Author: claimsbot

1. A method, for adjusting a user interface of a device, comprising:
providing a user interface comprising:
a substrate comprising an attachment face and a plurality of support members continuous with the attachment face, each support member including a fluid channel configured to communicate fluid through the support member, the substrate defining a fluid network fluidly coupled to a portion of the fluid channels;
a tactile layer comprising an outer tactile surface and a back surface opposite the tactile surface, the back surface coupled to the attachment face at an undeformable region of the tactile layer, the back surface adjacent to and disconnected from the support members at a plurality of deformable regions of the tactile layer, each deformable region of a thickness at least as great as a width dimension of a corresponding fluid channel, each support member configured to limit inward deformation of a corresponding deformable region due to a force applied to the tactile surface; and
a displacement device configured to displace fluid through the fluid network and toward the back surfaces of a portion of the deformable regions to transition each of the portion of deformable regions from a retracted setting to an expanded setting, each deformable region defining a tactile guidance at the tactile surface in at least one of the retracted and expanded settings;

retrieving a user preference for either of a first characteristic and a second characteristic of the tactile guidance proximal at least one deformable region; and
displacing fluid through the fluid network to transition the tactile guidance to either of the first characteristic and the second characteristic based upon the user preference.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a display coupled to the substrate and transmitting an image through the tactile surface, wherein the image is an input key substantially aligned with at least one deformable region of the tactile layer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein retrieving the user preference includes capturing a user input through the user interface.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising displacing fluid through the fluid network to transition a portion of the deformable regions to the expanded setting, wherein, in the expanded setting, the deformable regions represent keys of a keyboard.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the keyboard is of a type selected from the group consisting of an alphabetical keyboard and a numeric keypad.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein displacing fluid through the fluid network includes:
for the first characteristic, transitioning a first selection of deformable regions from the retracted setting to the expanded setting; and
for the second characteristic, transitioning a second selection of deformable regions from the retracted setting to the expanded setting.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein displacing fluid through the fluid network includes:
for the first characteristic, deforming a deformable region to a first height in the expanded setting; and
for the second characteristic, deforming the deformable region to a second height different than the first height in the expanded setting.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising adjusting fluid pressure within a portion of the fluid channels to adjust the offset of corresponding deformable regions relative to the undeformable region.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein displacing fluid through the fluid network includes:
for the first characteristic, adjusting the firmness of a deformable region to a first firmness; and
for the second characteristic, adjusting the firmness of the deformable region to a second firmness different than the first firmness.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising adjusting fluid pressure within a portion of the fluid channels to adjust the firmness of the deformable region in the expanded setting.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein displacing fluid through the fluid network includes:
for the first characteristic, transitioning a deformable region, from the retracted setting to the expanded setting, at a first rate; and
for the second characteristic, transitioning a deformable region, from the retracted setting to the expanded setting, at a second rate different than the first rate.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein displacing fluid through the fluid network includes:
for the first characteristic, maintaining a deformable region in the expanded setting for a first duration of time; and
for the second characteristic, maintaining a deformable region in the expanded setting for a second duration of time different than the first duration of time.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein displacing fluid through the fluid network includes:
for the first characteristic, transitioning a deformable region from the retracted setting to the expanded setting, after a first time duration, following a particular event; and
for the second characteristic, transitioning the deformable region from the retracted setting to the expanded setting, after a second time duration, following the particular event.
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting an input on the tactile surface proximal at least one deformable region.
15. The method of claim 14, comprising detecting a fluid pressure change in a portion of the fluid network, wherein the pressure change is indicative of a an input on the tactile surface.
16. The method of claim 14, comprising:
receiving a user selection for either of a first sensitivity and a second sensitivity to a user touch on the tactile surface proximal a deformable region; and
adjusting the sensitivity of the tactile guidance to either of the first and the second sensitivities based upon the user selection.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is an electronic device selected from the group consisting of: an automotive console; a desktop computer; a laptop computer; a tablet computer; a television; a radio; a desk phone; a mobile phone; a PDA; a personal navigation device; a personal media player; a camera; a gaming console; a gaming controller; a remote control; and a watch.
18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a user selection for either of a first action and a second action of the device; and
adjusting an action of the device to either of the first action and the second action based upon the user selection.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first action is a feedback mechanism at a first intensity and the second action is the feedback mechanism at a second intensity.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first and second actions are selected from the group consisting of: vibratory feedback, audible feedback, and visual feedback.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cyclopentane carboxylate compound having a general formula (I):
wherein groups R1, R2 and R3, which are identical or different, are independently selected from the group consisting of linear or branched C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkaryl and C7-C20aralkyl.
