Author: claimsbot

1. A method for determining use of a second life battery under load conditions to reduce CO2 emissions, said method comprising the steps of:
modeling uncertainties in a forecast of a load profile to which said second life battery is using a Monte Carlo simulation for a load profile; modeling uncertainties of a renewable energy profile which is zero emission power profile using a Monte Carlo simulation to forecast availability of said renewable energy at different points of a day to charge said second life battery;
modeling uncertainties in CO2 emissions rate using a Monte Carlo simulation for a CO2 emissions profile;
determining an initial state of charge SOC of said second life battery based on a Gaussian distribution; and
using said load profile, CO2 emissions profile, renewable energy profile and modeled initial state of charge SOC of second battery life for determining a rate of charging during low emission hours and discharging during high CO2 emission hours of said second life battery, and determining storage size of said second life battery and CO2 emissions reduce,
wherein the method steps are performed by a processor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said Monte Carlo simulation for said renewable energy profile comprises a new renewable energy profile being based on a renewable energy hourly profile plus a deviation in renewable power influenced by a random factor.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said Monte Carlo simulation for said renewable energy profile comprises an output of a set of load profiles accounting for uncertainties in predicting a zero emission profile.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said Monte Carlo simulation for said renewable energy profile comprises an iteration based on defining a renewable hourly profile.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said Monte Carlo simulation for said renewable energy profile comprises an iteration based on defining a deviation in said renewable hourly profile.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining said storage size of said second life battery comprises a rule based control to size said second life battery to reduce CO2 emissions depending on said renewable energy availability, said rule based control comprising inputs of hourly CO2 emissions rates, said load profile and an hourly profile of said zero emissions profile.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein limits on said battery state of charge SOC and charge and discharge of said second life battery are limits of said rule based control.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of pretreating lignocellulosic biomass, the method comprising:
a) mixing the lignocellulosic biomass with either a sulfite solution having an initial pH of at least about 3 or a hydroxide solution having an initial pH of at least about 9, as measured at room temperature, and maintaining the mixture at a temperature in the range from about 150\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C. for a first treatment period; and
b) subsequently decreasing the pH of the intact mixture of step a) to a pH in the range from about 1 to less than 3 by introducing a pH-reducing agent into the mixture and maintaining the mixture at a temperature in the range from about 150\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C. for a second treatment period to provide a treated product comprising pretreated biomass solids and a process liquor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method removes no greater than about 60% by weight of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic biomass.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the process liquor comprises no more than about 15 g of carbohydrate degradation productskg of lignocellulosic biomass.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the process liquor comprises no more than about 6 g of furankg of lignocellulosic biomass.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass has a lignin content of at least 15% by weight.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the process liquor comprises no more than about 15 g of carbohydrate degradation productskg of lignocellulosic biomass.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the process liquor comprises no more than about 6 g of furankg of lignocellulosic biomass.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is mixed with the sulfite solution; the sulfite solution has a pH in the range from about 3 to about 5, as measured at room temperature; and the pH-reducing agent is sulfur dioxide, an acid or a combination of both.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is mixed with the sulfite solution; the sulfite solution has a pH in the range from about 9 to about 11, as measured at room temperature; and the pH-reducing agent is sulfur dioxide, an acid or a combination of both.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is mixed with the hydroxide solution and the pH reducing agent is sulfur dioxide.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of decreasing the pH of the mixture to a pH in the range from about 1 to less than 3 comprises at least two sequential injections of the sulfur dioxide into the mixture, wherein the mixture has a pH in the range from about 3 to about 7 after the first of the at least two injections and a pH in the range from about 1 to about 2 after the last of the at least two injections.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the mixture has a pH in the range from about 3 to about 5 after the first of the at least two injections.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of decreasing the pH of the mixture to a pH in the range from about 1 to less than 3 comprises continuously injecting the pH reducing agent into the mixture to provide a continuous pH adjustment until the mixture has a pH in the range from about 1 to about 2.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH-reducing agent is sulfur dioxide, an acid, or the combination of both.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass has a lignin content of at least 10% by weight.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of decreasing the pH of the mixture to a pH in the range from about 1 to less than 3 by introducing a pH-reducing agent into the mixture comprises introducing two or more sequential injections of the pH-reducing agent into the mixture.
