Author: claimsbot

1. A process for foaming a water-based adhesive comprising the steps:
a. providing a water-based adhesive in a pressure tight container, wherein the water-based adhesive is an aqueous polymer solution or dispersion;
b. introducing a gaseous substance into the adhesive at room temperature and at pressure greater than 0.2 atm than ambient pressure in the container, thereby dissolving the gaseous substance in the adhesive
c. releasing the adhesive at an ambient pressure, causing the adhesive to foam.
2. The process of claim 1 further comprising step (d) applying the foamed adhesive onto a substrate.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the substrate is paper, wood, synthetic film or metal.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the gaseous substance has a solubility increase greater than 30% when subjected to a change from 1 to 2 atm and at room temperature.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein in the step (a), the container is connected to a pressure cylinder, and wherein the cylinder has a pressure greater than the container.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the gaseous substance is a liquid or a solid with a temperature T<0\xb0 C.
7. A process for foaming a water-based adhesive comprising the steps:
a. providing a water-based adhesive in a pressure tight container, wherein the water-based adhesive is an aqueous polymer solution or dispersion;
b. adding and mixing a first reagent into the adhesive in the pressure-tight container;
c. adding and mixing a second reagent into the adhesive in the container;
d. releasing the adhesive at an ambient pressure, causing the a first reagent and second reagent react and foam.
8. The process of claim 6 further comprising step (e) applying the foamed adhesive onto a substrate.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the substrate is paper, wood, synthetic film or metal.
10. The process of claim 7 wherein the adhesive comprises a homo or co-polymer of vinyl acetate, a polymer or co-polymer of acrylate or acrylic acid or esters thereof.
11. The process of claim 7 wherein the adhesive comprises polyvinyl alcohol, starch or dextrin-based natural polymers.
12. The process of claim 7 wherein the adhesive contains 5-75 wt %, based on total weight, of non-volatiles.
13. The process of claim 7 wherein the first reagent is 5-30 wt %, based on to total weight of the adhesive, of a metal carbonate, ammonium carbonate or corresponding hydrogen carbonates, or a mixture of carbonates andor hydrogen carbonates.
14. The process of claim 7 wherein the second reagent is an organic or inorganic acid, or acidic salt.
15. The process of claim 7 wherein in step (a), the adhesive is at room temperature and held at pressure greater than 0.59 atm than ambient pressure.
16. The process of claim 7 wherein in step (c), the second reagent is added to the adhesive at a higher pressure than the adhesive.
17. The process of claim 7 wherein the foam exits in step (d) at a pressure lower than the pressure when in the container.
18. An article manufactured by the process of applying the foamed adhesive of claim 2.
19. An article manufactured by the process of applying the foamed adhesive of claim 8.
20. An apparatus for the process of foaming a water-based adhesive of claim 10 comprising: a pressure-tight container for the adhesive wherein an overpressure is provided through a first valve, and a drain valve placed at the outlet of said container, a motor-driven mixer in said container, a pressure-tight second vessel which comprises a second valve at its inlet, and an outlet of said vessel which is connected through a third valve to the pressure-tight container.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method performed by data processing apparatus, the method comprising:
identifying a set of responsive images for a search phrase that includes two or more terms;
determining, by one or more processors, interaction rankings for images in the set of responsive images; the interaction ranking of each image being based on a number of user interactions with the image relative to a number of user interactions with other images in the set;
creating, by one or more processors, two or more sub-queries based on the search phrase, the sub-queries each being a proper subset of the two or more terms;
for each sub-query from the two or more sub-queries:
determining, by one or more processors, sub-query model rankings for images in the set of responsive images, the sub-query model ranking of each image being determined based on a sub-query model for the sub-query and features of the images, the sub-query model being an image relevance model for the sub-query; and
determining, by one or more processors, a search phrase score for the image relevance model, the search phrase score being a measure of similarity between the interaction rankings of the images and the sub-query model rankings of the images; and

selecting, based on the search phrase scores for the sub-queries, one of the sub-query models as a model for the search phrase, the selected sub-query model having a search phrase score that meets a threshold search phrase score.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining interaction rankings for images in the set of responsive images comprises:
ranking a first image from the set of responsive images as a highest ranked image, the first image having a highest number of user interactions among the images in the set of responsive images;
ranking a second image from the set of responsive images as a second highest ranked image, the second image having a second highest number of user interactions among the images in the set of responsive images; and
ranking each unranked image in the set of responsive images in descending order according to the number of user interactions with the image.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating an interaction histogram based on the interaction rankings and the numbers of user interactions with the images.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising creating a sub-query histogram based on the sub-query model rankings and the number of user interactions with the images.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining a search phrase score comprises:
determining a level of match between the interaction histogram and the sub-query histogram; and
determining the search phrase score based on the level of match between the interaction histogram and the sub-query histogram.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining, for the sub-query model of the selected sub-query, an additional search phrase score specifying a measure of similarity between interaction rankings of other images responsive to another search phrase and sub-query model rankings of the other images based on the sub-query model; and
determining a global search phrase score for the sub-query model, the global search phrase score being determined based on an aggregate measure of the search phrase score and the additional search phrase score.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining that the global search phrase score for the sub-query model meets a global search phrase score threshold;
identifying the sub-query as a global sub-query based on the determination that the global search phrase score meets the global search phrase threshold; and
ranking images for at least one additional search phrase that includes the sub-query and at least one other term.
