Author: claimsbot

1. A cyclone unit for separating contaminants from contaminants-laden air drawn through an air inlet port of a dust-collecting receptacle via a suction nozzle of a vacuum cleaner and for discharging air having contaminants separated to an air-discharging pipe, the cyclone unit comprising:
a cylindrical body disposed inside the dust-collecting receptacle;
at least one supporting bracket extending from an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body to an inner circumferential surface of the dust-collecting receptacle to support the cylindrical body and to separate the cylindrical body from the inner circumferential surface of the dust-collecting receptacle; and
an air inlet pipe having one end in fluid communication with the air inlet port of the dust-collecting receptacle and the other end in fluid communication with the cylindrical body in a tangential direction.
2. The cyclone unit of claim 1, wherein the at least one supporting bracket has an end bonded on the inner circumferential surface of the dust-collecting receptacle by thermal fusion bonding.
3. The cyclone unit of claim 1, wherein the air inlet pipe wraps around some outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body to increase the whirling degree of the contaminants-laden air.
4. The cyclone unit of claim 1, further comprising:
a helical guide disposed inside the cylindrical body to whirl the contaminants-laden air entering the cylindrical body through the air inlet pipe and to guide the contaminants-laden air to the air-discharging pipe formed at an upper side of the cylindrical body.
5. The cyclone unit of claim 1, wherein the at least one supporting bracket has a width that is the same dimension as a dimension of an outer diameter of the air inlet pipe.
6. The cyclone unit of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical body further comprises a center shaft disposed at a center thereof for the contaminants-laden air to whirl smoothly therein.
7. A contaminants collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner comprising:
a body having an air inlet through which contaminants-laden air entering via a suction nozzle of the vacuum cleaner can pass, in which contaminants separated from the contaminants-laden air can be collected, and from which clean air can be discharged; and
a cyclone unit comprising:
a cylindrical body disposed inside the body;
at least one supporting bracket extending from an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body to an inner circumferential surface of the body to support the cylindrical body and to separate the cylindrical body from the inner circumferential surface of the body;
an air inlet pipe having one end in fluid communication with the air inlet of the body and the other end in fluid communication with the cylindrical body in a tangential direction; and
a helical guide disposed inside the cylindrical body to whirl the contaminants-laden air entering the cylindrical body through the air inlet pipe and to guide the contaminants-laden air to the air-discharging pipe formed at an upper side of the cylindrical body.
8. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the body further comprises an upper cover opening or closing a top end of the body,
wherein the upper cover is integrally formed with the air-discharging pipe to guide the clean air discharged from the body to the outside.
9. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the body further comprises a lower cover disposed at a bottom end of the body by a hinge connection to open or close the bottom end of the body.
10. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the body is made of transparent material or semitransparent material.
11. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 8, wherein the cyclone unit has a top end that is spaced apart from a bottom end of the upper cover so that contaminants centrifugally separated in the cyclone unit are discharged to the body.
12. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a contaminants discharging pathway formed between an outer circumferential surface of the cyclone unit and an inner circumferential surface of the body and a contaminants collecting chamber formed between a bottom surface of the cyclone unit and a lower cover.
13. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the air-discharging pipe extends downwardly from the upper cover inside the cylindrical body of the cyclone unit.
14. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one supporting bracket has an end that is bonded on the inner circumferential surface of the body by thermal fusion bonding.
15. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one supporting bracket is fixed to the body by at least one screw.
16. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cyclone unit comprises a plurality of supporting brackets,
wherein the width of each of the plurality of supporting brackets is wider than a gap between an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body and an inner circumferential surface of the body so that a side end of each of the plurality of supporting brackets presses the inner circumferential surface of the body to fix the cylindrical body into the body.
17. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 7, wherein the air inlet pipe is in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the body so that the air inlet pipe separates the cylindrical body from the inner circumferential surface of the body and supports the cylindrical body.
18. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 17, wherein the air inlet pipe is bonded on the inner circumferential surface of the body by thermal fusion bonding.
19. The contaminants collecting apparatus of claim 17, the air inlet pipe has an outer diameter that is larger than a gap between an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body and an inner circumferential surface of the body so that the air inlet pipe presses the inner circumferential surface of the body with at least one of the plurality of supporting brackets to fix the cylindrical body into the body.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of selectively forming a barrier region in a contact level via comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate having a silicon layer and a dielectric layer, where a via is formed through the dielectric layer and has a bottom exposing at least a portion of the silicon layer;
depositing a layer of titanium;
processing said titanium to form titanium silicide at said bottom of said via;
removing said titanium and leaving said titanium silicide;
nitriding said titanium silicide, where said nitrided titanium silicide is said barrier region.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said processing step is accomplished using rapid thermal processing.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said nitriding step is performed using a nitrogen plasma.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said nitriding step is performed using rapid thermal processing and an atmosphere containing nitrogen.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said processing step further comprises the step of:
heating said substrate to a temperature of between 600 and 800 degrees C. for a period of approximately 30 seconds.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said layer of titanium is approximately 200 thick.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said removing step is accomplished using a wet etchant.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising a step of fortifying said nitrided titanium silicide by oxygen stuffing.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of metallizing said via to contact said nitrided titanium silicide.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said metallizing step includes depositing aluminum using a deposition process selected from the following: a chemical vapor deposition process, a physical vapor deposition process, or an integrated chemical vapor depositionphysical vapor deposition process.
