plurality of electronically and selectively addressable pixels;
a plurality of separation walk extending from said substrate, said separation walls interposed between corresponding cathode electrodes and having a top surface substantially parallel to said substrate;
said plurality of second walls disposed substantially opposite from corresponding ones of said plurality of separation walls, said second walls having a lower edge, wherein a gap is formed between the lower edge of said plurality of seconds walls and the top surface of corresponding ones of said plurality of separation walls, said separation walls forming cells;

a plurality of pigment particles in each of said cells, the pigment particles in each of said cells comprised of light particles and dark particles;
a substantially clear, substantially particle free, suspension fluid disposed in said container, said suspension fluid being substantially uniformly distributed through said container through said gap, said gap being sized to be less than a sized of said light particles and said dark particles within a corresponding cell; and
means for applying a voltage to each of said plurality of cathode electrodes for a selected period of time to achieve a desired level of color, wherein said selected period of time is measured from an end of a display frame.
11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the substrate comprises a thin-film transistor active matrix substrate comprising one or more thin-film transistor driver circuits, each being electrically coupled to an associated pixel.
12. The device according to claim 10, wherein said dark pigment particles are black and said light pigment particles from a group consisting of: white, red, green and blue.
13. The display of claim 10, wherein said separation walls extending from said substrate are composed of a material selected from a group of: electrically conductive and electrically non-conductive materials.
14. A display comprising:
a first substrate, including:
a TFT layer including a plurality of Thin Film Transistors (TFT) arranged in an array of rows and columns;
a plurality of first walls extending substantially perpendicular from said first substrate, said plurality of first walls having a top surface substantially parallel to said first substrate, said plurality of first walls creating a plurality of cells corresponding to said array of TFTs;
an electrically conductive element within each of said cells in electrical contact with a corresponding TFT, said first walls and said electrically conductive element being electrically isolated;
an insulating layer deposited on said first substrate;

a second substrate, separated from the first substrate by a known distance to form a cavity between the first and second substrate,
plurality of second walls extending from said second substrate, said plurality of second walls disposed substantially opposite from corresponding ones of said plurality of first walls, said second walls having a lower edge substantially parallel to said second substrates wherein a gap is formed in between said lower edge of said plurality of seconds walls and the top surface of corresponding ones of said plurality of first walls;
a clear, substantially particle free, suspension fluid contained within said cavity, said suspension fluid being substantially uniformly distributed throughout said cavity by being in fluid communication with each of the cells through said gap, said gap being sized to contain said first set and second set of electrically charged particles within corresponding cells;
a first set and a second set of electrically charged particles contained within each of said cells, said first set of electrically charged particles having a different electrical charge that the second set; and
means for applying a voltage to selected ones of the TFTs in the TFT array for as selected period of time to achieve a desired level of color, wherein said selected period of time is measured from an end of a display frame.
15. The display of claim 15, further comprising:
means for applying a voltage to said second substrate.
17. The display of claim 15, wherein the particles in said first set of particles are black and the particles in said second set of particles are selected from a group consisting of: white, red, blue, and green.
17. The display of claim 15, wherein said first substrate and electrically conductive elements are transparent.
18. The display of claim 15, wherein said second substrate is transparent.
19. The display of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first electrically charged particles contained within each of said cells has a size in the range of 10 nanometers to 5 microns.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A pair of light emitting knickers comprising:
a pair of knickers having an edge strip;
a light emitting unit being installed on the edge strip of the knickers through a combining unit; the light emitting unit including a flexible transmission line; the transmission line being bendable to be as characters or patterns on the edge strip; the transmission line being installed with a plurality of light emitting elements;
a combining unit for combining the light emitting unit to the edge strip of the knickers;
wherein by the light emitting unit, the knickers can light up by actuating the light emitting elements of the light emitting unit; and
wherein the light emitting unit has a control circuit board with a predetermined control way; and the control circuit board is installed with batteries and control switches.
