Author: claimsbot

1. A device (101) for altering the control times of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine, having
a hydraulic actuating device (102), which has two oppositely acting pressure chambers (106, 107),
it being possible for a phase position (\u03c6) of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft to be held or deliberately altered by feeding pressure medium to and discharging pressure medium from the pressure chambers (106, 107),
and having a control valve (103) with two working ports (A, B), an outlet port (T) and an inlet port (P), the first working port (A) being in communication with the first pressure chamber (106), the second working port (B) being in communication with the second pressure chamber (107), and the outlet port (T) being in communication with a tank, and the inlet port (P) being supplied with pressure medium,
the control valve (103) comprising a valve body (114) and an actuating unit (112), it being possible for the control valve (103) to be moved into a plurality of control positions (130, 131, 132, 140) by means of the actuating unit (112),
the working ports (A, B) in each case being in communication either with the outlet port (T), the inlet port (P) or with neither of these two ports, depending on the control position (130, 131, 132, 140) of the control valve (103), characterized in that
in a first control position (140) of the control valve (103), which corresponds to the control position with the actuating unit (112) unactivated, neither the first working port (A) nor the second working port (B) is in communication with the inlet port (P).
2. A device (101) of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic actuating device (102) has at least one locking pin (110, 111) and a slot guide (108, 109) in which the locking pin (110, 111) can engage in at least one position of the hydraulic actuating device (102) so as to be able to fix the phase position (\u03c6) of the camshaft with respect to the crankshaft, and the hydraulic actuating device (102) being locked in a central position when the phase position (\u03c6) is fixed.
3. A device (101) of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic actuating device has two locking pins (110, 111) and two slot guides (108, 109), it being possible for each locking pin (110, 111) to engage in one of the slot guides (108, 109) in at least one position of the hydraulic actuating device (102), the phase position (\u03c6) of the camshaft being fixed with respect to the crankshaft when both locking pins (110, 111) are engaging in the respective slot guide (108, 109), and the hydraulic actuating device (102) being locked in a central position when the phase position (\u03c6) is fixed.
4. A device (101) of claim 1, wherein in the first control position (140), which corresponds to the control position with the actuating unit (112) unactivated, neither working port (A, B) or one working port (A, B) or both working ports (A, B) are connected to the outlet port (T).
5. A device (101) of claim 1, wherein the valve body (114) comprises a hollow valve housing (141) and a control piston (142) arranged displaceably therein, it being possible for the actuating unit (112) to move the control piston (142) within the valve housing (141) into any desired position between two limit stops (149, 150) and to hold it in that position.
6. A device (101) of claim 1, wherein the control valve (103) can be moved into four control positions (130, 131, 132, 140) by means of the actuating unit (112).
7. A device (101) of claim 6, wherein
in a first control position (140) of the control valve (103), which corresponds to the control position with the actuating unit (112) unactivated, the first working port (A) is in communication with the outlet port (T) and the second working port (B) is not in communication either with the outlet port (T) or with the inlet port (P),
in a second control position (130) of the control valve (103) the first working port (A) is in communication with the outlet port (T) and the second working port (B) is in communication with the inlet port (P),
in a third control position (131) of the control valve (103) the first and second working ports (A, B) are in communication neither with the outlet port (T) nor with the inlet port (P),
in a fourth control position (132) of the control valve (103) the second working port (B) is in communication with the outlet port (T) and the first working port (A) is in communication with the inlet port (P).
8. A device (101) of claim 6, wherein
in a first control position (140) of the control valve (103), which corresponds to the control position with the actuating unit (112) unactivated, the first working port (A) is in communication with the outlet port (T) and the second working port (B) is in communication neither with the outlet port (T) nor with the inlet port (P),
in a second control position (130) of the control valve (103) the first working port (A) is in communication with the outlet port (T) and the second working port (B) is in communication with the inlet port (P),
in a third control position (131) of the control valve (103) the first and second working ports (A, B) are in communication with the inlet port (P),
in a fourth control position (132) of the control valve (103) the second working port (B) is in communication with the outlet port (T) and the first working port (A) is in communication with the inlet port (P).
