Author: claimsbot

1. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or any stereoisomer or mixture thereof,
wherein:
R1 is a (C1-C2) alkyl radical;
R2 and R3 are radicals independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and methyl;
R4 is H or OH;
A is a birradical selected from the group consisting of \u2014(CH2)n\u2014 and \u2014(CH2)-phenyl-(CH2)\u2014;
t is an integer from 0 to 1; and
n is an integer from 8 to 15.
2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is methyl, R2 is Cl, t is 0, and R4 is H.
3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A is \u2014(CH2)n\u2014 and n is an integer from 8 to 12.
4. The compound according to claim 3, wherein n is an integer from 8 to 9.
5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A is \u2014(CH2)\u2014 phenyl-(CH2)\u2014.
6. The compound according to claim 1, which is selected from the following list:
(\xb1)-N-{8-(3-chloro-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-7,11-methanocyclooctabquinolin-12-yl)aminooctyl}-9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxamide;
(\xb1)-N-{9-(3-chloro-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-7,11-methanocyclooctabquinolin-12-yl)aminononyl}-9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxamide;
(\u2212)-(7S,11S)\u2014N-{9-(3-chloro-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-7,11-methanocyclooctabquinolin-12-yl)aminononyl}-9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxamide;
(+)-(7R,11R)\u2014N-{9-(3-chloro-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-7,11-methanocyclooctabquinolin-12-yl)aminononyl}-9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxamide;
(\xb1)-N-{10-(3-chloro-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-7,11-methanocyclooctabquinolin-12-yl)aminodecyl}-9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxamide;
(\xb1)-N-{11-(3-chloro-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-7,11-methanocyclooctabquinolin-12-yl)aminoundecyl}-9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxamide; and
(\xb1)-N-{4-{(3-chloro-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-7,11-methanocyclooctabquinolin-12-yl)aminomethyl}benzyl}-9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxamide.
7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a hydrochloride salt.
8. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1, which comprises:
(a) reacting a compound of formula (II), a salt or a reactive derivative thereof,
with a compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof, or any stereoisomer or mixture thereof;
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, A, t, and n are as defined in claim 1, respectively; and,
(b) optionally, converting the compound thus obtained into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt by reacting it with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.
9. The process according to claim 8, further comprising a previous step of submitting a compound of formula (IV) or a salt thereof, or any stereoisomer or mixture thereof,
wherein B is a birradical selected from the group consisting of \u2014(CH2)n-1\u2014 and \u2014(CH2)\u2014 phenyl-, and n, R1, R2, R3, and t are as defined in claim 1, respectively; to a reduction reaction to yield a compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof, or any stereoisomer or mixture thereof.
10. The process according to claim 9, further comprising a previous step of:
(a) reacting a compound of formula (V) or a salt thereof, or any stereoisomer or mixture thereof wherein R1, R2, R3, and t are as defined in claim 1, respectively,
with a compound of formula (VI)
Br\u2014(CH2)n-1\u2014CN\u2003\u2003(VI)
to yield a compound of formula (IV) wherein B is \u2014(CH2)n-1\u2014 and n is as defined in claim 1, respectively; or alternatively,
(a\u2032) with p-cyanobenzaldehyde to yield a compound of formula (IV\u2032e)
and then submitting the compound thus obtained to a reduction reaction to yield a compound of formula (IV) wherein B is \u2014(CH2)-phenyl-.
11. A method of treatment of Alzheimer’s disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1, together with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers in a mammal suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in claim 1, together with appropriate amounts of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers.
13. A compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof, or any stereoisomer or mixture thereof,
wherein:
R1 is a (C1-C2) alkyl radical;
R2 and R3 are radicals independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and methyl;
A is a birradical selected from the group consisting of \u2014(CH2)n\u2014 and \u2014(CH2)-phenyl-(CH2)\u2014;
t is an integer from 0 to 1; and
n is an integer from 8 to 15.
14. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
a compound of formula (IV) or a salt thereof, or any stereoisomer or mixture thereof,
a compound of formula (IV\u2032e),
wherein:
R1 is a (C1-C2) alkyl radical;
R2 and R3 are radicals independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and methyl;
t is an integer from 0 to 1;
B is a birradical selected from the group consisting of \u2014(CH2)n-1\u2014 and \u2014(CH2)-phenyl-, and
n is an integer from 8 to 15.