11. A contact level via formed using a method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate having a silicon layer and a dielectric layer, where a via is formed through the dielectric layer and has a bottom exposing at least a portion of the silicon layer;
depositing a layer of titanium;
processing said titanium to form titanium silicide at said bottom of said via;
removing said titanium and leaving said titanium silicide;
nitriding said titanium silicide, where said nitrided titanium silicide is said barrier region.
12. The contact level via of claim 11 wherein said processing step is accomplished using rapid thermal processing.
13. The contact level via of claim 11 wherein said nitriding step is performed using a nitrogen plasma.
14. The contact level via of claim 11 wherein said nitriding step is performed using rapid thermal processing and an atmosphere containing nitrogen.
15. The contact level via of claim 11 wherein said processing step further comprises the step of:
heating said substrate to a temperature of between 600 and 800 degrees C. for a period of approximately 30 seconds.
16. The contact level via of claim 11 wherein said layer of titanium is approximately 200 thick.
17. The contact level via of claim 11 wherein said removing step is accomplished using a wet etchant.
18. The contact level via of claim 11 further comprising a step of metallizing said via to contact said nitrided titanium silicide.
19. The contact level via of claim 11 further comprising a step of fortifying said nitrided titanium silicide by oxygen stuffing.
20. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of metallizing said barrier region.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein said metallizing step includes depositing aluminum using a deposition process selected from the following: a chemical vapor deposition process, a physical vapor deposition process, or an integrated chemical vapor depositionphysical vapor deposition process.
22. A contact level via comprising:
a substrate having a silicon layer and a dielectric layer, where a via is formed through the dielectric layer having a bottom that exposes at least a portion of the silicon layer; and
a nitrided titanium silicide region formed only at the bottom of the via, where said nitrided titanium silicide layer is a barrier layer.
23. The contact level via of claim 22 further comprising:
a metallization layer formed in said via to contact said nitrided titanium silicide region.
24. The contact level via of claim 22 wherein said nitrided titanium silicide region is oxygen stuffed.
25. A computer system having a memory coupled to a processor, where execution by said processor of a program stored in said memory causes said computer system to control a semiconductor wafer processing system to perform a method of selectively forming a barrier region in a contact level via comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate having a silicon layer and a dielectric layer, where a via is formed through the dielectric layer and has a bottom contacting the silicon layer;
depositing a layer of titanium;
processing said titanium to form titanium silicide at said bottom of said via;
removing said titanium and leaving said titanium silicide;
nitriding said titanium silicide, where said nitrided titanium silicide is said barrier region.
26. The program of claim 25 wherein said processing step is accomplished using rapid thermal processing.
27. The program of claim 25 wherein said nitriding step is performed using a nitrogen plasma.
28. The program of claim 25 wherein said nitriding step is performed using rapid thermal processing and an atmosphere containing nitrogen.
29. The program of claim 25 wherein said processing step further comprises the step of:
heating said substrate to a temperature of between 600 and 800 degrees C. for a period of approximately 30 seconds.
30. The program of claim 25 wherein said layer of titanium is approximately 200 thick.
31. The program of claim 25 wherein said removing step is accomplished using a wet etchant.
32. The program of claim 25 further comprising the step of metallizing said via to contact said nitrided titanium silicide.
33. The program of claim 25 further comprising the step of fortifying said nitrided titanium silicide by oxygen stuffing.
34. The program of claim 25 further comprising the step of metallizing said barrier region.
35. The program of claim 34 wherein said metallizing step includes depositing aluminum using a deposition process selected from the following: a chemical vapor deposition process, a physical vapor deposition process, or an integrated chemical vapor depositionphysical vapor deposition process.