9. A device (101) for altering the control times of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine, having
a hydraulic actuating device (102), which has two oppositely acting pressure chambers (106, 107),
it being possible for a phase position (\u03c6) of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft to be held or deliberately altered by feeding pressure medium to and discharging pressure medium from the pressure chambers (106, 107),
and having a control valve (103) with two working ports (A, B), an outlet port (T) and an inlet port (P), the first working port (A) being in communication with the first pressure chamber (106), the second working port (B) being in communication with the second pressure chamber (107), and the outlet port (T) being in communication with a tank, and the inlet port (P) being supplied with pressure medium,
the control valve (103) comprising a valve body (114) and an actuating unit (112), it being possible for the control valve (103) to be moved into a plurality of control positions (130, 131, 132, 140) by means of the actuating unit (112),
the working ports (A, B) in each case being in communication either with the outlet port (T), the inlet port (P) or with neither of these two ports, depending on the control position (130, 131, 132, 140) of the control valve (103), characterized inthat
the control valve (103) can adopt four control positions (130, 131, 132, 140),
in which case in a first control position (140) of the control valve (103) the volumetric flow from the inlet port (P) to one of the two pressure chambers (106, 107) is equal to zero,
in a second control position (130) of the control valve (103) the volumetric flow from the inlet port (P) to one of the two pressure chambers (106, 107) is greater than zero,
in a third control position (131) of the control valve (103) the volumetric flow from the inlet port (P) to one of the two pressure chambers (106, 107) is approximately zero,
in a fourth control position (132) of the control valve (103) the volumetric flow from the inlet port (P) to one of the two pressure chambers (106, 107) is greater than zero.
10. A device (101) for altering the control times of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine, having
a hydraulic actuating device which has two oppositely acting pressure chambers (106, 107),
it being possible for a phase position (\u03c6) of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft to be held or deliberately altered by feeding pressure medium to and discharging pressure medium from the pressure chambers (106, 107),
and having a control valve (103) with two working ports (A, B), an outlet port (T) and an inlet port (P), the first working port (A) being in communication with the first pressure chamber (106), the second working port (B) being in communication with the second pressure chamber (107), and the outlet port (T) being in communication with a tank, and the inlet port (P) being supplied with pressure medium,
the control valve (103) comprising a valve housing (141), which is of substantially hollow-cylindrical design, and a control piston (142), which is arranged displaceably within the valve housing (141), with a substantially cylindrical outer lateral surface, and an actuating unit (112), it being possible for the actuating unit (112) to move the control piston (142) within the valve housing (141) into any desired position between two limit stops (149, 150) and to hold it in that position,
the working ports (A, B) each being in communication either with the outlet port (T), the inlet port (P) or with neither of these two ports, depending on the position of the control piston (142) relative to the valve housing (141),
the working ports (A, B) and the inlet port (P) being designed as annular grooves (143, 144, 145) which are axially spaced apart from one another in the outer lateral surface of the valve housing (141), the annular grooves (143, 144, 145) being in communication, via first radial openings (146), with the interior of the valve housing (141),
the control piston (142) being provided on its outer lateral surface with a first annular web (151) and a second annular web (152) which is at an axial distance from the first annular web (151), the external diameter of the annual webs (151, 152) being matched to the internal diameter of the valve housing (141),
control edges (153, 154) formed on the first annular web (151) opening or closing a connection between the second working port (B) and the outlet port (T) and inlet port (P) depending on the position of the control piston (142) relative to the valve housing (141),
control edges (155, 156) formed on the second annular web (152) opening or closing a connection between the first working port (A) and the outlet port (T) and inlet port (P) depending on the position of the control piston (142) relative to the valve housing (141), characterized in that
the control piston (142) is provided with a third annular web (158), the external diameter of which is matched to the internal diameter of the valve housing (141),
and the external diameter of the control piston (142) between the annular webs (151, 152, 158) being smaller than the internal diameter of the valve housing (141), the third annular web (158) is designed and arranged on the control piston (142) in such a manner that it blocks the connection between the first working port (A) and the inlet port (B) when the control piston (142) adopts a position which lies between a position which it adopts when the actuating unit (112) is exerting the minimum possible force on it and a position s1, whereas it does not block this connection in any other position of the control piston (142).
11. A device (101) of claim 10, wherein the control valve (103) is in the first control position (140) when a force between the minimum possible force F0 and F1 is exerted by the actuating unit (112) on the control piston (142), in that the control valve (103) is in the second control position (130) when a force between F1 and F2 is exerted by the actuating unit (112) on the control piston (142), in that the control valve (103) is in the third control position (131) when a force between F2 and F3 is exerted by the actuating unit (112) on the control piston (142), in that the control valve (103) is in the fourth control position (132) when a force between F3 and F4 is exerted by the actuating unit (112) on the control piston (142), where F0<F1<F2<F3<F4.
