Author: claimsbot

1. A method for obtaining an optically active epoxide comprising distilling an optically active epoxide in the presence of a base in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the epoxide being distilled.
2. The obtaining method according to claim 1, wherein the optically active epoxide is represented by formula (1):
(wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyano group, two of these groups R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be combined together to form a ring, R1 and R2 are different groups, and * represents an asymmetric carbon atom).
3. The obtaining method according to claim 2, wherein R1 is an aryl group, and each of R2, R3 and R4 is a hydrogen atom.
4. The obtaining method according to claim 3, wherein the aryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.
5. The obtaining method according to claim 4, wherein the aryl group is a phenyl group substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms.
6. The obtaining method according to claim 5, wherein the halogen atom is a chlorine atom.
7. The obtaining method according to claim 3, wherein the aryl group is a m-chlorophenyl group.
8. The obtaining method according to claim 1, wherein the base is a nonvolatile base.
9. The obtaining method according to claim 8, wherein the nonvolatile base is an inorganic base.
10. The obtaining method according to claim 9, wherein the inorganic base is at least one of alkali metal carbonates, alkali earth metal carbonates, and alkali metal hydrogen carbonates.
11. The obtaining method according to claim 10, wherein the inorganic base is at least one of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and potassium hydrogen carbonate.
12. The obtaining method according to claim 1, wherein the distillation temperature is 50\xb0 C. to 250\xb0 C.
13. The obtaining method according to claim 12, wherein the distillation temperature is 100\xb0 C. to 250\xb0 C.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1-13. (canceled)
14. A method for validating a purchase transaction comprising the steps of:
a) using an electronic device to institute a purchase transaction transferring funds from an issuing bank account to an acquiring bank account, said electronic device having a unique hardware identification number associated therewith, and said issuing account having a unique account identification number;
b) electronically transmitting said hardware identification number to said merchant computer;
c) electronically transmitting said hardware identification number and said account identification number from a merchant computer to a verification computer, said verification computer having a database with a plurality of tables in a memory associated therewith;
d) setting a first verification data to one of the group consisting of (i) a first state if at least one table entry in said database comprises each said hardware identification number and said account identification number, (ii) a second state if at least one table entry in said database comprises said hardware identification number and not said account identification number, and (iii) a third state if at least one table entry in said database comprises said account identification number and not said hardware identification number; and
e) electronically transmitting said first verification data from said verification computer to said merchant computer.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of, if said merchant computer receives said first verification data in said first state, validating said purchase transaction and transferring funds from said issuing bank account to said acquiring bank account.
16. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of, if said merchant computer receives said first verification data in said second state, cancelling said purchase transaction and transmitting to said electronic device a message stating that the purchase transaction failed to validate.
17. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of, if said merchant computer receives said first verification data in said third state, requesting a personal identification code from said electronic device.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of electronically transmitting said personal identification code from said electronic device to said verification computer.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of transmitting said personal identification code comprises the steps of electronically transmitting said personal identification code from said electronic device to said merchant computer and electronically transmitting said personal identification code from said merchant computer to said verification computer.
20. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of setting a second verification data to one of the group consisting of (i) a first state if at least one table entry in said database comprises each said personal identification and said account identification number and (ii) a second state if at least one table entry in said database comprises said account identification number and not said personal identification code.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of, if said merchant computer receives said second verification data in said first state, validating said purchase transaction and transferring funds from said issuing bank account to said acquiring bank account.
22. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of, if said merchant computer receives said second verification data in said second state, cancelling said purchase transaction and transmitting to said electronic device a message stating that the purchase transaction failed to validate.
23. The method of claim 14, said electronic device comprising a network interface, said hardware identification number comprising a media access control (MAC) address of said network interface.
24. The method of claim 14, said electronic device comprising a mobile device, said hardware identification number comprising one of the group consisting of a Electronic Serial Number (ESN), a International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI), a Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID), a User Identity Module Identifier (UIMID), and a Expanded UMID (EUMID) of said mobile device.
25. The method of claim 14, said hardware identification number further comprising one of the group consisting of a Mobile Identification Number (MIN), a Mobile Subscription Identification Number (MSIN), a Mobile Station ID (MSID), a Short IMSI (IMSI_S) of said mobile device.
26. The method of claim 14, said electronic device comprising a processor, said hardware identification number comprising unique serial number of said processor.
27. The method of claim 14, said electronic device comprising a hardware security module associated therewith, said hardware identification number comprising a hardware token of said hardware security module.
28. The method of claim 14, said electronic device comprising a read only memory element associated therewith, said hardware identification number comprising data stored in said read only memory element.
29. The method of claim 28, said read only memory element comprising one of the group consisting of a programmable read only memory (PROM) and a one-time programmable read only memory (OTPROM) element.
