Author: claimsbot

1. A melting vessel, having an integrated contact surface formed thereon, formed from a composition consisting essentially of:
from about 25 to about 99% by weight of a binder material, said binder material consisting essentially of zirconia or a blend of alumina and zirconia;
from about 1 to about 75% by weight of a filler material;
a deflocculant; and
wherein at least about 85% of the integrated contact surface of said melting vessel consists of said binder material, said integrated contact surface being non-reactive with molten metals contained within said vessel.
2. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein at least about 90% of the surface of said melting vessel consists of said binder material.
3. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein at least about 95% of the surface of said melting vessel consists of said binder material.
4. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein said binder consists essentially of a blend of alumina and zirconia.
5. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein the binder consists essentially of zirconia.
6. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein said binder further includes additional binders.
7. The melting vessel of claim 6, wherein said additional binder is clay.
8. The melting vessel of claim 4, wherein said binder further includes additional binders.
9. The melting vessel of claim 4, wherein said additional binder is clay.
10. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein said filler material is selected from the group consisting of mullite, fused mullite, silica, fused silica, and mixtures thereof.
11. The melting vessel of claim 10, wherein said filler material has a mesh size from about 4 to about 325 mesh.
12. The melting vessel of claim 4, wherein said alumina has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 to about 10 microns.
13. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein said zirconia has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 micron to about 20 microns.
14. The melting vessel of claim 4, wherein said alumina has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 to about 10 microns and said zirconia has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 micron to about 20 microns.
15. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein said binder material includes from about 1% to about 99% by weight of either zirconia or a blend of alumina and zirconia.
16. The melting vessel of claim 1, wherein said binder material further includes from about 1 to about 10% by weight of clay.
17. A melting vessel, having an integrated contact surface formed thereon, formed from a composition consisting essentially of:
from about 60% to about 75% by weight of a binder material, said binder material consisting of alumina, zirconia, and clay;
from about 25% to about 40% by weight of a filler material, said filler material consisting of at least one of fused mullite and fused silica or a blend thereof;
from about 0.01% to about 0.3% of a deflocculant; and
wherein at least about 85% of the surface of said melting vessel consists of said binder material, said integrated contact surface being non-reactive with molten metals contained within said vessel.
18. The melting vessel of claim 17, wherein said filler material has a mesh size of from about 4 mesh to about 325 mesh.
19. The melting vessel of claim 17, wherein said alumina has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 micron to about 10 microns.
20. The melting vessel of claim 17, wherein said zirconia has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 micron to about 20 microns.
21. The melting vessel of claim 17, wherein said alumina has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 to about 10 microns and said zirconia has a mean particle size of from about 0.1 micron to about 20 microns.
22. The melting vessel of claim 17, wherein said alumina has a mean particle size of about 3 microns and said zirconia has a mean particle size of about 8 microns.
23. The melting vessel of claim 17, wherein the deflocculant consists of sodium polyacrylate.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A stage apparatus comprising:
a base;
a stage that can move on a surface of the base;
an imparting unit arranged inside the base, which has a mass body and an actuator that is fixed to the base and moves the mass body in a direction vertical to the surface, the imparting unit being configured to apply a force to the base by moving the mass body; and
a controlling unit that controls movement of the mass body in the vertical direction in the imparting unit in accordance with movement of the stage, so that a force, which is generated in the base by the movement of the stage in a rotational direction around an axis parallel to the surface, is reduced.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plane motor for driving the stage formed between the stage and the base.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controlling unit generates a drive command value of the mass body by utilizing a drive command value of the stage.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the controlling unit determines a thrust of the mass body in the vertical direction based on a thrust of the stage in a direction along the surface of the base, and a distance between a center of gravity of the stage and a center of gravity of the base.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the controlling unit generates a drive command value of the mass body by utilizing at least one selected from the current position, speed, and acceleration of the stage.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a gravity compensation mechanism that gives a force to the mass body in a direction opposite to the gravity.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imparting unit has a plurality of mass bodies and a total sum of thrusts of the plurality of mass bodies in the vertical direction is zero.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the base is provided so as to be movable in a direction along the surface, and the movement of the base reduces a translational force along the surface that is generated by the movement of the stage.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of stages provided on the base, wherein the controlling unit controls the movement of the mass body in the vertical direction in the imparting unit in accordance with the movement of the plurality of stages, so that a resultant force in a rotational direction around an axis parallel to the surface, which is generated in the base by the movement of the plurality of stages, is reduced.
10. An exposure apparatus comprising:
a light source that emits exposure light;
the stage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the stage of the stage apparatus is used as a wafer stage that moves with a wafer mounted thereon;
a reticle stage for mounting a reticle; and
an optical system that forms, on a wafer on the wafer stage, an image of a reticle pattern that is mounted on the reticle stage.
11. A method of manufacturing a device, the method comprising:
a step of exposing a pattern to a substrate using the exposure apparatus according to claim 10; and
a step of developing the exposed substrate.
12. A stage apparatus comprising:
a base;
a stage that can move on a surface of the base in a first direction and a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction;
a plurality of imparting units arranged inside the base, which each have a mass body and an actuator that is fixed to the base and moves the mass body in a direction vertical to the surface, each imparting unit being configured to apply a force to the base by moving the mass body, wherein at least one imparting unit is placed in each of four areas of the base, which are obtained by dividing the base with a plane that is in the first direction and orthogonal to the surface and includes a center of gravity of the base, and a plane that is in the second direction and orthogonal to the surface and includes a center of gravity of the base; and
a controlling unit that controls the movement of each mass body in the vertical direction in accordance with the movement of the stage, so that a force, which is generated in the base by the movement of the stage in rotational directions around axes parallel to the first and second directions, is reduced, wherein the controlling unit controls the movement of each mass body, so that two imparting units placed diagonally from each other, among the four imparting units placed in four areas, impart forces to the base that have the same absolute value, but opposite directions,
wherein the two imparting units placed diagonally from each other are connected with a wire and hung from an upper location.