12. A device (101) of claim 10, wherein
the control valve (103) is in the first control position (140) when the control piston (142) has been displaced by a distance between 0 and s1 relative to the position which it adopts when the actuating unit (112) is exerting the minimum possible force on the control piston (142),
the control valve (103) is in the second control position (130) when the control piston (142) has been displaced a distance between s1 and s2 relative to the position which it adopts when the actuating unit (112) is exerting the minimum possible force on the control piston (142),
the control valve (103) is in the third control position (131) when the control piston (142) has been displaced a distance between s2 and s3 relative to the position which it adopts when the actuating unit (112) is exerting the minimum possible force on the control piston (142),
the control valve (103) is in the fourth control position (132) when the control piston (142) has been displaced a distance between s3 and s4 relative to the position which it adopts when the actuating unit (112) is exerting the minimum possible force on the control piston (142), where 0<s1<s2<s3<s4.
13. A device (101) of claim 10, wherein the annular webs (151, 152, 158) are formed integrally with the control piston (142).
14. A device (101) of claim 10, wherein the annular webs (151, 152, 158) are separately produced sleeves and are non-positively, positively or cohesively connected or joined to the control piston (142).
15. A device (101) of claim 10, wherein the control piston (142) is substantially hollow-cylindrical in form.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cross-cut tester comprising:
a handle comprising a receiving cavity;
a plurality of gaskets received in the receiving cavity; and
a plurality of blades received in the receiving cavity;
wherein one end of the handle comprises an opening, and
the gaskets and the blades are arranged one-by-one and are detachably mounted in the receiving cavity.
2. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-cut tester further comprises a position limiting frame received in the receiving cavity, and the position limiting frame is arranged adjacent to the opening.
3. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the position limiting frame comprises a first plate, a second plate, and a third plate; and
the second plate and the third plate are extended along a vertical direction of the first plate.
4. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first plate, the second plate and the third plate are combined to form a front opening and a back opening, and a size of the front opening is smaller than a size of the back opening.
5. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 2, wherein the position limiting frame partly surrounds the blades to prevent a moving of the blades.
6. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein a part of the blades is arranged outside of the handle.
7. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the handle further comprises a first sidewall and a second sidewall; and
the first sidewall and the second sidewall are relatively arranged.
8. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 7, wherein a position of the first sidewall adjacent to the opening defines a screw hole, and a screw can screw into the screw hole.
9. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 7, wherein
a position of the handle away from the opening defines a through hole, and the through hole passes through the first sidewall and the second sidewall; and
the through hole comprises a resisting portion adjacent to the receiving cavity.
10. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 7, wherein
a central position of the handle defines a long-shaped sliding groove, and the sliding groove passes through the first sidewall and the second sidewall; and
the sliding groove comprises a resisting portion adjacent to the receiving cavity.
11. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of each gasket comprises a bevel, and the other end of each gasket defines a fixing hole.
12. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein a central position of each gasket defines a long fixing groove.
13. The cross-cut tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the handle away from the opening defines at least one groove.

1. A system comprising:
an input configured to obtain a communications signal of a channel, where the communications signal includes video information;
a first equalization unit to receive the communications signal and perform a time-invariant equalization, where the first equalization unit is responsive to a time-invariant channel response;
a decision unit responsive to an output of the first equalization unit;
an estimation unit to generate a time-varying channel response, where the estimation unit is responsive to an output of the decision unit; and
a second equalization unit to perform a time-varying equalization, where the second equalization unit is responsive to an output of the estimation unit.
2. The system of claim 1, comprising: an initial response estimator configured to estimate the time-invariant channel response based on one or more pilot signals of the communications signal.
3. The system of claim 2, comprising:
a one-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform unit coupled between the first equalization unit and the communications signal;
a one-dimensional Inverse Fast Fourier Transform unit coupled between the estimation unit and the output of the decision unit; and
a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform unit coupled between the second equalization unit and the output of the estimation unit.
4. The system of claim 2, where the decision unit is a first decision unit, the system comprising:
a second decision unit responsive to an output of the second equalization unit; and
an iteration control to determine whether to perform one or more iterations of time-varying channel response estimation, where the iteration control is responsive to the second decision unit.
5. The system of claim 1, where the communications signal of the channel conforms to a digital video broadcast standard.
6. The system of claim 1, comprising: circuits to receive signals from multiple different sources and to output a television signal to a display.
7. The system of claim 6, comprising a set top box.
8. The system of claim 6, where the circuits comprise high definition television (HDTV) signal processing and control circuits.
9. The system of claim 8, comprising the display.
10. A system comprising:
a source device to transmit a communications signal over a channel;
a receiver configured to obtain the communications signal from the channel and to equalize the communications signal by generating an initial decision signal for the communications signal in a frequency domain, converting the initial decision signal to a time domain, estimating one or more time-varying time-domain channel responses based on the converted initial decision signal, and removing channel effects from the communications signal using the one or more time-varying time-domain channel responses in the frequency domain.