2. The cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is C1-C8alkyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C4-C9alkylcycloalkyl, C4-C9cycloalkylalkyl, C6-C10aryl, C7-C10alkaryl and C7-C10aralkyl; andor R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C6-C10aryl, C7-C10alkaryl and C7-C10aralkyl.
3. The cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and iso-butyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C5-C7cycloalkylmethyl, C6-C9aryl, C7-C10alkaryl and C7-C10aralkyl; andor R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C4alkyl, C5-C8cycloalkyl, phenyl, p-methylphenyl, o-methylphenyl, m-methylphenyl and benzyl.
4. The cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to claim 3, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl, C5-C8cycloalkyl, C6-C9aryl, benzyl, p-methylbenzyl and phenethyl.
5. The cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to claim 3, wherein R1 is methyl or ethyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, n-hexyl, benzyl, p-methylbenzyl and phenethyl; andor R3 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, p-methylphenyl, o-methylphenyl, rn-methylphenyl and benzyl.
6. The cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of
ethyl 1-benzyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-benzyl-2-p-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-benzyl-2-m-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-benzyl-2-o-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
methyl 1-p-methylbenzyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
methyl 1-p-methylbenzyl-2-p-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
methyl 1-p-methylbenzyl-2-m-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
methyl 1-p-methylbenzyl-2-o-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-butyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-butyl-2-p-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-hexyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-hexyl-2-p-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-hexyl-2-m-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-hexyl-2-o-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-ethyl-2-acetoxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-ethyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-ethyl-2-o-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-propyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-propyl-2-o-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-propyl-2-m-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-propyl-2-p-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-butyl-2-m-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-n-butyl-2-o-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-iso-butyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-iso-butyl-2-o-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate;
ethyl 1-iso-butyl-2-m-methylbenzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate; and
ethyl 1-iso-pentyl-2-benzoyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate.
7. A process for preparing the cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising, in turn, the steps of
1) synthesizing 2-hydrocarbyl-2-hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl-cyclopentanol intermediate having a general formula (II)
wherein groups R1 and R2, which are identical or different, are independently selected from the group consisting of linear or branched C1-C20alkyl, C3-C20cycloalkyl, C6-C20aryl, C7-C20alkaryl and C7-C20aralkylare, by hydrocarbylating 2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate on \u03b1-carbon with a halohydrocarbon R2X in the presence of a base and an aprotic solvent to form 1-hydrocarbyl-2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate, and then selectively reducing the 1-hydrocarbyl-2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate to form 2-hydrocarbyl-2-hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl-cyclopentanol of the formula (II); and
2) synthesizing 1-hydrocarbyl-2-acyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate compound (I) by acylating 2-hydrocarbyl-2-hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl-cyclopentanol of the formula (II) obtained in step 1) with an acyl halide in the presence of a base and an aprotic solvent, to form the corresponding 1-hydrocarbyl-2-acyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate compound of the formula (I); alternatively, by acylating 2-hydrocarbyl-2-hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl-cyclopentanol of the formula (II) with a acid anhydride under acid catalytic action and in the presence of an aprotic solvent, to form corresponding 1-hydrocarbyl-2-acyloxy-cyclopentane carboxylate compound of the formula (I).
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1), the base used is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, hydride of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, carbonates of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and combination thereof; andor the aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran, pentane, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and combination thereof.
9. The process according to claim 8, wherein in the step 1), the aprotic solvent is polar solvent N,N-dimethyl formamide, andor the base is a carbonate of alkali metal.
10. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1), benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride or tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide or combination thereof as phase-transfer catalyst is used when the halohydrocarbon used in the hydrocarbylation on \u03b1-carbon is a branched or cyclic group-containing haloalkane.
11. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), 1-hydrocarbyl-2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate is reduced with a reducing agent, which is selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, zinc borohydride, aluminum alkoxides, and combination thereof, in an alcoholic solvent.
12. The process according to claim 11, wherein the reducing agent and the solvent are respectively sodium borohydride and methanol; or aluminum isopropoxide and isopropanol.