2. The pair of light emitting knickers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements have the same color or different colors.
3. The pair of light emitting knickers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combining unit is a clamping sheet which has a U shape so as to be hung on and clamp the edge strip.
4. The pair of light emitting knickers as claimed in claim 3, wherein the clamping sheet is installed to the transmission line of the light emitting unit so as to be attached to the edge strip of the knickers.
5. The pair of light emitting knickers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combining unit is formed by two fastener tapes; one fastener tape is installed on the backside of the control circuit board of the light emitting unit and another fastener tape is installed on the edge strip of the knickers; thus, the light emitting unit can be installed to the knickers by the combination of the two fastener tapes.
6. The pair of light emitting knickers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combining unit is formed by two fastener tapes; one fastener tape is installed on the transmission line and another fastener tape is installed on the edge strip of the knickers; thus, the light emitting unit can be installed to the knickers by the combination of the two fastener tapes.
7. The pair of light emitting knickers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combining unit is a seaming sheet which is installed to the control circuit board of the light emitting unit; the seaming sheet is seamed to the edge strip of the knickers so that the knickers has the effect of light up.
8. The pair of light emitting knickers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light emitting unit is installed to the edge strip of the knickers by one of sticking, winding, and buckling.
9. A light emitting brassiere comprising:
a brassiere body having two masks and two shoulder strips;
at least one light emitting unit being installed on the brassiere body through a combining unit; the light emitting unit including a flexible transmission line; the transmission line being bendable to be as characters or patterns; the transmission line being installed with a plurality of light emitting elements;
at least one combining unit for combining the at least one light emitting unit to the mask and shoulder strip of the brassiere body;
wherein by the light emitting unit, the brassiere can light up by actuating the light emitting elements of the light emitting unit; and
wherein the light emitting unit has a control circuit board with a predetermined control way; and the control circuit board is installed with batteries and control switches.
10. The light emitting brassiere as claimed in claim 9, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements have the same color or different colors.
11. The light emitting brassiere as claimed in claim 9, wherein the combining unit is a clamping sheet which has a U shape so as to be hung on and clamp the brassiere body.
12. The light emitting brassiere as claimed in claim 11, wherein the clamping sheet is installed to the transmission line of the light emitting unit so as to be attached to the brassiere body.
13. The light emitting brassiere as claimed in claim 9, wherein the combining unit is formed by two fastener tapes; one fastener tape is installed on the backside of the control circuit board of the light emitting unit and another fastener tape is installed on the brassiere body; thus, the light emitting unit can be installed to the brassiere body by the combination of the two fastener tapes.
14. The light emitting brassiere as claimed in claim 9, wherein the combining unit is formed by two fastener tapes; one fastener tape is installed on the transmission line and another fastener tape is installed on the brassiere body; thus, the light emitting unit can be installed to the brassiere body by the combination of the two fastener tapes.
15. The light emitting brassiere as claimed in claim 9, wherein the combining unit is a seaming sheet which is installed to the control circuit board of the light emitting unit; the seaming sheet is seamed to the brassiere body so that the brassiere body has the effect of light up.
16. The light emitting brassiere as claimed in claim 9, wherein the light emitting unit is installed to the brassiere body by one of sticking, winding, and buckling.

1. A bio-based cleaning composition, comprising:
an epoxidized fatty acid ester; and
from about 10 to about 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of a surfactant.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid ester is derived from fatty acid selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and stearidonic acid.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid ester is derived from fatty acid produced from a natural oil or fat feedstock.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid ester is derived from fatty acid produced from a renewable feedstock selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, palm oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, jatropha oil, algae oil and tallow.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid ester is derived from alcohol selected from the group consisting of linear alcohol, branched alcohol, substituted C1-C15 alkyl alcohols, glycols, alkenyl alcohol and aryl alcohol.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid ester is derived from substituted alcohol comprising an acyl group or a carboxylate group.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid ester comprises epoxidized methyl soyate.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises epoxidized methyl soyate in an amount from about 20 to about 90 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
9. The composition of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises epoxidized methyl soyate in an amount from about 50 to about 80 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid ester is prepared by reacting epoxidized triglycerides with alcohols at an elevated temperature of 40-120\xb0 C.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the alcohols include at least one of linear, branched, aliphatic, aromatic and functionalized C1-C12 mono- and polyhydric alcohol products.