11. The system of claim 10, where the receiver is further configured to equalize the communications signal by estimating a time-invariant channel response based on one or more pilot signals of the communications signal.
12. The system of claim 10, where the receiver is configured to convert the initial decision signal to the time domain using a one-dimensional Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, and the receiver is configured to use the one or more time-varying time-domain channel responses by first converting the one or more time-varying time-domain channel responses to the frequency domain using a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform.
13. The system of claim 10, where the receiver is further configured to equalize the communications signal by generating a second decision signal for the communications signal in the frequency domain, and determine whether to perform one or more iterations of time-varying channel response estimation based on the second decision signal.
14. The system of claim 10, where the communications signal of the channel conforms to a digital video broadcast standard.
15. The system of claim 10, further comprising a high definition television including the receiver.
16. The system of claim 10, further comprising a vehicle including the receiver.
17. The system of claim 10, further comprising a cell phone including the receiver.
18. The system of claim 10, further comprising a set top box including the receiver.
19. The system of claim 10, further comprising a media player including the receiver.
20. The system of claim 10, where the source device transmits an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signal.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A rear structure of a vehicle including a roof trim which is made of a flexible material and disposed on a lower surface of a ceiling part of the vehicle, a rear pillar trim which is made of a synthetic resin harder than the roof trim and disposed so as to cover a rear pillar located in the rear of the vehicle, and a side window glass which is disposed ahead of the rear pillar trim and whose upper end is located outer than the roof trim in a width direction of the vehicle,
the rear structure comprising an air bag device including a curtain member which is fixedly attached to a vehicle body and operable to inflate with a gas pressure supplied upon a predetermined condition to thereby spread over at least an inner surface of the side window glass from a side end of the roof trim and a front surface of the rear pillar,
wherein a roof side trim is provided between a vicinity of an upper end of the side window glass and the roof trim, and a rear end of the roof side trim overlaps with a front upper end of the rear pillar trim with the rear end positioning inner than the front upper end so that the curtain member spreads from an inner end of the roof side trim and a boundary between the rear end of the roof side trim toward a cabin space of the vehicle.
2. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a spreading direction of the curtain member passes an inner portion of the rear end of the roof side trim.
3. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the curtain member is disposed along the overlapping zone of the rear end of the roof side trim and the front upper end of the rear pillar trim.
4. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the front upper end of the rear pillar trim extends, in plan view, obliquely in a rear and outer direction.
5. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 4, wherein an inner side end of the roof side trim overlaps with a side end of the roof trim with the inner side end positioning inner than the side end of the roof trim so that the curtain member spreads from the overlapping zone of the inner side end of the roof side trim and the side end of the roof trim toward a cabin space of the vehicle.
6. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the vehicle further comprises a middle pillar disposed ahead of the rear pillar, and a middle pillar trim covering the middle pillar, and a front end of the roof side trim overlaps with a rear upper end of the middle pillar trim with the front end positioning inner than the rear upper end.
7. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the curtain member includes an expansion portion which expands between the rear pillar and the side window glass when the curtain member spreads.
8. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the roof side trim is provided with a clip member at a vicinity of a rear end of the roof side trim for detachably attaching the roof side trim to the vehicle body.
9. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the clip member is made of a metal material.
10. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the rear pillar trim is mounted to the vehicle in a state that an upper rear section of the rear pillar trim is positionally limited for a thermal expansion while an upper front section of the rear pillar trim is positionally unlimited for a thermal expansion.
11. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the curtain member is disposed along the overlapping zone of the rear end of the roof side trim and the front upper end of the rear pillar trim.
12. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the front upper end of the rear pillar trim extends, in plan view, obliquely in a rear and outer direction.
13. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein an inner side end of the roof side trim overlaps with a side end of the roof trim with the inner side end positioning inner than the side end of the roof trim so that the curtain member spreads from the overlapping zone of the inner side end of the roof side trim and the side end of the roof trim toward a cabin space of the vehicle.
14. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle further comprises a middle pillar disposed ahead of the rear pillar, and a middle pillar trim covering the middle pillar, and a front end of the roof side trim overlaps with a rear upper end of the middle pillar trim with the front end positioning inner than the rear upper end.
15. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the curtain member includes an expansion portion which expands between the rear pillar and the side window glass when the curtain member spreads.
16. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the roof side trim is provided with a clip member at a vicinity of a rear end of the roof side trim for detachably attaching the roof side trim to the vehicle body.
17. The rear structure of the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the rear pillar trim is mounted to the vehicle in a state that an upper rear section of the rear pillar trim is positionally limited for a thermal expansion while an upper front section of the rear pillar trim is positionally unlimited for a thermal expansion.