30. The method of claim 14, said issuing bank account comprising a credit card account.
31. The method of claim 14, said acquiring bank account comprising a checking account.
32-36. (canceled)

1. A stacking chair comprising:
a seat;
a back support;
a frame including a pair of spaced apart leg members, a back support member, and a seat support member, wherein each of the pair of spaced apart leg members has a front leg portion and a rear leg portion, the frame supporting the seat and the back support;
a connection portion interconnecting the front leg portion to the rear leg portion, the connection portion being curved;
a seat support member extending transversely across the base, the seat support member having a first end connected to the connection portion of one of the pair of leg members and an opposite second end connected to the connection portion of the other of the pair of leg members, wherein the connection portions of the leg members are connected to the convex upper surface of the tube; and
wherein the seat support member is defined by a hollow tube having a convex upper surface and a concave lower surface to provide a C-shaped profile to the seat support member; and
a stacking member disposed on each of the pair of leg members, the stacking member shaped to receive the connection portion of a like chair such that the stacking member rests on the connection portion of a like chair thereby providing for the stacking of the stacking chairs on top of each other.
2. A stacking chair according to claim 1, wherein the stacking member includes a wing extending from the seat support member to the rear leg portion, the wing having a curved receiving surface shaped to receive the connection portion of a like chair.
3. A stacking chair according to claim 2, wherein the leg members are shaped like an inverted V.
4. A stacking chair according to claim 1 further including a glide disposed on the front leg portion and the rear leg portion of each of the pair of leg members, the glide having a concave face, the concave face of the glide the rear leg portion faces the concave face of glide on the front leg portion, the glides cooperating with the stacking member to align the stacking chairs when stacked on top of each other by guiding the pair of leg members onto the pair of leg members of a like chair and also maintaining the position of each stacking chair in a stack with respect to the other.
5. A stacking chair according to claim 1, further including a pair of corresponding ganging device attached at opposite ends of the seat support member.
6. A stacking chair according to claim 1 wherein the frame further includes a pair of seat brackets spaced apart from each other and are attached to the seat support member such that the seat brackets are orthogonal thereto to provide a platform for supporting the seat.
7. A stacking chair according to claim 6 wherein the back support member comprises a pair of L-shaped bars spaced apart from each other, each of the pair of L shaped bars having a first portion generally orthogonal to a second portion, the first portion being attached to the seat support brackets and the second portion being attached to the back support.
8. A stacking chair according to claim 7, further including a back support bracket extending between the second portion of each of the pair of L shaped bars.
9. A stacking chair according to claim 8 further including a leg reinforcement member extending between the front and rear leg portions of each leg member, the leg member reinforcement attached to the inner side of each of the leg members to help resist spreading of the front and rear leg portions away from each other.
10. A stacking chair comprising:
a horizontal seat;
a back support;
a frame including a pair of spaced apart leg members, a back support member, and a seat support member, wherein each of the pair of spaced apart leg members has a front leg portion and a rear leg portion, the frame supporting the seat and the back support;
a leg reinforcement member extending between the front and rear leg portions of each leg member, the leg reinforcement attached to the inner side of the leg member to help resist spreading of the front and rear leg portions away from each;
a pair of seat brackets spaced apart from each other and attached to the seat support member such that the seat brackets are orthogonal thereto to provide a platform for supporting the seat;
a back support member that interconnects the back support with the seat andor seat support member; the back support member being a pair of L-shaped bars spaced apart from each other, each of the pair of L shaped bars having a first portion generally orthogonal to a second portion, the first portion being attached to one of the seat support brackets and the second portion being attached to the back support;
a back support bracket extending between the second portion of each of the pair of L shaped bars;
a connection portion interconnecting the front leg portion to the rear leg portion of the leg member, the connection portion being curved;
a pair of corresponding ganging devices attached at opposite ends of the seat support member, one of the pair of ganging devices having a male feature and the other of the pair of ganging devices having a female feature, the male and female features capable of interlocking with the corresponding ganging devices of a like chair, thereby providing for the interconnection of the stacking chairs in a side-by-side relationship;
a glide disposed on the front leg portion and the rear leg portion of each of the pair of leg members, each glide having a concave face, the concave face of the rear leg portion facing the concave face of the glide on the front leg portion, the glide helping align the placement of the stacking chairs on top of each other by guiding the pair of leg members onto the pair of legs of a like chair by having concave face of the glide registered to the pair of leg members of a like chair;
a seat support member defined by a hollow tube having a convex upper surface and a concave lower surface to provide a C-shaped profile to the seat support member, the seat support member extending transversely across the base, having a first end connected to the connection portion of one of the pair of leg members and an opposite second end connected to the connection portion of the other of the pair of leg members, wherein the connection portions of the leg members are connected to the convex upper surface of the tube; and
a stacking member disposed on each of the pair of leg members, the stacking member including a wing extending from the seat support member to the rear leg portion, the wing having a curved receiving surface shaped to receive the connection portion of a like chair such that the stacking member rests on the connection portion of a like chair thereby providing for the stacking of the stacking chairs on top of each other, the stacking member cooperating with the glide to maintain the position of each stacking chair in a stack.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method comprising:
processing of one or more state trajectories to determine criticality information associated with one or more data items of at least one information space, wherein the one or more state trajectories are associated with one or more information management processes operating on the at least one information space; and
determining (a) one or more data backup processes, (b) one or more data restoration processes, (c) one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof based, at least in part, on the criticality information,
wherein a state trajectory provides a mapping of information flow through the at least one information space and defines a finite set of possible future states for each of the one or more information management processes at given point in the nearest future, wherein the mapping comprises a geometrical representation of a trajectory of an active state for each of the one or more information management processes, and
wherein only the one or more data items that are critical, based at least upon the critically information, are included in the data backup process, the data restoration process, or combination thereof.
