Author: claimsbot

1. A method of forming an array substrate of a liquid crystal display device, comprising:
forming a first metallic layer on a substrate;
forming a first copper (Cu) layer on the first metallic layer;
patterning the first metallic layer and the first Cu layer simultaneously using a first etchant to form a gate line and a gate electrode, the first etchant includes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a phosphate, F-ions, an organic acid having a carboxyl group (\u2014COOH), a copper (Cu) inhibitor, and a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stabilizer;
forming a gate insulating layer over an entire surface of the substrate to cover the gate line and the gate electrode;
forming an active layer and an ohmic contact layer on the gate insulating layer and over the gate electrode;
forming a second metallic layer and a second copper (Cu) layer over the gate insulating layer to cover the active layer and the ohmic contact layer;
patterning the second metallic layer and the second Cu layer simultaneously using a second etchant to form a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a data line, the second etchant includes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a phosphate, F-ions, an organic acid having a carboxyl group (\u2014COOH), a copper (Cu) inhibitor, and a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stabilizer;
forming a passivation layer over the gate insulating layer to cover the source and drain electrodes and the data line, the passivation layer having a drain contact hole exposing a portion of the data line; and
forming a pixel electrode on the passivation layer, the pixel electrode contacting the drain electrode through the drain contact hole.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gate insulating layer is an inorganic material including one of a group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxide, and the pixel electrode is formed of a transparent conductive material including one of a group consisting of indium tin oxide and indium zinc oxide.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metallic layer is one of aluminum (Al) and an aluminum alloy (Al-alloy).
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second metallic layer is one of titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), titanium alloy (Ti-alloy), and a tantalum alloy (Ta-alloy).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is within a range from about 4% to about 40%, a concentration of the phosphoric acid is within a range from about 0.5% to about 10%, a concentration of the F-ions is within a range from about 0.01% to about 5%, a concentration of the organic acid is within a range from about 0.5% to about 10%, a concentration of the Cu etch inhibitor is within a range from about 0.2% to about 1.5%, and a concentration of the H2O2 stabilizer is about 1%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate has a chemical formula of AXHYPO4, wherein \u201cA\u201d is one of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, \u201cX\u201d has a value within a range of about 1 to about 2, and \u201cY\u201d has a value within a range of about 0 to about 2.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alkali metal is one of potassium (K) and sodium (Na), and the alkaline earth metal is one of calcium (Ca) and barium (Ba).
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the phosphate includes one of ammonium (NH4) and ammonium derivatives.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid is one of acetic acid (CH3COOH), formic acid (HCOOH), oxalic acid ((COOH)2), citric acid (C6H8O7), and glycolic acid (HOCH2COOH).
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Cu etch inhibitor is an azole compound including one of a group consisting of methylimidazole (C4H6N2) and pyrazole (NHNH2).
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Cu etch inhibitor is a triazole compound including one of a group consisting of tolytriazole (CH3N3) and benzotriazole (C6H5N3).
12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising an additive having about a 1% concentration, wherein the additives are salicylic acid derivatives.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the H2O2 stabilizer is acetate including one of a group consisting of ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4), potassium acetate (CH3COOK), and sodium acetate (CH3COONa).
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the F-ion is a fluoride including one of a group consisting of hydrofluoric acid (HF), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), potassium fluoride (KF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4HF).
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second metal layer is one of aluminum (Al) layer and an aluminum alloy layer.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein one of the gate line, the gate electrode, the source electrode, the drain electrode and the data line has substantially gentle slope along the patterned side.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. At a computer system including one or more processors and system memory, a method for routing a namespace registration request from a resource provider providing a resource to an appropriate namespace manager that manages a namespace branch corresponding to the resource, the method comprising:
an act of a particular namespace manager receiving a namespace registration request from a resource provider to register a resource as a namespace branch within a namespace tree,
the namespace tree defining an arrangement of available resources via a plurality of namespace branches, each namespace branch being associated with at least one corresponding namespace manager,
the namespace registration request including a namespace identifier that identifies the resource within one of the plurality of namespace branches, the namespace identifier comprising a scheme portion that identifies a scheme type of the namespace identifier and a path portion identifying a path to the resource within the namespace tree;
the particular namespace manager being included in a plurality of namespace managers that have formed federating relationships with one another to exchange namespace information, each namespace manager assigned a unique numeric identifier;

an act of the particular namespace manager generating an at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value for the resource based on the namespace identifier, including generating the at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value based on a combination of at least the scheme portion of the namespace identifier along with at least one part of the path portion of the namespace identifier;
an act of the particular namespace manager sending the namespace registration request to a destination namespace manager having an identifier that is numerically closer to the at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value than other identifiers of other namespace managers in the plurality of namespace managers; and
an act of associating the destination namespace manager with the namespace branch.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the destination namespace manager floods the namespace registration request among a plurality of namespace managers within a neighborhood set of the destination namespace manager, the neighborhood set being a set of namespace managers having identifiers within a predefined range on either side of the identifier of the destination namespace manager within a finite modulo ID-address-space.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising an act of canonicalizing the namespace identifier per rules identified by the scheme portion of the namespace identifier before transferring the registration request over the namespace federation infrastructure.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value that is based on a combination of at least the scheme portion of the namespace identifier along with at least one part of the path portion of the namespace identifier comprises a hash value.