17. A method of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, the method comprising:
a) mixing the lignocellulosic biomass with either a sulfite solution having an initial pH of at least about 3 or a hydroxide solution having an initial pH of at least about 9, as measured at room temperature, and maintaining the mixture at a temperature in the range from about 150\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C. for a first treatment period;
b) subsequently decreasing the pH of the intact mixture of step a) to a pH in the range from about 1 to less than 3 by introducing a pH-reducing agent into the mixture and maintaining the mixture at a temperature in the range from about 150\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C. for a second treatment period to provide a treated product comprising pretreated biomass solids and a process liquor; and
subjecting the pretreated product to enzymatic saccharification and fermentation to produce ethanol.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the method removes no greater than about 60% by weight of the lignin present in the lignocellulosic biomass.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the process liquor comprises no more than about 15 g of carbohydrate degradation productskg of lignocellulosic biomass.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the process liquor comprises no more than about 6 g of furankg of lignocellulosic biomass.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is mixed with the sulfite solution; the sulfite solution has a pH in the range from about 3 to about 5, as measured at room temperature; and the pH-reducing agent is sulfur dioxide, an acid or a combination of both.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is mixed with the sulfite solution; the sulfite solution has a pH in the range from about 9 to about 11, as measured at room temperature; and the pH-reducing agent is sulfur dioxide, an acid or a combination of both.
23. The method of claim 17, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is mixed with the hydroxide solution and the pH reducing agent is sulfur dioxide.
24. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of decreasing the pH of the mixture to a pH in the range from about 1 to less than 3 comprises at least two sequential injections of the sulfur dioxide into the mixture, wherein the mixture has a pH in the range from about 3 to about 7 after the first of the at least two injections and a pH in the range from about 1 to about 2 after the last of the at least two injections.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the mixture has a pH in the range from about 3 to about 5 after the first of the at least two injections.
26. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of decreasing the pH of the mixture to a pH in the range from about 1 to less than 3 comprises continuously injecting the pH reducing agent into the mixture to provide a continuous pH adjustment until the mixture has a pH in the range from about 1 to about 2.

What is claimed is:

1. A method for forwarding network addresses, said method comprising:
receiving a redirect request, the redirect request including one or more redirect entries, wherein each redirect entry includes a redirect destination address and a network address;
creating an electronic message wherein the electronic message is addressed to one of the redirect destination addresses;
including one or more of the network addresses in the electronic message; and
sending the message to the redirect destination address.
2. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the receiving is performed by a WAP gateway and wherein the redirect request is sent from a wireless WAP client.
3. The method as described in claim 1 further comprising:
storing the redirect entries in a database wherein the storing results in one or more database entries.
4. The method as described in claim 3 further comprising:
sorting the database entries based on corresponding redirect destination addresses;
creating the electronic message for each unique destination address from the group of destination addresses;
including one or more network addresses in each of the electronic messages; and
sending the electronic message to each of the unique destination addresses.
5. The method as described in claim 4 further comprising:
removing the database entries after the sending of the electronic message.
6. The method as described in claim 3 wherein the redirect request includes a priority level, the method further comprising:
determining whether to store one or more corresponding redirect entries in the database based on the priority level.
7. The method as described in claim 1 wherein the redirect entries include textual descriptions corresponding to the network addresses, the textual descriptions included in the electronic messages.
8. The method as described in claim 1 wherein each of the network addresses corresponds to one or more Internet Web pages.