13. The process according to claim 7, wherein the 1-hydrocarbyl-2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate is selectively reduced under conditions of catalytic hydrogenation, with the used catalyst being selected from the group consisting of nickel-containing catalysts, palladium-containing catalysts, Adams’ catalyst, and ruthenium-containing catalysts.
14. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2), the base is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, triethylamine, and combination thereof; andor the aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, pentane, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and combination thereof.
15. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the hydrocarbylation on \u03b1-carbon of the step 1), molar ratio of the 2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate to the halohydrocarbon is in a range of from 1:0.5 to 1:5, andor molar ratio of the 2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate to the base is in a range of from 1:0.5 to 1:5.
16. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the hydrocarbylation on \u03b1-carbon of the step 1), reaction pressure is in a range of from atmosphere pressure to 3 atm, reaction temperature is in a range of from 10 to 190\xb0 C., andor reaction time is in a range of from 1 to 24 hours.
17. The process according to claim 11, wherein in the reduction reaction of the step 1), molar ratio of the 1-hydrocarbyl-2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate to the reducing agent is in a range of from 1:0.5 to 1:2; reaction pressure is in a range of from atmosphere pressure to 3 atm; reaction temperature is in a range of from \u221220 to 100\xb0 C.; andor reaction time is in a range of from 0.1 to 10 hours.
18. The process according to claim 7, wherein the reduction of the step 1) is carried out under conditions of catalytic hydrogenation, wherein reaction pressure is in a range of from 1 to 10 atm; reaction temperature is in a range of from 0 to 200\xb0 C.; reaction time is in a range of from 0.5 to 24 hours; the solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, esters, and combination thereof; andor catalyst is used in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 percent by mole with respect to the reactant 1-hydrocarbyl-2-oxocyclopentane carboxylate.
19. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2), an acyl halide is used as acylating agent, and molar ratio of the acylating agent to the intermediate (II) is in a range of from 1:1 to 15:1; molar ratio of base to the acylating agent is in a range of from 1:1 to 10:1; reaction temeperature is in a range of from \u221220 to 200\xb0 C.; andor reaction pressure is in a range of from atmosphere pressure to 3 atm.
20. A compound having a general formula (II),
wherein R1 is C1-C4alkyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C4-C9alkylcycloalkyl, C4-C9cycloalkylalkyl, C6-C10aryl, C7-C10alkaryl and C7-C10aralkyl, with the proviso that R2 is not one of methyl, propyl and benzyl, useful as intermediates for the synthesis of the cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to claim 1.
20. The compound according to claim 19, which is selected from the group consisting of
2-ethyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopentanol;
2-n-butyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopentanol;
2-n-hexyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopentanol;
2-p-methylbenzyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopentanol;
2-iso-butyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopentanol;
2-n-pentyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopentanol;
2-iso-pentyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopentanol.
21. Use of the cyclopentane carboxylate compound according to claim 1 in the preparation of a catalyst for olefin polymerization.

1. A cable system for minimizing alien crosstalk, comprising:
a first cable and a second cable, each of said first and second cables including:
i) a plurality of twisted pairs, each of the twisted pairs of the plurality of twisted pairs having a lay length; and
ii) a filler comprising a base portion and an extension, said twisted pairs positioned adjacent to said base portion, said extension being located a distance farther from said base portion than said adjacently positioned twisted pairs;

wherein said filler of at least one of said first and second cables is helically twisted such that the lay length of each twisted pair of said plurality of twisted pairs of said at least one of said first and second cables is one of continuously increased and continuously decreased along a predefined length; and
wherein when said first and second cables are positioned adjacent to one another, the lay length of each of said twisted pairs of said first and second cables is different than that of the other twisted pairs at any point of adjacency of said cables.
2. A cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein said base portion of each of said first and second cables includes legs radially extending a length generally equal to the diameter of said twisted pair, said extension being located adjacent to an end of one of said legs.
3. A cable system as recited in claim 2, wherein said extension is integrally formed with said end of said one leg.
4. A cable system for minimizing alien crosstalk, comprising:
a first cable and a second cable, the first and second cables each including:
i) a filler comprising a base portion with radially extending legs, each of said legs having a length generally equal to at least a diameter of a twisted pair selectively positioned adjacent to said filler; and
ii) an extension located adjacent to an end of one of said extending legs, said extension being located radially outward from said one leg a predefined extent, said one leg having a reference point defined as approximately one-half the diameter of said twisted pair; and

wherein said filler of at least one of said first and second cables is helically twisted such that when said first and second cables are positioned adjacent to one another, then an average distance between the reference points of the first and second cables is at least twice that of said predefined extent; and
wherein when said first and second cables are positioned adjacent to one another with points of contact, said helical twisting of said filler causes an air gap between said first and second cables of at least 0.1 times a diameter of at least one of said cables.
