Author: claimsbot

1. An immunogenic composition comprising (a) a first antigen, (b) at least two adjuvants, wherein a first adjuvant comprises poly(lactide) polymer andor poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer, wherein a second adjuvant comprises an imidazoquinoline, wherein said second adjuvant is co-lyophilized with said first adjuvant and wherein the first antigen is co-lyophilized with said first adjuvant, and (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein said composition elicits a cellular immune response when administered to a vertebrate subject.
2. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 wherein said first antigen is in the form of a particle.
3. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 wherein said first antigen is a nucleic acid molecule.
4. The immunogenic composition of claim 3 wherein said nucleic acid molecule is DNA or RNA.
5. The immunogenic composition of claim 3 wherein said nucleic acid molecule is linked to a regulatory sequence which controls expression of said nucleic acid molecule.
6. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 wherein said first antigen is a protein.
7. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 further comprising at least a second pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
8. The immunogenic composition of claim 6 wherein said protein is selected from the group consisting of a viral, fungal, bacterial, avian and mammalian protein.
9. The immunogenic composition of claim 8 wherein the viral protein is a herpes simplex virus type 2, hepatitis C virus (HCV), meningococcal antigen, or a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein.
10. The immunogenic composition of claim 9 wherein said HCV protein is E1E2 polypeptide.
11. The immunogenic composition of claim 9 wherein said meningococcal antigen is a MenB protein from ORFs 287 andor 961 of MenB.
12. The immunogenic composition of claim 8 wherein the protein is ovalbumin, HSVgB2, gp120, p55gag, or combinations thereof.
13. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 wherein at least one adjuvant is present in an amount from about 0.01% to about 2% wv.
14. The immunogenic composition of claim 13 wherein at least one adjuvant is present in an amount from about 0.06% to about 1% wv.
15. The immunogenic composition of claim 14 wherein at least one adjuvant is present an amount from about 0.1% to about 0.6% wv.
16. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises R-848.
17. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 comprising a further adjuvant comprising MF59.
18. The immunogenic composition of claim 16 comprising a further adjuvant.
19. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 comprising a further adjuvant.
20. The immunogenic composition of any one of claims 18 or 19 wherein the further adjuvant comprises aluminum salts, MF59, SAF, an adjuvant system comprising squalene and one or more bacterial cell wall components, saponin adjuvants, Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA), Incomplete Freunds Adjuvant (IFA), one or more cytokines, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), VEGF, CD27, CD30, CD40, Fas Ligand, Placenta Growth Factor, detoxified mutants of a bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxin, CpG adjuvants, PT-K9G129, or combinations thereof.
21. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 further comprising a second antigen distinct from the first antigen.
22. The immunogenic composition of claim 21 wherein the second antigen is a soluble or neutralizing antigen.
23. The immunogenic composition of claim 21 wherein said second antigen is a protein or a nucleic acid molecule.
24. The immunogenic composition of claim 21 wherein the second antigen is conjugated to an adjuvant.
25. The immunogenic composition of claim 21 wherein the second antigen is associated with a carrier.
26. The immunogenic composition of claim 24 wherein the carrier is a protein, polysaccharide, a polylactic acid, a polyglycolic acid, a polymeric amino acid, an amino acid copolymer, a lipid aggregate, a polymeric particulate carrier, or an inactive virus particle.
27. The immunogenic composition of claim 26 wherein the polymeric particulate carrier comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of a poly(\u03b1-hydroxy acid), a polyhydroxy butyric acid, a polycaprolactone, a polyorthoester, and a polyanhydride.
28. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 wherein the first antigen is a stabilized antigen particle produced by a process comprising the steps of:
(a) adding a precipitation agent to an aqueous solution of an antigen and stirring the resulting mixture to form an antigen particle;
(b) stabilizing the antigen particle by a stabilizing treatment; and
(c) recovering the stabilized antigen particle from the aqueous solution.
29. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein said first antigen is a protein or a nucleic acid molecule.
30. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein said imidazoquinoline is R-848.
31. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the immunogenic composition further comprises MF59.
32. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 further comprising a second pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
33. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the aqueous solution in step (a) further comprises an acid.
34. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the process comprises a solvent evaporation technique.
35. The immunogenic composition of claim 33 wherein the acid is one or more of acetic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydrochloric acid or lactic acid.
36. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the precipitation agent comprises one or more of oils, hydrocarbons or coacervation agents.
37. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the stabilizing treatment comprises one or more of heat treatment or treatment with a chemical cross-linking agent.
38. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the stabilized antigen particle elicits a cellular immune response in a vertebrate subject and is formed from a protein selected from the group consisting of a tumor, a viral, a fungal, a bacterial, an avian and a mammalian protein.
39. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the vertebrate subject is a human.
40. The immunogenic composition of claim 38 wherein the protein is a herpes simplex virus type 2 protein, hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, an influenza A virus protein, or a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein, or an immunogenic fragment of a herpes simplex virus type 2 protein, a hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, an influenza A virus protein, or a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein, or combinations thereof.
41. The immunogenic composition of claim 40 wherein the protein is E1E2 polypeptide, HSVgB2, gp120, p55gag, MenB protein from ORFs 287 andor 961, immunogenic fragments of E1E2 polypeptide, HSVgB2 or gp120, p55gag, MenB protein from ORFs 287 andor 961, or combinations thereof.
42. The immunogenic composition of claim 38 wherein the bacterial protein is pertussis protein, a diphtheria protein, a meningitis protein, a H. pylori protein, a H. influenza B protein, or a tetanus protein, immunogenic fragments of a pertussis protein, a diphtheria protein, a meningitis protein, a H. pylori protein, a H. influenza B protein, or a tetanus protein, or combinations thereof.
43. The immunogenic composition of claim 38 wherein the cellular immune response is a cytotoxic-T lymphocyte (CTL) response.
44. The immunogenic composition of claim 2 or claim 28 wherein the immunogenic composition further comprises a second antigen.
45. The immunogenic composition of any one of claims 9 or 40 wherein the HCV antigen is HCV core protein, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, or NS5, or an immunogenic fragment of HCV core protein, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, or NS5, or combinations thereof.
46. The immunogenic composition of any one of claims 9 or 40 wherein the HIV protein is gp120, gp160, gp41, p24gag or p55gag, or a fragment of gp120, gp160, gp41, p24gag or p55gag, or combinations thereof.
47. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the stabilized antigen particle is generally spherical.
48. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the stabilized antigen particle has a diameter from about 200 nanometers to about 10 microns.
49. The immunogenic composition of claim 28 wherein the stabilized antigen particle has a diameter ranging from about 500 nanometers to about 5 microns.
50. A method for eliciting a cytotoxic-T lymphocyte (CTL) response in a vertebrate subject comprising administering to the vertebrate subject an immunogenic composition of any one of claims 28 or 1.
51. The method of claim 50 wherein the vertebrate subject is a human.
52. The method of claim 50 wherein the immunogenic composition is co-administered to the subject prior or subsequent to, or concurrent with, a further adjuvant andor a second antigen.
53. A method of eliciting an immune response in a vertebrate subject comprising administering to the vertebrate subject a effective amount of the immunogenic composition according to any one of claims 28 or 1.
54. The method of claim 52 wherein the vertebrate subject is a human.
55. The method of claim 50 wherein the immunogenic composition is administered by a route of intramuscular, intratracheal, intranasal, transdermal, intradermal, subcutaneous, intraocular, vaginal, rectal, intraperitoneal, intraintestinal or inhalation administration.
56. The method of claim 52 wherein the immunogenic composition is administered by a route of intramuscular, intratracheal, intranasal, transdermal, intradermal, subcutaneous, intraocular, vaginal, rectal, intraperitoneal, intraintestinal or inhalation administration.
57. The method of claim 50 wherein the immunogenic composition is delivered by a device selected from the group consisting of a particle accelerator, a pump, an intradermal applicator, a biolistic injector, a pneumatic injector, a sponge depot, a pill, and a tablet.
58. The method of claim 52 wherein the immunogenic composition is delivered by a device selected from the group consisting of a particle accelerator, a pump, an intradermal applicator, a biolistic injector, a pneumatic injector, a sponge depot, a pill, and a tablet.