1. A light fixture, comprising:
a) a fixture housing, which is closed in a rear side, and comprises a window opening in a front side, bordered along one side by a side panel, to which is connected a lighting element shelf;
b) a reflector, configured with a parabolic shape such that the reflector extends from a starting edge, such that the reflector is initially substantially asymptotically perpendicular in a cross-sectional plane to the window opening, such that an initial angle between the reflector and the window opening is in a range of \u22125 to +5 degrees from a 90 degree perpendicular angle, the reflector thereafter extending in a parabolic curve towards the rear side of the light fixture, reaching an apex, from which the curve continues a parabolic curve, from the apex to an ending point.
c) at least one lighting element, mounted on the inside surface of the lighting element shelf, inside the fixture housing, wherein the lighting element provides directional light, in direction from a plane of an inner surface of the lighting element towards the rear side;
such that light emitted from the lighting element, will reflect at least one time on the reflector, before exiting the light fixture via the window opening.
2. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the reflector is further configured with a short parabolic shape, such that the apex is configured in a position on the parabolic curve at 20-30% of a horizontal projection length in a plane of the window opening, from the starting edge of the cross-sectional reflector curve to the ending edge, with a reflector depth to reflector width ratio of at most 1:3.
3. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the reflector is further configured with an elongated parabolic shape, such that the apex is configured in a position approximately at 20-30% of a horizontal projection length in a plane of the window opening, from the starting edge of the cross-sectional reflector curve to the ending edge, with a reflector depth to reflector width ratio of more than 1:3.
4. The light fixture of claim 1, further comprising an angled ledge, which is connected to an inner edge of the lighting element shelf, and protrudes inwards at an angle, in a range of 0 to 90 degrees, whereby the angled ledge shields direct light from the lighting element.
5. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the angled ledge is adjustable.
6. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the angled ledge is reflective on an inner side, such that light from the lighting element directed on to the angled ledge, is reflected on to the reflector, and is eventually emitted via the window opening as indirect light.
7. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the lighting element is a light emitting diode lighting assembly.
8. The light fixture of claim 1, further configured with two reflective end plates attached to the inside of each side of the fixture housing, and connected to each end of the reflector.
9. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the light fixture is further configured with a regressed lens that covers the window opening.
10. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the lighting element shelf is in plane with the window opening, and parallel to the window opening.
11. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the lighting element shelf is recessed, such that the inner surface is further inside the fixture housing, as compared to the window opening plane.
12. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the lighting element shelf is angled in a cross-sectional plane, such that the cross-sectional inner surface is not parallel with the cross-sectional window opening.
13. The light fixture of claim 12, wherein an angle of the inner surface is in a range of \u221220 to 20 degrees.
14. The light fixture of claim 12, wherein an angle of the lighting element shelf is adjustable.
15. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the lighting element shelf is parallel with a plane of the window opening.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An antenna radiator comprising:
a radiator printed circuit board (PCB) for plugging into a backplane PCB via an edge card connector in a direction normal to the backplane PCB, the edge card connector comprising metal springs for securing the radiator PCB to the backplane PCB;
a pair of opposing antenna elements on one side of the radiator PCB and impedance matched to the edge card connector; and
a pair of tabs electrically connected to corresponding ones of the pair of opposing antenna elements and for electrically connecting to the metal springs of the edge card connector when the radiator PCB is plugged into the backplane PCB.
2. The antenna radiator of claim 1, further comprising a corresponding other pair of opposing antenna elements on another side of the radiator PCB and impedance matched to the edge card connector.
3. The antenna radiator of claim 2, further comprising a corresponding other pair of tabs electrically connected to corresponding ones of the other pair of opposing antenna elements and for electrically connecting to the metal springs of the edge card connector when the radiator PCB is plugged into the backplane PCB.
4. The antenna radiator of claim 1, wherein:
the pair of opposing antenna elements comprises a plurality of pairs of opposing antenna elements, and
the pair of tabs comprises a plurality of pairs of tabs corresponding to the plurality of pairs of opposing antenna elements.
5. The antenna radiator of claim 4, further comprising a corresponding plurality of other pairs of opposing antenna elements on another side of the radiator PCB and impedance matched to the edge card connector.
6. The antenna radiator of claim 5, further comprising a corresponding plurality of other pairs of tabs, each of the other pairs of tabs being electrically connected to corresponding ones of a respective pair of the other pairs of opposing antenna elements and for electrically connecting to the metal springs of the edge card connector when the radiator PCB is plugged into the backplane PCB.
7. The antenna radiator of claim 1, wherein the antenna elements are arranged in a flared notch configuration.
8. The antenna radiator of claim 1, wherein a height of the antenna elements is less than a half of a signal wavelength of the antenna radiator.
9. The antenna radiator of claim 1, wherein the pair of tabs comprises a third tab.
10. An antenna comprising:
a radiator portion comprising:
a radiator printed circuit board (PCB);
a pair of opposing antenna elements on one side of the radiator PCB; and
a pair of tabs electrically connected to corresponding ones of the pair of opposing antenna elements; and