5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein the hash value for the namespace identifier varies based on the configuration of the namespace federation infrastructure.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising generating a hash over the entire namespace.
7. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein, for authoritative namespaces indicated by a \u201c:\u201d character sequence, the hash value is generated over the scheme portion, the \u201c:\u201d character sequence, an authority portion, and the path portion of the namespace identifier.
8. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein, for non-authoritative namespaces indicated by a \u201c:\u201d character sequence, the hash value is generated over the scheme portion, the \u201c:\u201d character sequence, and the path portion of the namespace identifier.
9. The method as recited in claim 4, further comprising utilizing one or more federation protocols to forward the hash value along with the namespace registration request to an appropriate namespace manager.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
an act of receiving an indication that the appropriate namespace manager that received the forwarded hash and namespace registration request has migrated responsibility for the namespace branch to an other namespace manager, wherein the indication includes a referral to the other namespace manager that has responsibility for the namespace branch; and
an act of forwarding the hash and namespace registration request to the other namespace manager based on the referral.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
an act of determining that an association between the destination namespace manager and the namespace branch is broken due to at least one of a namespace manager failure or the receiving of a referral to a different namespace manager; and
an act of routing subsequent requests until a new association is formed.
12. One or more computer storage devices having stored thereon computer executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system, implement a method for routing a namespace registration request from a resource provider providing a resource to an appropriate namespace manager that manages a namespace branch corresponding to the resource, the method comprising:
a particular namespace manager receiving a namespace registration request from a resource provider to register a resource as a namespace branch within a namespace tree,
the namespace tree defining an arrangement of available resources via a plurality of namespace branches, each namespace branch being associated with at least one namespace manager,
the namespace registration request including a namespace identifier that identifies the resource within one of the plurality of namespace branches, the namespace identifier comprising a scheme portion that identifies a scheme type of the namespace identifier and a path portion identifying a path to the resource within the namespace tree;

the particular namespace manager calculating an at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value for the resource based on the namespace identifier, including calculating the at least one-way equivalent identification value based on a combination of at least the scheme portion of the namespace identifier along with at least one part of the path portion of the namespace identifier;
the particular namespace manager forwarding the namespace registration request to a destination namespace manager having an identifier that is numerically closer to the at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value than other identifiers of other namespace managers; and
associating the destination namespace manager with the namespace branch.
13. A computer system, comprising:
one or more processors; and
one or more computer storage devices storing executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, implement a method for routing a namespace registration request from a resource provider providing a resource to an appropriate destination namespace manager that manages a namespace branch corresponding to the resource, the method comprising:
receiving a namespace registration request from a resource provider to register a resource as a namespace branch within a namespace tree, the namespace tree defining an arrangement of available resources via a plurality of namespace branches, each namespace branch being associated with at least one namespace manager, the namespace registration request including a namespace identifier that identifies the resource within one of the plurality of namespace branches, the namespace identifier comprising a scheme portion that identifies a scheme type of the namespace identifier and a path portion identifying a path to the resource within the namespace tree;
computing an at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value for the resource based on the namespace identifier, including computing the at least one-way equivalent identification value based on a combination of at least the scheme portion of the namespace identifier along with at least one part of the path portion of the namespace identifier;
sending the namespace registration request to a destination namespace manager having an identifier that is numerically closer to the at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value than other identifiers of other namespace managers; and
associating the destination namespace manager with the namespace branch.
14. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the act of generating the at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value comprises generating a hash over the scheme portion of the namespace identifier, at least a \u201c:\u201d character, and at least one part of the path portion of the namespace identifier.
15. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the scheme portion of the namespace identifier includes a namespace type of the namespace tree, and wherein the act of generating an at least one-way equivalent numeric identification value for the resource based on the namespace identifier of the namespace lookup request comprises an act of generating a hash over the namespace type.

1. An information communication system for use in a robot which has a movable portion, comprising a transmitting device and a receiving device:
the transmitting device including:
at least one sensor provide at the movable portion, which generates a sensor signal;
a signal processing unit which converts brightness signal which corresponds to an output level of the sensor signal, and color signal used for identifying the sensor; and
a light emitting unit which emits an optical signal having the color signal and the brightness signal, respectively, and a reference optical signal,
the receiving device including:
an imaging unit which images the optical signal and the reference optical signal emitted by the transmitting device;
an image processing unit which extracts the color signal and the brightness signal from image data generated by the imaging unit; and
an analyzing unit which analyzes the color signal and the brightness signal to output an information for identifying the sensor and the output level of the sensor signal.
2. The information communication system according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting unit includes:
a first light emitting unit provided for the movable portion, located near the sensor, and having an exposed light emitting portion which emits the optical signal including at least one of colors;
a second light emitting unit provided for the movable portion, located adjacent to the first light emitting unit, and emitting a reference light beam having predetermined color and brightness.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the optical signal emitted by the first light emitting unit have at least three colors which are one of: a transparent color; a single color; and a synthetic color of a number of colors.
4. The system according to claim 2, wherein before the transmitting device operates, the image processing unit calculates a relative level, used for eliminating adverse effects which an optical environment of the robot has on the optical signal, based on the optical signal and the reference optical signal, and corrects the image data generated by the imaging unit, based on the relative level.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light emitting units, each of which is identical to the light emitting unit, are arranged near the sensor, such that at least one of the light emitting units is within a angle of view of the imaging unit when the movable portion is moved along with the sensor provided thereon.
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting unit further includes:
a plurality of light emitting windows provided on the movable portion such that at least one of the light emitting windows is within an angle of view of the imaging unit when the movable portion is moved along with the sensor provided thereon;
a distributing unit which distributes the optical signal emitted from the light emitting unit; and
a light guide member which guides the optical signal distributed by the distributing unit to the light emitting windows.
7. The system according to claim 2, wherein the first light emitting unit emits optical signals of at least three colors based on the sensor signal individually or at a time, thereby outputting one of colored optical signal.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the first light emitting unit emits optical signals successively or at predetermined intervals.
9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the imaging unit uses a robot imaging unit provided for the robot and functioning as an eye of the robot when the robot is operated.
10. The system according to claim 2, wherein the first light emitting unit includes a plurality of light emitting portions that emit optical signals of different colors depending upon manners in which the movable portion is moved, and a change in the manners in which the movable portion is indicated by a change in the color of the optical signal.
11. The system according to claim 2, wherein the first light emitting unit emits the optical signal at predetermined intervals, and different pieces of information are indicated by how many times the first light emitting unit emits the optical signal within a unit time.
12. The system according to claim 2, wherein the first light emitting unit emits the optical signal at predetermined intervals, and different pieces of information are indicated by how long the predetermined intervals.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I):
38
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl; X is halo;
comprising the steps of:
a) cyclizing a trimethylphosphinic compound of formula (IIIa)
39
wherein
R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl;
in a solvent;
to form a compound of formula (II)
40
wherein
R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl; and
b) reacting said compound of formula (II) with a Lewis acid of structure PX5 wherein X is a halo group.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride and acetonitrile.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein said acid is phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus pentabromide; and wherein X is chloro or bromo.
4. A process according to claim 1, further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (IIa), by reacting a compound of formula (IIIb)
41
wherein said R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl,
said R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl; and
said X is halo;
with trimethylphosphine, in a solvent and in the presence of a base.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein said solvent is tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or methylene chloride.
6. A process according to claim 4, wherein said base is selected from the group consisting of imidazole, 2,6-lutidine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine and sodium bicarbonate.
7. A process according to claim 4, further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (IIIb), by reacting a compound of formula (IIIc)
42
wherein said R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl and said R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl; with a halogenating agent, in a solvent and in the presence of a base.
8. A process according to claim 7, wherein said halogenating agent is thionyl chloride, thionyl bromide, phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus tribromide; and said halo is chloro or bromo.
9. A process according to claim 7, wherein said base is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, N-methylmorpholine and imidazole.