59. The method of claim 50 wherein the immunogenic composition is delivered by needle-free injection.
60. The method of claim 52 wherein the immunogenic composition is delivered by needle-free injection.
61. An injectable vaccine composition comprising an immunogenic composition of any one of claims 28 or 1.
62. The injectable vaccine of claim 61 wherein the vaccine is administered by via intramuscular injection.
63. The injectable vaccine of claim 61 wherein the vaccine is administered via a needle-free injection device.
64. A method of eliciting an antibody-mediated immune response in an individual comprising administering the immunogenic composition of any one of claims 28 or 1 to said individual.
65. The immunogenic composition of claim 1 wherein the first antigen is is stabilized antigen particle produced by a process comprising:
(a) combining a precipitation agent with an aqueous solution comprising an antigen;
(b) dispersing the resultant mixture to form antigen particles;
(c) stabilizing the dispersed antigen particles by a stabilizing treatment; and
(d) recovering the stabilized antigen particles.
66. The immunogenic composition claim 65 wherein said antigen is a protein or a nucleic acid molecule.
67. The immunogenic composition of claim 65 wherein the process further comprises a solvent evaporation technique.
68. The immunogenic composition of claim 1, wherein the first antigen is a stabilized antigen particle capable of eliciting a cytotoxic-T lymphocyte (CTL) response, wherein the stabilized antigen particle is a generally spherical particle that is produced by a process comprising:
(a) forming an antigen particle from an antigen;
(b) stabilizing the antigen particle by a stabilizing treatment, wherein the stabilized antigen particle is not a virus-like particle, and wherein the stabilized antigen particle is not entrapped within a carrier.
69. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 wherein said antigen is a protein or a nucleic acid molecule.
70. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 wherein the process comprises a solvent evaporation technique.
71. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 wherein the stabilizing treatment is one or more of a heat treatment process or a chemical cross-linking process.
72. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 wherein the stabilized antigen particle is formed by a precipitation process.
73. The immunogenic composition of claim 72 wherein the precipitation process comprises combining an aqueous protein solution with one or more of an oil, a hydrocarbon or a coacervation agent.
74. The immunogenic composition of claim 72 wherein the stabilized antigen particle is formed by an emulsion process.
75. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 wherein the stabilized antigen particle is formed from a tumor protein antigen, a viral protein antigen, or a bacterial protein antigen.
76. The immunogenic composition of claim 75 wherein the viral protein is a herpes simplex virus type 2 protein, hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, an influenza A virus protein, or a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein, or an immunogenic fragment of a herpes simplex virus type 2 protein, a hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, an influenza A virus protein, or a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein, or combinations thereof.
77. The immunogenic composition of claim 75 wherein the bacterial protein is a pertussis protein, a diphtheria protein, a meningitis protein, a H. pylori protein, a H. influenza B protein, or a tetanus protein, or immunogenic fragments of a pertussis protein, a diphtheria protein, a meningitis protein, a H. pylori protein, a H. influenza B protein, or a tetanus protein, or combinations thereof.
78. The immunogenic composition of claim 76 wherein the protein is HSVgB2, gp120, HCV core protein, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, or NS5, or an immunogenic fragment of HCV core protein, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, NS5, HSVgB2 or gp120, or combinations thereof.
79. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 further comprising an additional antigen, wherein the additional antigen is distinct from the stabilized antigen particle.
80. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 wherein the stabilized antigen particle has a diameter from about 200 nanometers to about 10 microns.
81. The immunogenic composition of claim 68 wherein the stabilized antigen particle has a diameter from about 500 nanometers to about 5 microns.
82. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an immunogenic composition of any one of claims 28 or 1.
83. A kit for preparing an immunogenic composition of claim 1 comprising a first container comprising an antigen co-lyophilized with a poly(lactide) polymer andor poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer, a second container comprising an imidazoquinoline co-lyophilized with a poly(lactide) polymer andor poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer.
84. The kit of claim 83 wherein said imidazoquinoline comprises R-848.
85. The kit of claim 83 wherein the antigen is a tumor protein, a viral protein, a bacterial protein, a fungal protein, an avian protein, or a mammalian protein, or fragments of a viral protein, a bacterial protein, a fungal protein, an avian protein, or a mammalian protein.
86. The immunogenic composition of claim 1, wherein the first antigen and second adjuvant are together co-lyophilized with said first adjuvant.
87. The immunogenic composition of claim 1, wherein the first antigen and second adjuvant are independently co-lyophilized with said first adjuvant.
