Author: claimsbot

1. A fuel injection device comprising:
an injector that injects fuel into a cylinder of an engine;
a fuel injection amount obtaining unit that obtains a fuel injection amount of fuel injected by the injector;
a heat generation amount obtaining unit that obtains a heat generation amount of the fuel injected by the injector and ignited; and
a control unit that determines that injector abnormality occurs, when determining that a difference between a fuel injection amount obtained by the fuel injection amount obtaining unit and a reference fuel injection amount is within a predetermined range and that a heat generation amount obtained by the heat generation amount obtaining unit is greater than a reference heat generation amount corresponding to the reference fuel injection amount.
2. The fuel injection device of claim 1, wherein the control unit determines whether or not the injector abnormality occurs by comparing a fuel injection amount of pilot injection with the reference fuel injection amount and by comparing a heat generation amount of the pilot injection with the reference heat generation amount.
3. The fuel injection device of claim 1, wherein the control unit determines whether or not the injector abnormality occurs by comparing a heating amount, of single-shot injection of the single-shot fuel injection performed in performing fuel cut control, with the reference heat generation amount.
4. The fuel injection device of claim 1, wherein the heat generation amount obtaining unit obtains a heat generation amount of the ignited fuel based on an in-cylinder pressure.
5. The fuel injection device of claim 1, wherein the heat generation amount obtaining unit obtains a heat generation amount of the ignited fuel based on a pressure change in fuel introduced to the injector.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A brushless rotary motor comprising:
a rotor having a rotor axis and a magnet assembly that includes a plurality of permanent magnets that are held together such that same magnetic poles contact one another; and
a stator including magnetic coils encircling the rotor, the rotor and the stator being changeable in position relative to one another;
wherein each of the plurality of permanent magnets is a crescent-shaped magnet that is magnetized in a circular direction on a plane vertical to the rotor axis,
the magnet assembly is held at its upper and lower parts and outside perimeter by magnetic yokes such that the plurality of crescent-shaped magnets make a ring shape while the same magnetic poles contact one another,
the magnet assembly generates a strongest magnetic field along a magnetic field direction lying in multiple radial directions along each homopolar contact plane at which the same magnetic poles contact one another,
the magnetic coils are positioned so that current flows in a direction intersecting the magnetic field direction, and
the magnetic coils include a plurality of A phase coils and a plurality of B phase coils, a selected one of the A and B phase coils is located inside the ring shaped magnetic assembly, and the other of the A and B phase coils is located outside the ring shaped magnetic assembly.
2. A robot comprising the brushless rotary motor according to claim 1.
3. A moving body comprising the brushless rotary motor according to claim 1.

1. A reflector, comprising:
an attachment mechanism connecting to a mounting point on an object or surface;
a reflecting surface that is reflective to millimeter-wave (mmWave) radiation; and
an adjustable pivot connected between the attachment mechanism and the reflecting surface configured to permit directional positioning of the reflecting surface relative to the attachment mechanism such that a non-line-of-sight connection between an mmWave transmitter and an mmWave receiver is formed.
2. The reflector of claim 1, further comprising:
a signal strength detector configured to measure the intensity of mmWave radiation at the reflector; and
an indicator connected to the signal strength detector configured to activate when signal has been detected.
3. The reflector of claim 2, wherein the signal strength detector and the indicator are disposed within the reflecting surface and wherein the reflecting surface has apertures associated with the signal strength detector and the indicator.
4. The reflector of claim 2, wherein the indicator comprises a light emitting diode.
5. The reflector of claim 2, wherein the indicator comprises a speaker.
6. The reflector of claim 2, wherein the indicator is activated when signal strength exceeds a threshold value.
7. The reflector of claim 2, wherein the indicator is configured to activate in a pattern that corresponds to signal strength.
8. The reflector of claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface has a convex shape.
9. The reflector of claim 1, further comprising a low-frequency broadcast device configured to broadcast signal information.
10. The reflector of claim 1, wherein the adjustable pivot comprises an elbow joint.
11. The reflector of claim 1, wherein the adjustable pivot comprises a ball-and-socket joint.
12. The reflect of claim 1, wherein the adjustable pivot comprises a motor configured to change the directional position of the reflecting surface relative to the attachment mechanism.
13. A communication system, comprising:
a millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmitter unit having beam-steering capability;
an mmWave receiver unit having beam-steering capability; and
a reflecting unit disposed in a position having a line-of-sight path to the transmitter unit and the receiver unit, comprising:
a flexible mount for positioning a reflective surface to form a non-line-of-sight path between the transmitter unit and the receiver unit; and
a signal strength detector configured to detect mmWave radiation.