2. A method of claim 1, further comprising:
processing of the one or more state trajectories to determine time-sensitivity information associated with the one or more data items,
wherein (a) the one or more data backup processes, (b) the one or more data restoration processes, (c) the one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof are based, at least in part, on the time-sensitivity information.
3. A method of claim 1, further comprising:
processing of the one or more state trajectories to determine one or more future states of the one or more information management processes, the at least one information space, the one or more data items, or a combination thereof,
wherein determining (a) the one or more data backup processes, (b) the one or more data restoration processes, (c) the one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the one or more data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof are based, at least in part, on the one or more future states.
4. A method of claim 3, further comprising:
filtering of the one or more future states based, at least in part, on one or more patterns, wherein the one or more patterns are associated with one or more historical observations of the one or more state trajectories.
5. A method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining power consumption information, performance information, reliability information, or a combination thereof associated with the at least one information space, the one or more information management processes, the one or more data backup processes, the one or more data restoration processes, or a combination thereof,
wherein determining (a) the one or more data backup processes, (b) the one or more data restoration processes, (c) the one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the one or more data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof are based, at least in part, on the power consumption information, the performance information, the reliability information, or a combination thereof.
6. A method of claim 5, wherein:
determining the power consumption information, the performance information, the reliability information, or a combination thereof is based, at least in part, on one or more workload models.
7. A method of claim 6, further comprising:
binding of the one or more workload models with the one or more state trajectories.
8. A method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining to establish a relationship among the one or more workload models and one or more other workload models associated with one or more storage providers associated with the at least one information space, one or more other information spaces, or a combination thereof.
9. A method of claim 8, wherein the relationship is based, at least in part, on a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) model, a single-input single-output (SISO) model, or a combination thereof.
10. A method of claim 6, wherein the one or more workload models are local workload models, aggregated workload models, or a combination thereof.
11. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory including computer program code for one or more programs,
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following;
determine one or more state trajectories associated with one or more information management processes operating on at least one information space;
process andor facilitate a processing of the one or more state trajectories to determine criticality information associated with one or more data items of the at least one information space; and
determine (a) one or more data backup processes, (b) one or more data restoration processes, (c) one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof based, at least in part, on the criticality information,
wherein a state trajectory provides a mapping of information flow through the at least one information space and defines a finite set of possible future states for each of the one or more information management processes at given point in the nearest future, wherein the mapping comprises a geometrical representation of a trajectory of an active state for each of the one or more information management processes, and
wherein only the one or more data items that are critical, based at least upon the critically information, are included in the data backup process, the data restoration process, or combination thereof.
12. An apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
process andor facilitate a processing of the one or more state trajectories to determine time-sensitivity information associated with the one or more data items,
wherein (a) the one or more data backup processes, (b) the one or more data restoration processes, (c) the one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof are based, at least in part, on the time-sensitivity information.
13. An apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
process andor facilitate a processing of the one or more state trajectories to determine one or more future states of the one or more information management processes, the at least one information space, the one or more data items, or a combination thereof,
wherein the determination of (a) the one or more data backup processes, (b) the one or more data restoration processes, (c) the one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the one or more data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof are based, at least in part, on the one or more future states.
14. An apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
determine one or more patterns associated with one or more historical observations of the one or more state trajectories; and
cause, at least in part, a filtering of the one or more future states based, at least in part, on the one or more patterns.
15. An apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
determine power consumption information, performance information, reliability information, or a combination thereof associated with the at least one information space, the one or more information management processes, the one or more data backup processes, the one or more data restoration processes, or a combination thereof,
wherein the determination of (a) the one or more data backup processes, (b) the one or more data restoration processes, (c) the one or more parameters for the one or more data backup processes, the one or more data restoration processes, or a combination thereof, or (d) a combination thereof are based, at least in part, on the power consumption information, the performance information, the reliability information, or a combination thereof.
16. An apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
determine the power consumption information, the performance information, the reliability information, or a combination thereof based, at least in part, on one or more workload models.
17. An apparatus of claim 16, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
cause, at least in part, a binding of the one or more workload models with the one or more state trajectories.
18. An apparatus of claim 16, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:
determine to establish a relationship among the one or more workload models and one or more other workload models associated with one or more storage providers associated with the at least one information space, one or more other information spaces, or a combination thereof.
19. An apparatus of claim 18, wherein the relationship is based, at least in part, on a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) model, a single-input single-output (SISO) model, or a combination thereof.
20. An apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more workload models are local workload models, aggregated workload models, or a combination thereof.
21. A method of claim 1, wherein the state trajectory provides a mapping of information flow through the at least one information space by checking the recyclability of the criticality information.
22. An apparatus of claim 16, wherein the state trajectory provides a mapping of information flow through the at least one information space by checking the recyclability of the criticality information.