88. The immunogenic composition of claim 20, wherein the bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxin is a cholera toxin (CT), a pertussis toxin (PT), or an E. coli heat-labile toxin (LT).
89. The immunogenic composition of claim 1, wherein the antigen is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp 120 protein and wherein the imidazoquinoline is R-848.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A solar cell, comprising:
a substrate of a first conductive type;
an emitter layer that is positioned on the substrate and is a second conductive type that is opposite to the first conductive type;
first electrodes that are connected to the emitter layer; and
a second electrode that is connected to the substrate,
wherein the emitter layer comprises a first emitter portion and a second emitter portion,
the first electrodes comprise a finger electrode, and a bus electrode intersecting and connected to the finger electrode, the first emitter portion and the second emitter portion are positioned under the bus electrode,
the plurality of finger electrodes and the plurality of bus electrode are formed on a surface of the substrate and are coplanar, and
the plurality of first emitter portions extend from the surface of the substrate to a first doped depth, and the plurality of second emitter portions extend from the surface of the substrate to a second doped depth that is different from the first doped depth.
2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the second emitter portion has an impurity concentration that is more than an impurity concentration of the first emitter portion.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second emitter portion has an impurity doped depth that is more than an impurity doped depth of the first emitter portion.
4. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the second emitter portion has a thickness more than a thickness of the first emitter portion.
5. The solar cell of claim 1, further comprising an anti-reflection layer positioned on the emitter layer.
6. A solar cell, comprising:
a substrate of a first conductive type;
an emitter layer that is positioned on the substrate and is a second conductive type that is opposite to the first conductive type;
first electrodes that are connected to the emitter layer; and
a second electrode that is connected to the substrate,
wherein the emitter layer comprises a plurality of first emitter portions and a plurality of second emitter portions,
the first electrodes comprise a plurality of finger electrodes, and a plurality of bus electrodes intersecting and connected to the plurality of finger electrodes,
the plurality of bus electrodes are formed over alternate ones of the plurality of first emitter portions and the plurality of second emitter portions,
the plurality of finger electrodes and the plurality of bus electrode are formed on a surface of the substrate and are coplanar, and
the plurality of first emitter portions extend from the surface of the substrate to a first doped depth, and the plurality of second emitter portions extend from the surface of the substrate to a second doped depth that is different from the first doped depth.
7. The solar cell of claim 6, wherein the plurality of second emitter portions have an impurity concentration that is more than an impurity concentration of the plurality of first emitter portions.
8. The solar cell of claim 6, wherein the plurality of second emitter portions have an impurity doped depth that is more than an impurity doped depth of the plurality of first emitter portions.
9. The solar cell of claim 6, wherein the plurality of second emitter portions have a thickness more than a thickness of the plurality of first emitter portions.
10. The solar cell of claim 6, further comprising an anti-reflection layer positioned on the emitter layer.

1. A method for increasing a range of a first network, the method comprising:
sending a request, by a communication device, to a network device while the communication device is in a range of the first network, where the request includes a request for discovery data that identifies the first network;
receiving, by the communication device, the discovery data; and
broadcasting, by the communication device, information based on the discovery data when the communication device is outside the range of the first network and when the communication device is configured to communicate over a second network different from the first network, wherein the broadcasted information is effective to indicate that the communication device is configured to communicate with the first network.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the discovery data is a combination of a network identifier and an address that identifies the network device.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, by the communication device, prior to sending the request, determining that the communication device is within the range of the first network.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, by the communication device, prior to broadcasting, determining that the communication device is outside the range of the first network.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, by the communication device:
receiving a signal from a controller, wherein the signal includes a request to communicate with an end device inside the range of the first network; and
transmitting the signal to the network device through the second network.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to communicate over the first network when the controller is in the range of the first network and the controller is ineffective to communicate over the second network.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising, prior to transmitting the signal to the network device, outputting an indication of receipt of the signal by the communication device.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, by the communication device, communicating with the end device at communication beacon periods based on a beacon timing requirement.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising, by the network device:
receiving a signal from a controller, wherein the signal includes a request to communicate with an end device outside the range of the first network; and
transmitting the signal to the communication device through the second network.