12. The composition of claim 10, wherein the triglycerides include plant oils.
13. The composition of claim 10, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the epoxidized fatty acid is prepared by reacting epoxidized soybean oil with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide at an elevated temperature.
15. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one co-solvent.
16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the composition comprises the co-solvent in an amount from about 1 to about 25 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
17. A cleaning kit, comprising:
a bio-based composition comprising an epoxidized fatty acid ester;
a tool for applying the bio-based composition; and
an implement for removing the bio-based composition.
18. The cleaning kit of claim 17, wherein the tool is a spatula or a hand-actuated spray bottle.
19. The cleaning kit of claim 17, wherein the implement is a cloth, squeegee, or a hand-actuated spray bottle containing a rinse solution.
20. The cleaning kit of claim 17, further comprising a cloth or a drop sheet.
21. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, fragrance, colorants, emulsifiers, thickeners, viscosity control agents, antimicrobial and antifungal compounds, and pH modifiers.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus for a universal rear impact guard connection adapter plate comprises,
a hitch adapter;
a guard arm;
a guard arm sleeve;
the hitch adapter being connected to the guard arm sleeve by the guard arm;
the hitch adapter comprises an L-hook and a hitch adapter joint;
the guard arm comprises a first eye hole joint and a guard arm body;
the guard arm sleeve comprises a sleeve body, a bar spring load pin, and a eye hole joint opening;
the hitch adapter joint comprises a hex head bolt, a hex nut, and a hitch adapter plate;
The hitch adapter plate comprises slotted holes and plate holes; and
the guard arm body comprising a body holes, a tapered end, and a hollowed rectangular bar.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprises,
the slotted holes being connected in perpendicular relation to the hitch adapter plate; and
the hex head bolt being concentrically and internally fitted through the slotted holes, the first eye hole joint, and the hex nut.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprises,
the L-hook comprises locking washers, springs, first-set washers, second-set washers, L-bolt fasteners, and L-bolts; and
the L-bolts being concentrically and internally fitted through the locking washers, the springs, the first-set washers, the plate holes, and the second-set washers.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3 comprises,
the locking washers being connected in adjacent relation to the first-set washers by the springs;
the first-set washers being connected in adjacent relation to the second-set washers by the hitch adapter plate; and
the L-bolt fasteners being fastened to the L-bolts.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprises,
the first eye hole joint being connected to the hollowed rectangular bar by the tapered end; and
the body holes being positioned in perpendicular relation to the slotted holes and the hitch adapter plate on the hollowed rectangular bar.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprises,
the sleeve body comprising a sleeve hollowed rectangular bar, a wide tapered end, a handle, and sleeve holes;
the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar being peripherally fitted onto the hollowed rectangular bar;
the handle being connected in perpendicular relation to the slotted holes and the hitch adapter plate on the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar; and
the sleeve holes being positioned adjacent to the handle.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 comprises,
the bar spring load pin fitting concentrically through the sleeve holes and the body holes; and
the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar being connected to the eye hole joint opening by the wide tapered end.