15. A method according to claim 11 wherein the mammal is a human.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A lighting system, comprising:
first and second light collecting modules, each having a frame which carries a window and an optical fiber which receives light flowing through the window;
wherein the first and second modules include first and second light collecting module housings, respectively, the modules being coupled together so they are repeatably rotatable, as a unit, between first and second positions;
wherein the first and second light collecting module housings carry the corresponding frames.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second light collecting module rotates in response to rotation of the first light collecting module.
3. The system of claim 1, further including a rotation motor operatively coupled to the first light collecting module.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the second light collecting module is coupled to the rotation motor through the first light collecting module.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the windows of the first and second light collecting modules are Fresnel lenses.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second light collecting modules are coupled together with an arm.
7. The system of claim 1, further including a third light collecting module coupled to the second light collecting module, wherein the third light collecting module includes a window and an optical fiber which receives light flowing through the window.
8. A lighting system, comprising:
a first light collecting module having a frame which carries a window, and a plurality of optical fibers which receives light flowing through the window; and
a first window cleaning system carried by the first light collecting module, the first window cleaning system being repeatably moveable relative to the window of the first light collecting module;
wherein the frame is repeatably rotatably relative to the first light collecting module.
9. The system of claim 8, further including a second light collecting module having a window and a plurality of optical fibers which receives light flowing through the window.
10. The system of claim 9, further including a second window cleaning system carried by the second light collecting module, the second window cleaning system being repeatably moveable relative to the window of the second light collecting module.
11. The system of claim 8, further including a rotation motor operatively coupled to the first light collecting module.
12. The system of claim 8, further including a tracking system operatively coupled to the first light collecting module, the first light collecting module being rotated in response to a tracking signal from the tracking system.
13. The system of claim 12, further including a solar power system which powers the first cleaning system andor the tracking system.
14. A lighting system, comprising:
first and second light collecting modules, each having a frame which carries a window and an optical fiber which receives light flowing through the window;
wherein the first and second modules include first and second light collecting module housings, respectively, the modules being coupled together so they are repeatably rotatable, as a unit, between first and second positions;
wherein the first and second light collecting module housings carry the corresponding frames; and
a light emitting fixture operatively coupled to the optical fiber of the first light collecting module, the light emitting fixture including an electrical light positioned proximate to a light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the light emitting fixture emits light from the electrical light andor light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module.
16. The system of claim 14, further including a prism coupled to the light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module emits light from a ceiling which carries the light emitting fixture.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein the light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module emits light from a baffle of the light emitting fixture.
19. The system of claim 14, further including a faceplate assembly, wherein the light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module emits light from the faceplate assembly.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the faceplate assembly includes optically transparent material.
21. The system of claim 1, wherein the second light collecting module housing rotates in response to rotation of the first light collecting module housing.
22. The system of claim 1, further including a rotation motor operatively coupled to the first light collecting module housing.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the second light collecting module housing is coupled to the rotation motor through the first light collecting module housing.
24. The system of claim 1, further including an arm which couples the first and second light collecting module housings together.
25. The system of claim 1, wherein the window of the first light collecting module is carried by the first light collecting module housing.
26. The system of claim 1, wherein the first light collecting module includes a frame which carries the window.
27. The system of claim 8, wherein the first window cleaning system includes a brush.
28. The system of claim 8, wherein the first window cleaning system includes a fluid conduit, and a nozzle directed at the brush.
29. The system of claim 8, wherein the first window cleaning system includes a fluid conduit and nozzle.
30. The system of claim 8, wherein the first light collecting module includes a guide rail.
31. The system of claim 28, wherein the first window cleaning system includes a wheel carried by the guide rail.
32. A lighting system, comprising:
first and second light collecting modules, each having a frame which carries a window and an optical fiber which receives light flowing through the window;
wherein the first and second first and second light collecting modules include first and second light collecting module housings, respectively, the first and second light collecting modules being coupled together so the first and second light collecting module housings are repeatably rotatable, as a unit, between first and second positions; and
a first window cleaning system carried by the first light collecting module housing, the first window cleaning system being repeatably moveable relative to the window of the first light collecting module;
wherein the frame is repeatably rotatably relative to the first light collecting module.