14. The communication system of claim 13, wherein the mmWave transmitter unit and the mmWave receiver unit are located in or on different buildings.
15. The communication system of claim 13, wherein the mmWave transmitter unit and the mmWave receiver unit are located less than ten meters apart.
16. The communication system of claim 13, wherein the reflecting unit further comprises a low-frequency broadcast device configured to broadcast signal information.
17. A method for establishing a non-line-of-sight connection comprising:
providing a reflector having a flexible mount at a location in a line-of-sight path from both a transmitter unit and a receiver unit;
adjusting the transmitter unit to steer a beam toward a reflector unit;
adjusting the receiver unit to steer a receiving pattern toward a reflector unit; and
if the receiver unit cannot form a connection with the transmitter unit through the reflector, adjusting the flexible mount of the reflector into a direction that forms a non-line-of-sight path between the transmitter unit and the receiver unit.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the adjusting is automatically performed by adjustment mechanisms within the reflector.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the reflector includes a convex reflecting surface.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting the transmitter unit includes iteratively testing transmitter beam positions until a received signal strength at the reflector exceeds a threshold.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting the receiver unit includes iteratively testing receiving pattern positions until a received signal strength at the receiver unit exceeds a threshold.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting the transmitter unit and adjusting the receiver unit is repeated after adjusting the flexible mount of the reflector.
23. The method of claim 17, further comprising communicating a link status between the transmitter unit and the reflector to trigger adjusting the receiver unit.
24. A computer readable storage medium comprising a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program when executed on a computer causes the computer to:
adjust a transmitter unit to steer a beam toward a reflector unit that is at a location in a line-of-sight path from both the transmitter unit and the receiver unit;
adjust a receiver unit to steer a receiving pattern toward the reflector unit; and
if the receiver unit cannot form a connection with the transmitter unit through the reflector, adjust a flexible mount of the reflector into a direction that forms a non-line-of-sight path between the transmitter unit and the receiver unit.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. (canceled)
2. A method comprising:
contacting an NOx exhaust with an upstream catalyst material coated onto a substrate and including copper or iron loaded in a first zeolite at an upstream loading of 0 to 3.5 gl to convert the NOx exhaust in a first temperature range of 150\xb0 C. to 500\xb0 C. to a first NOx converted exhaust; and
contacting the first NOx converted exhaust with a downstream catalyst material coated onto the substrate downstream of the upstream catalyst material and including copper or iron loaded in a second zeolite at a downstream loading of 1.5 to 9.5 gl to convert the first NOx converted exhaust in a second temperature range of 450\xb0 C. to 700\xb0 C.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising contacting the NOx exhaust with an oxidation catalyst prior to the first contacting step.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the substrate includes a plurality of flow channels.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the upstream and downstream catalyst materials is copper.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second base metals are iron.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second zeolites is an alkaline earth metal exchanged zeolite.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second zeolites is a precious metal exchanged zeolite.
9. A method comprising:
coating an upstream substrate with an upstream catalyst material including copper at an upstream loading; and
coating a downstream substrate with a downstream catalyst material including copper at a downstream loading, the upstream and downstream copper loadings are substantially uniform and the upstream and downstream catalyst materials have an increasing coating thickness in an exhaust flow direction.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the upstream catalyst material has a NOx conversion activity at a first temperature and the downstream catalyst material has a NOx conversion activity at a second temperature less than the first temperature.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising forming the upstream and downstream substrates as a monolith.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the monolith is a ceramic material.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the monolith is a metallic material.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the monolith includes a plurality of flow channels.
15. A method comprising:
coating an upstream substrate with an upstream catalyst material including copper at an upstream loading; and
coating a downstream substrate with a downstream catalyst material including copper at a downstream loading, the upstream and downstream copper loadings are substantially uniform and the upstream and downstream catalyst materials have an increasing coating thickness in an exhaust flow direction, and one of the upstream and the downstream substrates is a wall flow ceramic substrate.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein both of the upstream and downstream substrates are wall flow ceramic substrates.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming the upstream and downstream substrates as a monolith.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the monolith includes a plurality of flow channels.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the upstream catalyst material has a NOx conversion activity at a first temperature and the downstream catalyst material has a NOx conversion activity at a second temperature less than the first temperature.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the wall flow ceramic substrate includes cordierite.
21. The method of claim 15, wherein the wall flow ceramic substrate includes mullite.