10. A process according to claim 7, further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (IIIc), by reacting a compound of formula (V)
43
wherein said R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl and said R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl;
with a compound of formula (IV)
44
wherein Y is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo and tosylate; in a solvent.
11. A process according to claim 10, wherein said Y is bromo or chloro.
12. A process according to claim 10 wherein said solvent is alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and propanol; methylene chloride; acetone; dimethylformamide or mixtures thereof.
13. A process according to claim 10, further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (V) by reacting a compound of formula (VIa)
45
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl and wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl; with an acid in a solvent.
14. A process according to claim 13 wherein said acid is para-toluene sulfonic acid or methane sulfonic acid.
15. A process according to claim 13 wherein said solvent is methylene chloride; tetrahydrofuran, acetone or mixtures thereof.
16. A process according to claim 13 further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (VIa) by:
reacting a compound of formula (VIb)
46
wherein
R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl; with a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, borane and sodium triacetoxy borohydride; in a solvent.
17. A process according to claim 16 wherein said reducing agent is sodium triacetoxy borohydride.
18. A process according to claim 16 wherein said solvent is acetic acid, methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol or mixtures thereof.
19. A process according to claim 13 further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (VIa) by reacting a compound of formula (XI)
47
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl;
with a compound of formula (X)
48
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl; in a solvent; in the presence of a base.
20. A process according to claim 16 further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (VIb) comprising reacting a compound of formula (VIII)
49
wherein
R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl;
L2 is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of halo, azide and C1-6alkoxy;
with a compound of formula (VII)
R1OH (VII)
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl, in a solvent, in the presence of a base;
further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (VIII) by reacting a compound of formula (XI)
50
wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10aryl C1-6alkyl and dithianyl; with a compound of formula (IX)
51
wherein each of said L1 and L2 is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of halo, azide and C1-6alkoxy; in a solvent, optionally in the presence of a base.
21. A process according to claim 16 further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (VIb) comprising reacting a compound of formula (VIc)
52
wherein
R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10arylC1-6alkyl and dithianyl;
R3 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; and
R4 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; with ozone, in a solvent.
22. A process according to claim 16 further comprising the step of preparing said compound of formula (VIb) comprising reacting a compound of formula (XI)
53
wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C6-10aryl, C6-10aryl C1-6alkyl, and dithianyl; with a compound of formula (XII)
54
wherein
each of said L3 is halo;
R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl;
in a solvent, in the presence of a base.
23. A process according to claim 20, wherein each of L1 and L2, wherever each of them occurs, is halo selected from the group consisting of bromo or chloro.
24. A process according to claim 21 wherein R3 is methyl and R4 is methyl.
25. A process according to any of claims 7, 19-20 or 22 wherein said solvent, wherever it occurs, is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof.
26. A process according to claim 21 wherein said solvent is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol or mixtures thereof.
27. A process according to any of claims 19-21 wherein said base, wherever it occurs, is selected from the group consisting of diisopropylamine, triethylamine, pyridine and 2,6-lutidine.
28. A process according to any of claims 1-27, wherein each of said R1, wherever it occurs, is para-nitrobenzyl.
29. A process according to any of claims 1-27, wherein each of said R1, wherever it occurs, is allyl.
30. A process according to any of claims 1-27, wherein each of said R2, wherever it occurs, is C6-10arylC1-6alkyl.
31. A process according to any of claims 1-27, wherein each of said R2, wherever it occurs, is benzyl.
32. A compound of formula (I)
55
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl; and X is halo.
33. A compound of formula (II)
56
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl; and R2 is (C6-C10)aryl(C1-6)alkyl.
34. A compound of formula (III)
57
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl;
R2 is (C6-C10)aryl(C1-6)alkyl;
K is hydroxy, halo or P(CH3)3;
wherein the CK bond is a single bond when K is hydroxy or halo; and a double bond when K is P(CH3)3; and
wherein said compound of formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of compound of formulae (IIIa), (IIIb) and (IIIc):
58
35. A compound of formula (V)
59
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl; and R2 is (C6-C10)aryl(C1-6)alkyl.
36. A compound of formula (VI)
60
wherein R1 is para-nitrobenzyl or allyl;
R2 is (C6-C10)aryl(C1-6)alkyl;
T is hydroxy or >O;
wherein the CT bond is a single bond when T is hydroxy; and a double bond when T is >O; and
wherein said compound of formula (VI) is selected from the group consisting of compound of formulae (VIa) and (VIb):
61
37. (CANCELLED)
38. (CANCELLED)
39. (CANCELLED)