33. The system of claim 32, further including a second window cleaning system carried by the second light collecting module housing, the second window cleaning system being repeatably moveable relative to the window of the second light collecting module.
34. The system of claim 32, further including a solar power system which powers the first cleaning system.
35. The system of claim 32, further including a light emitting fixture operatively coupled to the optical fiber of the first light collecting module, the light emitting fixture including an electrical light positioned proximate to a light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module.
36. The system of claim 35, wherein the light emitting fixture is operatively coupled to the optical fiber of the second light collecting module, the electrical light being positioned proximate to a light emitting end of the optical fiber of the second light collecting module.
37. The system of claim 1, wherein the frame of the first light collecting module is repeatably rotatable relative to the first light collecting module housing.
38. The system of claim 1, wherein the frame includes opposed trunnion pins engaged to the first light collecting module housing.
39. The system of claim 1, further including a movement arm operatively coupled to the frames of the first and second light collecting modules.
40. The system of claim 39, wherein the frames of the first and second light collecting modules rotate in response to the motion of the movement arm.
41. The system of claim 6, wherein the first and second light collecting module housings are spaced apart by the arm.
42. The system of claim 14, wherein the light emitting fixture provides generated light and sunlight from the electrical light and light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module, respectively.
43. The system of claim 14, wherein the light emitting fixture provides generated light.
44. The system of claim 14, wherein the light emitting end of the optical fiber of the first light collecting module provides sunlight which corresponds to the light flowing through the window.
45. The system of claim 24, wherein the first and second light collecting module housings are spaced apart by the arm.
46. A lighting system, comprising:
a first light collecting module which includes
a first light collecting module housing;
a first frame rotatably coupled to the first light collecting module housing;
a first window carried by the first frame;
a first optical fiber which receives light flowing through the first window;

a second light collecting module which includes
a second light collecting module housing;
a second frame rotatably coupled to the second light collecting module housing;
a second window carried by the second frame;
a second optical fiber which receives light flowing through the first window;

a movement arm which operatively couples to the first and second frames together, wherein the first and second frames rotate in response to linear motion of the movement arm; and
a rotation arm operatively coupled to the first and second light collecting module housings, wherein the first and second light collecting module housings are spaced apart by the rotation arm.
47. The system of claim 46, wherein the first frame includes opposed trunnion pins engaged with the first light collecting module housing.
48. The system of claim 46, wherein the pitch of the window is adjustable in response to rotating the first frame.
49. The system of claim 46, wherein the pitch of the window is adjustable in response to the linear motion of the movement arm.

1. A fixing device for fixing bones, the fixing device comprising:
a screw element having a threaded shank and a ball segment-shaped head;
a holder comprising a lower portion and an upper portion for receiving two rods and for receiving the ball segment-shaped head of the screw element therebetween, and
a fastener configured to connect together the upper and lower portions of the holder;
wherein each of the lower portion and the upper portion has a first recess for receiving a first rod therebetween and a second recess for receiving a second rod therebetween;
wherein each of the lower portion and the upper portion has a third recess for receiving the ball segment shaped head therebetween;
wherein each of the lower portion and the upper portion are configured to simultaneously fix the ball segment-shaped head of the screw element between the third recesses and the first and second rods between the first and second recesses, respectively, when the upper and lower portions are fastened together by the fastener.
2. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the upper portion and the lower portion have identical structure.
3. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the lower portion and the upper portion each has a through hole to the third recess for passage of the threaded shank.
4. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second recesses comprise cylinder segment-shaped recesses.
5. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the third recess of the lower portion is between the first and second recesses of the lower portion.
6. The fixing device according to claim 5, wherein the fastener is a threaded fastener and wherein the lower portion has a threaded bore hole between the third recess and the first recess to receive the fastener.
7. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the upper portion has a slot dividing the upper portion into a first half and a second half which are separated by the slot.
8. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower portions have identical structure and are arranged inversely symmetrically to each other to form the holder:
wherein each third recess comprises a through hole near the center comprising a ball segment-shaped recess for receiving the ball segment-shaped head and for passage of the threaded shank or a tool for turning the screw;
each of the upper and lower portions further comprising two threaded bore holes on opposite sides of the through hole for cooperation with fasteners for connecting the two portions;
wherein each of the upper and lower portions comprises two end portions on opposite sides of the through hole; and a cylinder segment-shaped recess on each of the opposite end portions for receiving a rod.
9. The fixing devices according to claim 1 further comprising a second fixing device connected to the fixing device.
10. The fixing device of claim 1 wherein the fastener is a threaded fastener and wherein each of the upper portion and the lower portion has a threaded bore hole to receive the threaded fastener for fastening the upper and lower portions together.
11. The fixing device of claim 10, wherein the first and second recesses of each of the upper and lower portions is a cylinder segment-shaped recess for receiving the rods.
12. The fixing device of claim 11, wherein the third recess of each of the upper and lower portions is a ball segment-shaped portion for receiving the ball segment-shaped head.
13. The fixing device of claim 1, further comprising a second fastener configured to connect together the upper and lower portions of the holder, wherein the fasteners are threaded fasteners and wherein each of the upper and lower portions has first and second threaded bore holes to receive the fasteners, respectively, for fastening the upper and lower portions together.
14. The fixing device of claim 13, wherein the third recess of each of the upper and lower portions is between the first and second threaded bores.
15. The fixing device of claim 14, wherein the first and second threaded bores of each of the upper and lower portions between the first and second recesses.
16. The fixing device of claim 13, wherein the third recess of each of the upper and lower portions is between the first and second recesses.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. An optical semiconductor device having a buried hetero structure, comprising:
a semi-insulating semiconductor block layer;
a carrier trap layer; and
a clad layer and a contact layer, each of which is formed by selective growth;
the carrier trap layer and the semi-insulating block layer having an etched mesa-structure.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
each of the carrier trap layer and the semi-insulating block layer has an etching depth,
the semi-insulating block layer is formed on a substrate, and
the etching depth reaches the semi-insulating block layer, and does not reach the substrate.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the semi-insulating block layer comprises a Fe-doped InP.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the semi-insulating block layer comprises a Ru-doped InP.
5. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the carrier trap layer comprises a Si-doped InP.
6. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the carrier trap layer comprises a Se-doped InP.
7. An optical communication module, comprising:
the optical semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1;
an introducing mechanism which introduces an output light beam from the optical semiconductor device to an external;
an inputting unit which supplies the output light beam to the introducing mechanism; and
an electric interface which drives the optical semiconductor device.
8. An optical communication system, comprising:
a communication unit which includes the optical semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1; and
an optical communication unit which includes a receiving unit for receiving an output light beam from the communication unit.
9. A method of manufacturing an optical semiconductor device which has a buried hetero structure and which includes a semi-insulating semiconductor block layer and a carrier trap layer, comprising the steps of:
partially forming a clad layer and a contact layer by selective growth; and
partially etching the carrier trap layer and the semi-insulating block layer after the selective growth of the clad layer and the contact layer.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
the contact layer is selectively etched at a first etching rate while each of the carrier trap layer and the semi-insulating block layer is selectively etched at a second etching rate, the first etching rate being slower than the second etching rate,
wherein, a contact layer portion being formed by the selective growth so as to be used as an etching mask.
11. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
each of the carrier trap layer and the semi-insulating block layer has an etching depth,
the semi-insulating block layer is formed on a substrate, and
the etching depth reaches the semi-insulating block layer, and does not reach the substrate.
12. A method of manufacturing an optical semiconductor device which has a buried hetero structure and which includes a semi-insulating semiconductor block layer and a carrier trap layer, comprising the steps of:
partially etching the carrier trap layer and the semi-insulating block layer before forming the semi-insulating block layer and the carrier trap layer; and
selectively growing a clad layer and a contact layer after the etching.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein:
each of the carrier trap layer and the semi-insulating block layer has an etching depth,
the semi-insulating block layer is formed on a substrate, and
the etching depth reaches the semi-insulating block layer, and does not reach the substrate.