1. A method for operating with
a first device, the first device being mobile;
a second device, the second device being mobile;
a long range base station following a first long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a first spectrum, the first spectrum being licensed by a government;
a first short range base station following the first long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in the first spectrum;
a second short range base station following a short range protocol, conveying user data only via electromagnetic frequencies in a spectrum not requiring a license by the government,
the long range base station transmitting a signal identifying the first short range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the long range base station to the short range base station,
the method comprising:
receiving a first message from a first mobile device via the first short range base station;
responsive to the first message, reading instructions in a first address space from a memory;
executing the instructions, read in the previous step, in order to authenticate the first mobile device;
responsive to successful authentication in the previous step, associating an IP address with the first mobile device;
receiving a second message from a second mobile device via the second short range base station;
responsive to the second message, reading instructions in a second address space in the memory;
executing the instructions, read in the previous step, in order to authenticate the second mobile device; and
responsive to successful authentication in the previous step, associating an IP address with the second mobile device,
wherein the method does not cause the first short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the second short range base station, and the method does not cause the second short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the first short range base station.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising causing the first short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the long range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the first short range base station to the long range base station.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the long range base station is connected to a core network of a telecommunications operator, and the method operates with
a data path that bypasses the core network, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a message from the first device;
comparing a content of the message to a content of the memory; and
subsequently, sending Internet traffic from the first device and to the first device, by conditionally using the data path depending on a result of the comparing step.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first short range station is inside of a building, the second short range base station is inside of the building, and steps of the method are performed inside of the building.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the method operates with a third short range base station following a second long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a second spectrum, the second spectrum being licensed by a government;
a second long range base station following a second long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a second spectrum, wherein the method further comprises causing the second short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the second long range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the second short range base station to the second long range base station.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first short range station is inside of a building, the second short range base station is inside of the building, the third short range base station is inside of the building, and the steps of the method are performed inside of the building.
7. A system configured to operate with
a first device, the first device being mobile;
a second device, the second device being mobile;
a long range base station following a first long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a first spectrum, the first spectrum being licensed by a government;
a first short range base station following the first long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in the first spectrum;
a second short range base station following a short range protocol, conveying user data only via electromagnetic frequencies in a spectrum not requiring a license by the government,
the long range base station transmitting a signal identifying the first short range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the long range base station to the short range base station,
the system comprising:
a memory; and
a processor configured to perform steps of:
receiving a first message from a first mobile device via the first short range base station;
responsive to the first message, reading instructions in a first address space from the memory;
executing the instructions, read in the previous step, in order to authenticate the first mobile device;
responsive to successful authentication in the previous step, associating an IP address with the first mobile device;
receiving a second message from a second mobile device via the second short range base station;
responsive to the second message, reading instructions in a second address space in the memory;
executing the instructions, read in the previous step, in order to authenticate the second mobile device; and
responsive to successful authentication in the previous step, associating an IP address with the second mobile device,

wherein the system is not configured to cause the first short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the second short range base station, and the system is not configured to cause the second short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the first short range base station.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the system is configured to cause the first short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the long range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the first short range base station to the long range base station.
9. A system according to claim 7, wherein the long range base station is connected to a core network of a telecommunications operator, and the system is configured to operate with
a data path that bypasses the core network, wherein the processor is also configured to perform steps of:
receiving a message from the first device;
comparing a content of the message to a content of the memory; and
subsequently, sending Internet traffic from the first device and to the first device, by conditionally using the data path depending on a result of the comparing step.
10. The system of claim 7 wherein the first short range base station includes
a power source;
a final RF stage, responsive to the power source; and
an antenna, responsive to the final RF stage, wherein the power source transmits no more than 100 milliwatts of DC input power to the final RF stage, and
wherein the second short range base station includes
a power source;
a final RF stage, responsive to the power source; and
an antenna, responsive to the final RF stage, wherein the power source transmits no more than 100 milliwatts of DC input power to the final RF stage.
11. The system of claim 7 wherein the first short range station is inside of a building, the second short range base station is inside of the building, and the system is inside of the building.
12. The system of claim 7 further including a third short range base station following a second long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a second spectrum, the second spectrum being licensed by a government;
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the system is configured to operate with a second long range base station following a second long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a second spectrum, wherein the system is configured to cause the second short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the second long range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the second short range base station to the second long range base station.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein the first short range station is inside of a building, the second short range base station is inside of the building, the third short range base station is inside of the building, and the system is inside of the building.
15. A system configured to operate with
a first device, the first device being mobile;
a second device, the second device being mobile;
a long range base station following a first long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a first spectrum, the first spectrum being licensed by a government;
a first short range base station following the first long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in the first spectrum;
a second short range base station following a short range protocol, conveying user data only via electromagnetic frequencies in a spectrum not requiring a license by the government,
the long range base station transmitting a signal identifying the first short range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the long range base station to the short range base station,
the system comprising:
means for receiving a first message from a first mobile device via the first short range base station;
means, responsive to the first message, for reading instructions in a first address space from a memory;
means for executing the instructions, read by the previous means, in order to authenticate the first mobile device;
means, responsive to successful authentication by the previous means, for associating an IP address with the first mobile device;
means for receiving a second message from a second mobile device via the second short range base station;
means, responsive to the second message, for reading instructions in a second address space in the memory;
means for executing the instructions, read by the previous means, in order to authenticate the second mobile device; and
means for responsive to successful authentication by the previous means, associating an IP address with the second mobile device,
wherein the system is not configured to cause the first short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the second short range base station, and the system is not configured to cause the second short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the first short range base station.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the system is configured to cause the first short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the long range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the first short range base station to the long range base station.