8. A non-transitory computer storage medium encoded with a computer program, the program comprising instructions that when executed by data processing apparatus cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
identifying a set of responsive images for a search phrase that includes two or more terms;
determining interaction rankings for images in the set of responsive images; the interaction ranking of each image being based on a number of user interactions with the image relative to a number of user interactions with other images in the set;
creating two or more sub-queries based on the search phrase, the sub-queries each being a proper subset of the two or more terms;
for each sub-query from the two or more sub-queries:
determining sub-query model rankings for images in the set of responsive images, the sub-query model ranking of each image being determined based on a sub-query model for the sub-query and features of the images, the sub-query model being an image relevance model for the sub-query; and
determining a search phrase score for the image relevance model, the search phrase score being a measure of similarity between the interaction rankings of the images and the sub-query model rankings of the images; and

selecting, based on the search phrase scores for the sub-queries, one of the sub-query models as a model for the search phrase, the selected sub-query model having a search phrase score that meets a threshold search phrase score.
9. The computer storage medium of claim 8, wherein determining interaction rankings for images in the set of responsive images comprises:
ranking a first image from the set of responsive images as a highest ranked image, the first image having a highest number of user interactions among the images in the set of responsive images;
ranking a second image from the set of responsive images as a second highest ranked image, the second image having a second highest number of user interactions among the images in the set of responsive images; and
ranking each unranked image in the set of responsive images in descending order according to the number of user interactions with the image.
10. The computer storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising creating an interaction histogram based on the interaction rankings and the numbers of user interactions with the images.
11. The computer storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising creating a sub-query histogram based on the sub-query model rankings and the number of user interactions with the images.
12. The computer storage medium of claim 11, wherein determining a search phrase score comprises:
determining a level of match between the interaction histogram and the sub-query histogram; and
determining the search phrase score based on the level of match between the interaction histogram and the sub-query histogram.
13. The computer storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, for the sub-query model of the selected sub-query, an additional search phrase score specifying a measure of similarity between interaction rankings of other images responsive to another search phrase and sub-query model rankings of the other images based on the sub-query model; and
determining a global search phrase score for the sub-query model, the global search phrase score being determined based on an aggregate measure of the search phrase score and the additional search phrase score.
14. A system comprising:
a data store; and
one or more computers that interact with the data store and execute instructions that cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising:
identifying a set of responsive images for a search phrase that includes two or more terms;
determining interaction rankings for images in the set of responsive images; the interaction ranking of each image being based on a number of user interactions with the image relative to a number of user interactions with other images in the set;
creating two or more sub-queries based on the search phrase, the sub-queries each being a proper subset of the two or more terms;
for each sub-query from the two or more sub-queries:
determining sub-query model rankings for images in the set of responsive images, the sub-query model ranking of each image being determined based on a sub-query model for the sub-query and features of the images, the sub-query model being an image relevance model for the sub-query; and
determining a search phrase score for the image relevance model, the search phrase score being a measure of similarity between the interaction rankings of the images and the sub-query model rankings of the images; and

selecting, based on the search phrase scores for the sub-queries, one of the sub-query models as a model for the search phrase, the selected sub-query model having a search phrase score that meets a threshold search phrase score.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein determining interaction rankings for images in the set of responsive images comprises:
ranking a first image from the set of responsive images as a highest ranked image, the first image having a highest number of user interactions among the images in the set of responsive images;
ranking a second image from the set of responsive images as a second highest ranked image, the second image having a second highest number of user interactions among the images in the set of responsive images; and
ranking each unranked image in the set of responsive images in descending order according to the number of user interactions with the image.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising creating an interaction histogram based on the interaction rankings and the numbers of user interactions with the images.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising creating a sub-query histogram based on the sub-query model rankings and the number of user interactions with the images.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein determining a search phrase score comprises:
determining a level of match between the interaction histogram and the sub-query histogram; and
determining the search phrase score based on the level of match between the interaction histogram and the sub-query histogram.
19. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, for the sub-query model of the selected sub-query, an additional search phrase score specifying a measure of similarity between interaction rankings of other images responsive to another search phrase and sub-query model rankings of the other images based on the sub-query model; and
determining a global search phrase score for the sub-query model, the global search phrase score being determined based on an aggregate measure of the search phrase score and the additional search phrase score.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the instructions cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
determining that the global search phrase score for the sub-query model meets a global search phrase score threshold;
identifying the sub-query as a global sub-query based on the determination that the global search phrase score meets the global search phrase threshold; and
ranking images for at least one additional search phrase that includes the sub-query and at least one other term.

1. A method comprising the steps of:
(a) advancing a web of paperboard along a first path, the web of paperboard having a width;
(b) advancing a plurality of ribbons of reinforcing material along a second path, the ribbons each having a width less than the width of the web of paperboard;
(c) progressively altering at least one ribbon of the plurality of ribbons of reinforcing material to form a pattern in the at least one ribbon of reinforcing material that enhances adhesion of the at least one altered ribbon to the web of paperboard; the pattern comprising an array of perforations in the at least one altered ribbon of reinforcing material; and
(d) progressively laminating the plurality of ribbons of reinforcing material to the web of paperboard at predetermined locations across the width of the web.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (c) comprises passing the at least one ribbon of reinforcing material between a pair of cylinders.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of ribbons are formed from a single web of reinforcing material.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein after the plurality of ribbons are formed, the plurality of ribbons are separated and move along separate selectively positioned paths.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of ribbons are progressively altered before being laminated to the web of paperboard.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing material is paperboard.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of forming reinforced carton blanks from the web of paperboard and reinforcing material.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein step (c) comprises forming an array of perforations in each of the plurality of ribbons of reinforcing material.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (d) the at least one altered ribbon is laminated to the web by liquid adhesive, the adhesive flowing through at least some of the perforations to form an interlocking bond between the at least one altered ribbon and the adhesive.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the liquid adhesive is applied to the at least one altered ribbon before the altered ribbon is laminated to the web.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the adhesive is applied by nip rollers.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the adhesive is applied by spraying.
13. A method comprising the steps of:
(a) advancing a web of paperboard along a first path, the web of paperboard having a width;
(b) advancing at least one ribbon of reinforcing material along a second path, the at least one ribbon having a width less than the width of the web of paperboard;
(c) progressively altering the at least one ribbon of reinforcing material to form a pattern in the at least one ribbon of reinforcing material that enhances adhesion of the at least one altered ribbon to the web of paperboard; the pattern comprising an array of perforations covering substantially the entire surface of the at least one altered ribbon of reinforcing material; and
(d) progressively laminating the at least one altered ribbon of reinforcing material to the web of paperboard at a predetermined location on the web.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein step (c) comprises passing the at least one ribbon of reinforcing material between a pair of cylinders.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein a plurality of ribbons of reinforcing material are laminated to the web at predetermined locations across the width of the web.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of ribbons are formed from a single web of reinforcing material.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein after the plurality of ribbons are formed, the plurality of ribbons are separated and move along separate selectively positioned paths.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of ribbons are progressively altered before being laminated to the web of paperboard.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein step (c) comprises forming an array of perforations covering substantially the entire surface of each of the plurality of ribbons of reinforcing material.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein the reinforcing material is paperboard.
21. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of forming reinforced carton blanks from the web of paperboard and reinforcing material.
22. The method of claim 13, wherein in step (d) the at least one altered ribbon is laminated to the web by liquid adhesive, the adhesive flowing through at least some of the perforations to form an interlocking bond between the at least one ribbon and the adhesive.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the liquid adhesive is applied to the at least one ribbon before the altered ribbon is laminated to the web.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the adhesive is applied by nip rollers.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein the adhesive is applied by spraying.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A utility knife for holding a cutting blade having at least one retaining notch therein, comprising:
an outer housing having a forward opening;
a blade carriage having a blade-receiving bay; said blade carriage moveable in said housing to move said cutting blade disposed in said bay from a retracted position to a deployed position, said cutting blade extending through said forward opening in said deployed position;
a locking mechanism operative to releasably couple said cutting blade to said carriage; said locking mechanism connected to said carriage for movement therewith relative to said housing; said locking mechanism moveable between a locked position operative to couple said cutting blade to said carriage for movement therewith and an unlocked position wherein said cutting blade can be removed from said carriage; said locking mechanism biased toward said locked position;
said locking mechanism having a protrusion; said protrusion configured to engage the cutting blade’s retaining notch in said locked position and disengage from said retaining notch in said unlocked position; said protrusion having an underside disposed toward the cutting blade when said cutting blade is disposed in said blade-receiving bay; and
a first actuator moveably coupled to said housing and operative to engage with the underside of said protrusion and move said locking mechanism from said locked position to said unlocked position.