8. An apparatus for a universal rear impact guard connection adapter plate comprises,
a hitch adapter;
a guard arm;
a guard arm sleeve;
the hitch adapter being connected to the guard arm sleeve by the guard arm;
the hitch adapter comprises an L-hook and a hitch adapter joint;
the guard arm comprises a first eye hole joint and a guard arm body;
the guard arm sleeve comprises a sleeve body, a bar spring load pin, and a eye hole joint opening;
the hitch adapter joint comprises a hex head bolt, a hex nut, and a hitch adapter plate;
The hitch adapter plate comprises slotted holes and plate holes;
the guard arm body comprising a body holes, a tapered end, and a hollowed rectangular bar;
the L-hook comprises locking washers, springs, first-set washers, second-set washers, L-bolt fasteners, and L-bolts;
the first eye hole joint being connected to the hollowed rectangular bar by the tapered end; and
the sleeve body comprising a sleeve hollowed rectangular bar, a wide tapered end, a handle, and sleeve holes.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 comprises,
the slotted holes being connected in perpendicular relation to the hitch adapter plate; and
the hex head bolt being concentrically and internally fitted through the slotted holes, the first eye hole joint, and the hex nut.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 comprises,
the L-bolts being concentrically and internally fitted through the locking washers, the springs, the first-set washers, the plate holes, and the second-set washers.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10 comprises,
the locking washers being connected in adjacent relation to the first-set washers by the springs;
the first-set washers being connected in adjacent relation to the second-set washers by the hitch adapter plate; and
the L-bolt fasteners being fastened to the L-bolts.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 comprises,
the body holes being positioned in perpendicular relation to the slotted holes and the hitch adapter plate on the hollowed rectangular bar.
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 comprises,
the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar being peripherally fitted onto the hollowed rectangular bar;
the handle being connected in perpendicular relation to the slotted holes and the hitch adapter plate on the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar; and
the sleeve holes being positioned adjacent to the handle.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13 comprises,
the bar spring load pin fitting concentrically through the sleeve holes and the body holes; and
the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar being connected to the eye hole joint opening by the wide tapered end.
15. An apparatus for a universal rear impact guard connection adapter plate comprises,
a hitch adapter;
a guard arm;
a guard arm sleeve;
the hitch adapter being connected to the guard arm sleeve by the guard arm;
the hitch adapter comprises an L-hook and a hitch adapter joint;
the guard arm comprises a first eye hole joint and a guard arm body;
the guard arm sleeve comprises a sleeve body, a bar spring load pin, and a eye hole joint opening;
the hitch adapter joint comprises a hex head bolt, a hex nut, and a hitch adapter plate;
The hitch adapter plate comprises slotted holes and plate holes;
the guard arm body comprising a body holes, a tapered end, and a hollowed rectangular bar;
the L-hook comprises locking washers, springs, first-set washers, second-set washers, L-bolt fasteners, and L-bolts;
the first eye hole joint being connected to the hollowed rectangular bar by the tapered end;
the sleeve body comprising a sleeve hollowed rectangular bar, a wide tapered end, a handle, and sleeve holes;
the locking washers being connected in adjacent relation to the first-set washers by the springs;
the body holes being positioned in perpendicular relation to the slotted holes and the hitch adapter plate on the hollowed rectangular bar;
the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar being peripherally fitted onto the hollowed rectangular bar;
16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15 comprises,
the slotted holes being connected in perpendicular relation to the hitch adapter plate; and
the hex head bolt being concentrically and internally fitted through the slotted holes, the first eye hole joint, and the hex nut.
17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15 comprises,
the L-bolts being concentrically and internally fitted through the locking washers, the springs, the first-set washers, the plate holes, and the second-set washers.
18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 17 comprises,
the first-set washers being connected in adjacent relation to the second-set washers by the hitch adapter plate; and
the L-bolt fasteners being fastened to the L-bolts.
19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15 comprises,
the handle being connected in perpendicular relation to the slotted holes and the hitch adapter plate on the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar; and
the sleeve holes being positioned adjacent to the handle.
20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19 comprises,
the bar spring load pin fitting concentrically through the sleeve holes and the body holes; and
the sleeve hollowed rectangular bar being connected to the eye hole joint opening by the wide tapered end.