17. A system according to claim 15, wherein the long range base station is connected to a core network of a telecommunications operator, and the system is configured to operate with
a data path that bypasses the core network, wherein the processor is also configured to perform steps of:
receiving a message from the first device;
comparing a content of the message to a content of the memory; and
subsequently, sending Internet traffic from the first device and to the first device, by conditionally using the data path depending on a result of the comparing step.
18. The system of claim 15 wherein the first short range base station includes
a power source;
a final RF stage, responsive to the power source; and
an antenna, responsive to the final RF stage, wherein the power source transmits no more than 100 milliwatts of DC input power to the final RF stage, and
wherein the second short range base station includes
a power source;
a final RF stage, responsive to the power source; and
an antenna, responsive to the final RF stage, wherein the power source transmits no more than 100 milliwatts of DC input power to the final RF stage.
19. The system of claim 15 wherein the first short range station is inside of a building, the second short range base station is inside of the building, and the system is inside of the building.
20. The system of claim 15 further including a third short range base station following a second long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a second spectrum, the second spectrum being licensed by a government;
21. The system of claim 20 wherein the system is configured to operate with a second long range base station following a second long range protocol, conveying user data via electromagnetic frequencies in a second spectrum,
wherein the system is configured to cause the second short range base station to transmit a signal identifying the second long range base station, thereby enabling handover of a mobile device from the second short range base station to the second long range base station.
22. The system of claim 15 wherein the first short range station is inside of a building, the second short range base station is inside of the building, the third short range base station is inside of the building, and the system is inside of the building.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit (1) for applications in the fields of radiation and illuminating engineering, in particular for applications in the field of projection, comprising:
a reflector (2) with a reflector neck (16),
a high-pressure discharge lamp (1) arranged on the axis of the reflector (2) and having a lamp bulb (8) and two lamp shanks (9, 10) which are arranged at the two opposite ends of the lamp bulb (8) and into which electrode systems (13, 14) are sealed in a gastight fashion via metal foils (11, 12), one lamp shank (9) being fastened in the reflector neck (16),
a first base part (4) made from a non-conducting material and connected to the reflector neck (16),
a second base part (5), arranged in front of the radiationlight exit opening of the reflector (2) and in the form of a mechanical auxiliary part made from non-conducting material,
supply leads (17, 18), of which one end is electrically connected to the metal foils (11, 12) in the lamp shanks (9, 10), and the other end is guided directly or via a connecting line to the first base part (4) or second base part (5), and
high-voltage cables (6, 7) for connecting the high-pressure discharge lamp (3) to a starting device and ballast, which are electrically connected to the supply leads (17),
characterized in that the end of the second supply lead (18), led to the second base part (5), or the end of the connecting line is electrically connected directly to the end of the corresponding second high-voltage cable (7),
and this free connecting region is embedded in the second base part (5).
2. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the end of the second supply lead (18) or connecting line led to the second base part (5) is directly soldered or welded to the end of the second high-voltage cable (7).
3. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the end of the second high-voltage cable (7) is embedded in a bore (21) in the edge of the second base part (5).
4. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that on the edge the second base part (5) has, in the region of the bore (21), a cylindrical appendage (19) for lengthening the bore (21).
5. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the bore (21) runs parallel to the high-pressure discharge lamp axis in the edge of the second base part (5).
6. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the high-voltage cable (7) is fixed in the bore in the edge of the second base part (5) by means of a screw made from insulating material.
7. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the bore (21) in the edge of the second base part (5) is less than or equal to the diameter of the insulated part of the high-voltage cable (7).
8. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the end of the second supply lead (18), led to the second base part (5), or the end of the connecting line in the region of the second base part (5) is guided in a shockproof groove (25).
9. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claims 3 and 8, characterized in that the cylindrical appendage (19) on the edge of the second base part (5) has a slot (22) which runs parallel to the bore (21) and reaches up to the groove (25).
10. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second base part (5) has a first aperture on the side facing the radiationlight exit opening of the reflector (2).
11. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second base part (5) has a second aperture on the side averted from the radiationlight exit opening of the reflector (2).
12. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second base part (5) is permanently connected to the edge of the reflector (2).
13. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second aperture fitted on the second base part (5) is sealed by a face-plate transparent to radiation and light.
14. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second base part (5) has one or more lateral ventilation openings (20).
15. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that reference points and threaded holders for the installation of the reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit permanently in an aligned fashion are fitted on the second base part (5).
16. The reflector high-pressure discharge lamp unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that both base parts (4, 5) consist of a high-temperature plastic.