2. The utility knife of claim 1 further comprising a second actuator coupled to said carriage for movement therewith, said second actuator biased to an upward position for engaging said housing so as to retain said carriage in a selected horizontal position relative to said housing.
3. The utility knife of claim 1 wherein said first actuator mounts to a sidewall of said housing and moves generally vertically to engage said locking mechanism and move said locking mechanism from said locked position to said unlocked position.
4. The utility knife of claim 3 wherein said blade-receiving bay opens toward said first sidewall.
5. The utility knife of claim 1 wherein the cutting blade can be inserted into said blade-receiving bay via said forward opening.
6. A utility knife, comprising:
an outer housing having first and second lateral sidewalls and a forward opening;
a blade carriage having a blade-receiving bay opening toward said first sidewall; said blade carriage moveable in said housing to move a cutting blade disposed in said bay from a retracted position to a deployed position, said cutting blade extending through said forward opening in said deployed position;
a locking mechanism operative to releasably couple said cutting blade to said carriage; said locking mechanism connected to said carriage for movement therewith relative to said housing; said locking mechanism moveable generally parallel to and generally along the plane of said cutting blade between a locked position operative to couple said cutting blade to said carriage for movement therewith and an unlocked position wherein said cutting blade can be removed from said carriage; said locking mechanism biased toward said locked position; and
a first actuator moveably mounted to said first sidewall of said housing; said first actuator moveable generally parallel to said cutting blade to engage said locking mechanism and move said locking mechanism from said locked position to said unlocked position.
7. The utility knife of claim 6 further comprising a second actuator coupled to said carriage for movement therewith, said second actuator biased to an upward position for engaging said housing so as to retain said carriage in a selected horizontal position relative to said housing.
8. The utility knife of claim 6 wherein said housing further comprises a top and a bottom, said first and second lateral sidewalls extending between said top and said bottom; said sidewalls being longer than said top and said bottom; and wherein a second actuator for controlling movement of said carriage is associated with said top.
9. The utility knife of claim 8 wherein said first actuator is disposed closer to said top than said bottom when said locking mechanism is in said unlocked position.
10. The utility knife of claim 6 wherein the cutting blade can be inserted into said blade-receiving bay via said forward opening.
11. A utility knife, comprising:
an outer housing having a forward opening;
a blade carriage having a blade-receiving bay; said blade carriage moveable in said housing to move a cutting blade disposed in said bay from a retracted position to a deployed position, said cutting blade extending through said forward opening in said deployed position;
a locking mechanism operative to releasably couple said cutting blade to said carriage; said locking mechanism connected to said carriage for movement therewith relative to said housing; said locking mechanism moveable generally parallel to said cutting blade between a locked position operative to couple said cutting blade to said carriage for movement therewith and an unlocked position wherein said culling blade can be removed from said carriage; said looking mechanism biased toward said locked position;
a first actuator moveable a first distance, when aligned with said locking mechanism, to engage said locking mechanism and move said locking mechanism from said locked position to said unlocked position; said first actuator moveable not more than a second distance when not aligned with said locking mechanism, said second distance shorter than said first distance.
12. The utility knife of claim 11 further comprising a second actuator coupled to said carriage for movement therewith, said second actuator biased to an upward position for engaging said housing so as to retain said carriage in a selected horizontal position relative to said housing.
13. The utility knife of claim 11 wherein said housing further comprises a top, a bottom, and first and second lateral sidewalls extending between said top and said bottom; said sidewalls being longer than said top and said bottom; and wherein a second actuator for controlling movement of said carriage is associated with said top.
14. The utility knife of claim 13 wherein said first actuator is disposed closer to said top than said bottom when said locking mechanism is in said unlocked position.
15. The utility knife of claim 11 wherein said first actuator moves generally vertically to engage said locking mechanism and move said locking mechanism from said locked position to said unlocked position.