5. A cable system as recited in claim 4, wherein said helical twisting of said filler results in helically twisting said twisted pair of said one cable such that a lay length of said twisted pair of said one cable is one of continuously increased and continuously decreased along a predefined length.
6. A cable system as recited in claim 4, wherein said helical twisting of said filler applies a torsional twist rate to said twisted pair, and a lay length of said twisted pair is varied by said torsional twist rate.
7. A cable system as recited in claim 4, wherein said helical twisting of said filler discourages nesting of said first and second cables.
8. A cable system as recited in claim 4, wherein said extension is expanded toward a jacket covering said filler such that an amount of air within said jacket is minimized.
9. A cable system as recited in claim 8, wherein said jacket and said filler generally fix said twisted pair in position.
10. A cable system as recited in claim 4, wherein said extension is integrally formed with said end of said one leg.
11. A cable system for minimizing alien crosstalk, comprising:
a first cable and a second cable, each of the first and second cables including:
i) a plurality of twisted pairs, each of said twisted pairs having an initial predefined lay length;
ii) a filler positioned along said twisted pairs, said filler comprising a base portion with radially extending legs, each of said legs having a length generally equal to at least a diameter of one of said twisted pairs selectively positioned adjacent to said filler; and
iii) an extension located adjacent to an end of one of said extending legs, said extension being located radially outward from said one leg a predefined extent, said one leg having a reference point defined as approximately one-half the diameter of said one of said twisted pairs;
wherein said twisted pairs of each of said first and second cables are helically twisted in one of a continuously increasing twist and a continuously decreasing twist over a predefined length of each of said cables such that when said predefined lengths of said cables are positioned adjacent to one another, then an average distance between the reference points of the cables is at least twice that of said predefined extent, and at any point of adjacency of said cables, the closest twisted pairs between each of said cables have a different lay lengths.
12. A cable system as recited in claim 11, wherein a jacket is applied over said twisted pairs of each of said first and second cables, and wherein a twisting of said jacket causes said helical twisting of said twisted pairs.
13. A cable system as recited in claim 11, wherein said predefined extent is at least one-quarter of the diameter of one of said twisted pairs.
14. A cable system as recited in claim 11, wherein said extension is integrally formed with said end of said one leg.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An injector for liquid medicines comprising:
a cylindrical body having an opening at each end thereof and provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet forming side openings through opposite sides of the cylindrical body, axes of the side openings being substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body, said inlet and said outlet respectively communicating with a lumen of the cylindrical body, said inlet opening at a position closer to the distal end of the cylindrical body than where the fluid outlet opens; and
first and second gaskets fluid-tightly and slidably arranged in the lumen of said cylindrical body and adapted to be moved along an inner wall of said cylindrical body, said first and second gaskets being spaced from one another to form a fluid chamber between them, said fluid chamber being filled with a liquid medicine;
said first gasket being slidable from a first position where the fluid inlet and outlet are communicated with one another, to a distal end of the cylindrical body via a second position where said fluid chamber is prevented from fluid-communication with the fluid inlet but communicating with the fluid outlet to inject the liquid medicine in the fluid chamber through the fluid outlet.
2. The injector according to claim 1, wherein said first gasket has sealing portions adjacent to each end thereof and is provided with a flow path between the sealing portions to allow the fluid inlet of the cylindrical body to communicate with the fluid outlet through the flow path when said first gasket is present at the first position, wherein at least one of the proximal end of first gasket and the distal end of the second gasket is provided with a cylindrical protrusion having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical body so that the first gasket andor second gasket allows the fluid inlet to communicate with the fluid outlet through an annular gap formed between the cylindrical body and the protrusion when the first gasket is moved to the distal end of cylindrical body.
3. The injector according to claim 2, wherein said flow path is a circumferential groove or channel formed between sealing portions.
4. The injector according to claim 2, wherein said flow path is a through-hole formed between sealing portions and passing through the gasket.
5. The injector according to any claim 2, wherein said cylindrical body is provided at a proximal end thereof with a plunger for pushing the second gasket toward the distal end of the cylindrical body.