1. A dual-chip light splitting and light combining module, comprising a polarizing light splitting prism, a first mirror, a first polarizing total internal reflection (TIR) prism, a first displaying chip, a second mirror, a second polarizing TIR prism, a second displaying chip and a light combining prism, the polarizing light splitting prism being adapted to split an incident non-polarized light into a first polarized light and a second polarized light perpendicular to each other, wherein:
the first polarized light is reflected by the first mirror to the first polarizing TIR prism, reflected by the first TIR prism to the first displaying chip, redirected by the first displaying chip to the first polarizing TIR prism, and then transmitted into the light combining prism via the first polarizing TIR prism;
the second polarized light is reflected by the second mirror to the second polarizing TIR prism, reflected by the second TIR prism to the second displaying chip, redirected by the second displaying chip to the second polarizing TIR prism, and then transmitted into the light combining prism via the second polarizing TIR prism; and
the light combining prism is adapted to combine the incident first polarized light with the incident second polarized light.
2. The dual-chip light splitting and light combining module of claim 1, wherein:
the first displaying chip is one of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror or a digital mirror device (DMD); and
the second displaying chip is one of an MEMS mirror or a DMD.
3. The dual-chip light splitting and light combining module of claim 1, wherein the first displaying chip and the second displaying chip have a refreshing frequency of 60 Hz.
4. A dual-chip light splitting and light combining module, comprising a light splitting prism, a first mirror, a first polarizing total internal reflection (TIR) prism, a first displaying chip, a second mirror, a second polarizing TIR prism, a second displaying chip and a light combining prism, the light splitting prism being adapted to split an incident non-polarized light into a first polarized light and a second polarized light, wherein:
the first polarized light is reflected by the first mirror to the first polarizing TIR prism, reflected by the first TIR prism to the first displaying chip, redirected by the first displaying chip to the first polarizing TIR prism, and then transmitted into the light combining prism via the first polarizing TIR prism;
the second polarized light is reflected by the second mirror to the second polarizing TIR prism, reflected by the second TIR prism to the second displaying chip, redirected by the second displaying chip to the second polarizing TIR prism, and then transmitted into the light combining prism via the second polarizing TIR prism; and
the light combining prism is adapted to combine the incident first polarized light with the incident second polarized light.
5. The dual-chip light splitting and light combining module of claim 4, wherein the light splitting prism is a polarizing light splitting prism.
6. The dual-chip light splitting and light combining module of claim 4, wherein the light splitting prism is adapted to split the incident non-polarized light into the first polarized light and the second polarized light perpendicular to each other.
7. The dual-chip light splitting and light combining module of claim 4, wherein:
the first displaying chip is one of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror or a digital mirror device (DMD); and
the second displaying chip is one of an MEMS mirror or a DMD.
8. The dual-chip light splitting and light combining module of claim 4, wherein the first displaying chip and the second displaying chip have a refreshing frequency of 60 Hz.
9. A three-dimensional (3D) projection optical system, comprising a light source shaping lens, a dual-chip light splitting and light combining module, and an imaging lens, wherein:
the dual-chip light splitting and light combining module comprises a light splitting prism, a first mirror, a first polarizing total internal reflection (TIR) prism, a first displaying chip, a second mirror, a second polarizing TIR prism, a second displaying chip and a light combining prism, the light splitting prism being adapted to split a non-polarized light incident from the light source shaping lens into a first polarized light and a second polarized light, wherein:
the first polarized light is reflected by the first mirror to the first polarizing TIR prism, reflected by the first TIR prism to the first displaying chip, redirected by the first displaying chip to the first polarizing TIR prism, and then transmitted into the light combining prism via the first polarizing TIR prism;
the second polarized light is reflected by the second mirror to the second polarizing TIR prism, reflected by the second TIR prism to the second displaying chip, redirected by the second displaying chip to the second polarizing TIR prism, and then transmitted into the light combining prism via the second polarizing TIR prism; and
the light combining prism is adapted to combine the incident first polarized light with the incident second polarized light and transfer the combined light to the imaging lens; and
the imaging lens is adapted to correct and amplify the combined light transferred by the dual-chip light splitting and light combining module and project the light outwards.