10. A device configured to increase a range of a first network, the device comprising:
a memory;
a first network interface controller;
a second network interface controller; and
a processor configured to be in communication with the memory, the first network interface controller and the second network interface controller; wherein:
the processor is configured to generate and send a request through the first network interface controller to a network device while the device is in the range of the first network, where the request includes a request for discovery data that identifies the first network;
the processor is further configured to receive the discovery data and store the discovery data in the memory; and
the processor is configured to broadcast information based on the discovery data through the first network interface controller when the device is outside the range of the first network and when the device is configured to communicate over a second network through the second network interface controller, where the second network is different from the first network, and where the broadcasted information is effective to indicate that the communication device is configured to communicate with the first network.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the communication device is within the range of the first network.
12. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a signal from a controller, wherein the signal includes a request to communicate with an end device inside the range of the first network; and
transmit the signal to the network device through the second network.
13. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to output an indication of receipt of the signal by the communication device.
14. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to communicate with the end device at communication beacon periods based on a beacon timing requirement.
15. A system configured to increase a range of a first network, the system comprising:
an end device;
a network device in the range of the first network and configured to be in communication with the end device;
a controller; and
a communication device;
wherein:
the communication device is configured to send a request to the network device while the communication device is in the range of the first network, where the request includes a request for discovery data that identifies the first network;
the network device is configured to receive the request and send the discovery data to the communication device in response; and the communication device is further configured to:
receive the discovery data;
broadcast information based on the discovery data when the communication device is outside the range of the first network and when the communication device is configured to communicate over a second network different from the first network, wherein the broadcasted information is effective to indicate that the communication device is configured to communicate with the first network;
receive a signal from the controller, wherein the signal includes a request to communicate with the end device inside the range of the first network; and

transmit the signal to the network device through the second network.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the communication device is configured to determine, prior to the request, that the communication device is within the range of the first network; and
the communication device is configured to determine, prior to broadcast, that the communication device is outside the range of the first network.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to communicate over the first network when the controller is in the range of the first network and the controller is ineffective to communicate over the second network.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein the communication device is configured to, prior to transmission of the signal to the network device, output an indication of receipt of the signal by the communication device.
19. The system of claim 15, wherein the communication device is further configured to communicate with the end device at communication beacon periods based on a beacon timing requirement.
20. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the controller is a first controller;
the end device is a first end device;
the signal is a first signal;
and the system further comprises:
a second controller;
and the network device is configured to receive a second signal from the second controller, wherein the second signal includes a request to communicate with a second end device outside the range of the first network; and
the network device is configured to transmit the second signal to the communication device through the second network.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A tablet computer cover and stand, comprising:
a front cover and a rear cover interconnected by an intermediate hinge and configured to enclose a tablet computer therebetween in a closed condition, said front and rear covers having respective inner and outer surfaces and said inner surface of said front cover having an anti-slip surface; and
a shell rotatable on said rear cover about a rear cover hinge disposed within said rear cover, said shell configured to hold the tablet computer, and said shell having a free end configured to engage anywhere on said anti-slip surface upon opening said front and rear covers about said intermediate hinge and rotating said shell about said rear cover hinge from said closed condition to a standing position.
2. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 1, wherein said anti-slip surface provides an infinitely adjustable viewing angle of the tablet computer by moving said free end of said shell along said anti-slip surface.
3. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 1, wherein said anti-slip surface is located in one or more discrete, separate patches or strips on said inner surface of said front cover.
4. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 1, wherein said front and rear covers are configured to be folded back about said intermediate hinge into a folded condition with said outer surfaces of said front and rear covers lying against each other and said shell facing outward.
5. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 4, which further comprises at least one pin connected to said rear cover and passing through at least one respective slot in said shell, permitting said shell to slide relative to said rear cover in said folded condition.
6. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 5, wherein said shell has an opening formed therein configured to be in alignment with a lens of a camera of the tablet computer, and said opening is covered and uncovered by said rear cover when sliding said shell in said folded condition.
7. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 5, which further comprises a connector interconnecting said shell and said rear cover.
8. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 7, wherein said at least one pin is at least one rivet and said connector is a snap.
9. The tablet computer cover and stand according to claim 1, which further comprises hooks disposed on one of said covers, straps spring-loaded for retraction into the other of said covers and a closure tab attached to said straps and configured to be engaged behind said hooks for locking the computer cover and stand in said closed condition.