9. An information handling system comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory accessible by the processors;
one or more nonvolatile storage devices accessible by the processors;
one or more network adapters accessible by the processors for sending and receiving data across a network; and
a network address forwarding tool to forward network addresses, the network address forwarding tool including:
means for receiving a redirect request at one of the network adapters, the redirect request including one or more redirect entries, wherein each redirect entry includes a redirect destination address and a network address;
means for creating an electronic message wherein the electronic message is addressed to one of the redirect destination addresses;
means for including one or more of the network addresses in the electronic message; and
means for sending the message to the redirect destination address through one of the network adapters.
10. The information handling system as described in claim 9 wherein at least one of the network adapters includes a wireless receiver for receiving the request over a wireless network, wherein the information handling system includes a WAP gateway, and wherein the redirect request is sent from a wireless WAP client and received at the wireless receiver.
11. The information handling system as described in claim 9 further comprising:
means for storing the redirect entries in a database stored in one or more of the nonvolatile storage devices wherein the storing results in one or more database entries.
12. The information handling system as described in claim 11 further comprising:
means for sorting the database entries based on corresponding redirect destination addresses;
means for creating the electronic message for each unique destination address from the group of destination addresses;
means for including one or more network addresses in each of the electronic messages; and
means for sending the electronic messages to each of the unique destination addresses through one of the network adapters.
13. The information handling system as described in claim 11 wherein the redirect request includes a priority level, the information handling system further comprising:
means for determining whether to store one or more corresponding redirect entries in the database based on the priority level.
14. The information handling system as described in claim 9 wherein the redirect entries include textual descriptions corresponding to the network addresses, the textual descriptions included in the electronic messages.
15. A computer program product stored in a computer operable media for forwarding network addresses, said computer program product comprising:
means for receiving a redirect request, the redirect request including one or more redirect entries, wherein each redirect entry includes a redirect destination address and a network address;
means for creating an electronic message wherein the electronic message is addressed to one of the redirect destination addresses;
means for including one or more of the network addresses in the electronic message; and
means for sending the message to the redirect destination address.
16. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the means for receiving is performed by a WAP gateway and wherein the redirect request is sent from a wireless WAP client.
17. The computer program product as described in claim 15 further comprising:
means for storing the redirect entries in a database wherein the storing results in one or more database entries.
18. The computer program product as described in claim 17 further comprising:
means for sorting the database entries based on corresponding redirect destination addresses;
means for creating the electronic message for each unique destination address from the group of destination addresses;
means for including one or more network addresses in each of the electronic messages; and
means for sending the electronic messages to each of the unique destination addresses.
19. The computer program product as described in claim 18 further comprising:
means for removing the database entries after the sending of the electronic messages.
20. The computer program product as described in claim 17 wherein the redirect request includes a priority level, the computer program product further comprising:
means for determining whether to store one or more corresponding redirect entries in the database based on the priority level..
21. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein the redirect entries include textual descriptions corresponding to the network addresses, the textual descriptions included in the electronic messages.
22. The computer program product as described in claim 15 wherein each of the network addresses corresponds to one or more Internet Web pages.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. Gripper device for a tufting machine, in particular for the manufacture of carpets with cut pile, comprising a gripper having at least one first gripper section with a gripper edge for picking up loops, and a counter knife element for accepting the loops from the gripper element, wherein the counter knife element has a cutting edge that is associated with a knife, and wherein the counter knife element and the gripper are separate elements, with the gripper being removably mounted on and supported by the counter knife element.
2. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the gripper edge is straight.
3. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the cutting edge is straight.
4. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the gripper edge and the cutting edge are aligned parallel to each other.
5. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the gripper edge and the cutting edge adjoin each other.
6. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the gripper has a hook on its end.
7. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the gripper has a shaft, which is accommodated by a cutout of the counter knife element.
8. Gripper device as in claim 7, wherein the cutout is a groove.
9. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the gripper is immovably supported on the counter knife element.
10. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein a flat side of the gripper abuts against the counter knife element.
11. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the counter knife element has a knife extension, which has the cutting edge and against which abuts the flat side of the gripper.
12. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the counter knife element and the gripper are made of different materials.
13. Gripper device as in claim 1, wherein the counter knife element has a flat body portion for mounting the gripper device in a groove of a mounting block.