10. The 3D projection optical system of claim 9, wherein the light splitting prism is a polarizing light splitting prism.
11. The 3D projection optical system of claim 9, wherein the light splitting prism is adapted to split the incident non-polarized light into the first polarized light and the second polarized light perpendicular to each other.
12. The 3D projection optical system of claim 9, wherein:
the first displaying chip is one of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror or a digital mirror device (DMD); and
the second displaying chip is one of an MEMS mirror or a DMD.
13. The 3D projection optical system of claim 9, wherein the first displaying chip and the second displaying chip have a refreshing frequency of 60 Hz.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus suitable for use in a compressed gas-based energy storage and recovery system, the apparatus comprising:
a first hydraulic cylinder having a first working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the first hydraulic cylinder, the first working piston dividing the first hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a first hydraulic chamber and a second hydraulic chamber;
a second hydraulic cylinder having a second working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the second hydraulic cylinder, the second working piston dividing the second hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a third hydraulic chamber and a fourth hydraulic chamber;
the first working piston having substantially the same diameter as the second working piston,
a connecting rod disposed between, and coupled to, the first working piston and the second working piston;
a first hydraulic actuator having an actuator cylinder and an actuator piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the actuator cylinder, the actuator piston dividing the actuator cylinder into, and defining therewith, a first actuator chamber and a second actuator chamber, the hydraulic actuator being coupled to at least one of the first working piston, the second working piston, and the connecting rod, the hydraulic actuator configured to receive pressurized hydraulic fluid in the first actuator chamber to move the first and second working pistons in a first direction to reduce the volume of the first hydraulic chamber and the third hydraulic chamber, the hydraulic actuator further configured to receive pressurized hydraulic fluid in the second actuator chamber to move the first and second working pistons in a second direction, opposite the first direction, to reduce the volume of the second hydraulic chamber and the fourth hydraulic chamber; and
a second hydraulic actuator coupled to at least one of the first working piston, the second working piston, and the connecting rod, the second hydraulic actuator operable to move the first and second working pistons in the first direction and the second direction.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a combined volume of the first and second hydraulic chambers is substantially equal to a combined volume of the third and fourth hydraulic chambers.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first hydraulic cylinder includes a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the second hydraulic cylinder includes a third fluid port and fourth fluid port, and
wherein the actuator moving the first and second working pistons in the first direction causes: a) liquid contained within the first hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the first hydraulic chamber to a gas compressorexpander device via the first fluid port, b) liquid from a liquid storage structure to be drawn into the second hydraulic chamber via the second fluid port, c) liquid contained within the third hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the third hydraulic chamber to the liquid storage structure via the third fluid port, and d) liquid from the gas compressorexpander device to be drawn into the fourth chamber via the fourth fluid port.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first hydraulic cylinder includes a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the second hydraulic cylinder includes a third fluid port and fourth fluid port, and
wherein the actuator moving the first and second working pistons in the second direction causes: a) liquid from a liquid storage structure to be drawn into the first hydraulic chamber via the first fluid port, b) liquid contained within the second hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the second hydraulic chamber to a gas compressorexpander device via the second fluid port, c) liquid from the gas compressorexpander device to be drawn into the third chamber via the third fluid port, and d) liquid contained within the fourth hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the fourth hydraulic chamber to the liquid storage structure via the fourth fluid port.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first hydraulic cylinder includes a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the second hydraulic cylinder includes a third fluid port and fourth fluid port, and
wherein the actuator moving the first and second working pistons in the first direction causes: a) liquid contained within the first hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the first hydraulic chamber to a liquid storage structure via the first fluid port, b) liquid from a gas compressorexpander device to be drawn into the second hydraulic chamber via the second fluid port, c) liquid contained within the third hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the third hydraulic chamber to the gas compressorexpander device via the third fluid port, and d) liquid from the liquid storage structure to be drawn into the fourth chamber via the fourth fluid port.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first hydraulic cylinder includes a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the second hydraulic cylinder includes a third fluid port and fourth fluid port, and
wherein the actuator moving the first and second working pistons in the second direction causes: a) liquid from a gas compressorexpander device to be drawn into the first hydraulic chamber via the first fluid port, b) liquid contained within the second hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the second hydraulic chamber to a liquid storage structure via the second fluid port, c) liquid from the liquid storage structure to be drawn into the third chamber via the third fluid port, and d) liquid contained within the fourth hydraulic chamber to be discharged from the fourth hydraulic chamber to the gas compressorexpander device via the fourth fluid port.
7. An apparatus suitable for use in a compressed gas-based energy storage and recovery system, the apparatus comprising:
a first hydraulic cylinder having a first working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the first hydraulic cylinder, the first working piston dividing the first hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a first hydraulic chamber and a second hydraulic chamber;
a second hydraulic cylinder having a second working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the second hydraulic cylinder, the second working piston dividing the second hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a third hydraulic chamber and a fourth hydraulic chamber;
the first working piston having substantially the same diameter as the second working piston,
a connecting rod disposed between, and coupled to, the first working piston and the second working piston;
a hydraulic actuator having an actuator cylinder and an actuator piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the actuator cylinder, the actuator piston dividing the actuator cylinder into, and defining therewith, a first actuator chamber and a second actuator chamber, the hydraulic actuator being coupled to at least one of the first working piston, the second working piston, and the connecting rod, the hydraulic actuator configured to receive pressurized hydraulic fluid in the first actuator chamber to move the first and second working pistons in a first direction to reduce the volume of the first hydraulic chamber and the third hydraulic chamber, the hydraulic actuator further configured to receive pressurized hydraulic fluid in the second actuator chamber to move the first and second working pistons in a second direction, opposite the first direction, to reduce the volume of the second hydraulic chamber and the fourth hydraulic chamber; and
a hydraulic controller fluidically coupleable to the hydraulic actuator, the hydraulic controller operable in a compression mode to produce a hydraulic actuator force on the first and second working pistons sufficient to move the first and second working pistons: a) in the first direction such that liquid contained in the first hydraulic chamber and the third hydraulic chamber is discharged from the first hydraulic chamber and the third hydraulic chamber, and b) in the second direction such that liquid contained in the second hydraulic chamber and the fourth hydraulic chamber is discharged from the second hydraulic chamber and the fourth hydraulic chamber,
wherein the hydraulic controller is operable to maintain a hydraulic pressure within the first hydraulic chamber substantially equal to a hydraulic pressure within the fourth hydraulic chamber at any given time.
8. A system for increasing the efficiency of a compressed gas-based energy storage and recovery system, the system comprising:
a first hydraulic cylinder having a first working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the first hydraulic cylinder, the first working piston dividing the first hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a first hydraulic chamber and a second hydraulic chamber,
the first hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to a liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to a gas compressorexpander device,
the second hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to the gas compressorexpander device;
a second hydraulic cylinder having a second working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the second hydraulic cylinder, the second working piston dividing the second hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a third hydraulic chamber and a fourth hydraulic chamber,
the third hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to the gas compressorexpander device,
the fourth hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to the gas compressorexpander device;
a hydraulic actuator coupled to the first working piston; and
a hydraulic controller fluidically coupleable to the hydraulic actuator, the hydraulic controller operable in a first operating mode in which liquid is discharged from the first hydraulic cylinder to the gas compressorexpander device and from the second hydraulic cylinder to the liquid storage structure, and a second operating mode in which liquid is discharged from the first hydraulic cylinder to the liquid storage structure and from the second hydraulic cylinder to the gas compressorexpander device,
wherein operation of the hydraulic controller in the first operating mode produces a hydraulic actuator force on the first working piston sufficient to move the first working piston: a) in a first direction such that liquid contained in the first hydraulic chamber is discharged from the first hydraulic chamber into the gas compressorexpander device and liquid is drawn into the second hydraulic chamber from the liquid storage structure, and b) in a second direction, opposite the first direction, such that liquid contained in the second hydraulic chamber is discharged to the gas compressorexpander device and drawn into the first hydraulic chamber from the liquid storage structure.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein operation of the hydraulic controller in the first operating mode produces a hydraulic actuator force on the second working piston sufficient to move the second working piston: a) in a third direction such that liquid contained in the third hydraulic chamber is discharged from the third hydraulic chamber into the liquid storage structure, and b) in a fourth direction, opposite the third direction, such that liquid contained in the fourth hydraulic chamber is discharged to the liquid storage structure.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein movement of the first working piston in the first direction is concurrent with movement of the second working piston in the third direction, the third direction being substantially the same as the first direction.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein fluid pressure in the fourth hydraulic chamber from liquid received into the fourth hydraulic chamber from the gas compressorexpander device produces a hydraulic force on the second working piston sufficient to move the second working piston in the third direction.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the second working piston is operatively coupled to the first working piston such that movement of the second working piston in the third direction facilitates movement of the first working piston in the first direction.
13. The system of claim 8, wherein a combined temperature within the first and second hydraulic chambers is greater than a combined temperature within the third and fourth hydraulic chambers.
14. The system of claim 8, wherein liquid contained in the first hydraulic chamber has a first temperature during operation, and liquid contained in the third hydraulic chamber has a second temperature greater than the first temperature during operation.
15. A system for increasing the efficiency of a compressed gas-based energy storage and recovery system, the system comprising:
a gas compressorexpander device including a pneumatic cylinder having a pneumatic working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the pneumatic cylinder, the pneumatic working piston dividing the pneumatic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a first pneumatic chamber and a second pneumatic chamber,
the first pneumatic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to a gas source,
the second pneumatic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the gas source;
a liquid management system including a hydraulic cylinder having a hydraulic working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic working piston dividing the hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a first hydraulic chamber and a second hydraulic chamber,
the first hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to a liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to the second fluid port of the first pneumatic chamber,
the second hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to the second fluid port of the second pneumatic chamber; and
a first hydraulic actuator coupled to the pneumatic working piston and a second hydraulic actuator coupled to the hydraulic working piston; and
a hydraulic controller fluidically coupleable to the first and second hydraulic actuators, the hydraulic controller operable to cause the second hydraulic actuator to move the hydraulic working piston to: a) reduce the volume of the first hydraulic chamber and displace a first volume of liquid contained therein to the first pneumatic chamber of the gas compressorexpander device, and b) increase the volume of the second hydraulic chamber and receive therein a second volume of liquid from the liquid storage structure.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the hydraulic controller is operable to cause the first hydraulic actuator to move the pneumatic working piston to reduce the volume of the first pneumatic chamber and displace at least a portion of the first volume of liquid contained therein out of the first pneumatic chamber.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the pneumatic cylinder is a first pneumatic cylinder and the pneumatic working piston is a first pneumatic working piston, the gas compressorexpander device including a second pneumatic cylinder having a second pneumatic working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the second pneumatic cylinder, the second pneumatic working piston dividing the second pneumatic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a third pneumatic chamber and a fourth pneumatic chamber,
the third pneumatic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the first pneumatic chamber,
the fourth pneumatic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the second pneumatic chamber,
the hydraulic controller operable to cause the first hydraulic actuator to move the first pneumatic working piston to reduce the volume of the first pneumatic chamber and displace at least a portion of the first volume of liquid contained therein to the third pneumatic chamber.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is a first hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic working piston is a first hydraulic working piston, the liquid management system includes a second hydraulic cylinder having a second hydraulic working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the second hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic working piston dividing the second hydraulic cylinder into, and defining therewith, a third hydraulic chamber and a fourth hydraulic chamber,
the third hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to the second fluid port of the fourth pneumatic chamber,
the fourth hydraulic chamber having a first fluid port and a second fluid port, the first fluid port fluidically coupleable to the liquid storage structure and the second fluid port fluidically coupleable to the second fluid port of the third pneumatic chamber,
the hydraulic controller being operable to cause the second hydraulic actuator to move the second hydraulic working piston to: a) reduce the volume of the third hydraulic chamber and displace a third volume of liquid contained therein to the liquid storage structure, and b) increase the volume of the fourth hydraulic chamber and receive therein a fourth volume of liquid from the third pneumatic chamber of the gas compressorexpander device.