a backplane portion comprising:
a backplane PCB;
wiring on the backplane PCB; and
an edge card connector on the backplane PCB for allowing the radiator portion to plug into the backplane portion in a direction normal to the backplane PCB, the edge card connector comprising metal springs for securing the radiator portion to the backplane PCB and for electrically connecting the wiring to the tabs,

wherein the pair of opposing antenna elements are impedance matched to the edge card connector.
11. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the wiring comprises a balun.
12. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the radiator portion further comprises a corresponding other pair of opposing antenna elements on another side of the radiator PCB and impedance matched to the edge card connector.
13. The antenna of claim 12, wherein the radiator portion further comprises a corresponding other pair of tabs electrically connected to corresponding ones of the other pair of opposing antenna elements and configured to electrically connect to the wiring through the metal springs.
14. The antenna of claim 10, wherein:
the pair of opposing antenna elements comprises a plurality of pairs of opposing antenna elements, and
the pair of tabs comprises a plurality of pairs of tabs corresponding to the plurality of pairs of opposing antenna elements.
15. The antenna of claim 14,
wherein the edge card connector comprises a plurality of edge card connectors corresponding to the plurality of pairs of opposing antenna elements and the plurality of pairs of tabs, and
wherein the plurality of pairs of opposing antenna elements are impedance matched to respective ones of the plurality of edge card connectors.
16. The antenna of claim 14, wherein the radiator portion further comprises a corresponding plurality of other pairs of opposing antenna elements on another side of the radiator PCB and impedance matched to the edge card connector.
17. The antenna of claim 16, wherein the radiator portion further comprises a corresponding plurality of other pairs of tabs, each of the other pairs of tabs being electrically connected to corresponding ones of a respective pair of the other pairs of opposing antenna elements and configured to electrically connect to the wiring through the metal springs.
18. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the antenna elements are arranged in a flared notch configuration.
19. The antenna of claim 10, wherein a height of the antenna elements is less than a half of a signal wavelength of the antenna.
20. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the pair of tabs comprises a third tab.
21. An antenna array comprising:
a plurality of radiator portions, each of the radiator portions comprising:
a radiator printed circuit board (PCB);
one or more pairs of opposing antenna elements on one side of the radiator PCB; and
one or more pairs of tabs corresponding to the one or more pairs of opposing antenna elements, each of the pairs of tabs being electrically connected to corresponding ones of a respective pair of the pairs of opposing antenna elements; and

a backplane portion comprising:
a backplane PCB;
wiring on the backplane PCB; and
one or more edge card connectors on the backplane PCB for allowing the radiator portions to plug into the backplane portion in a direction normal to the backplane PCB and parallel or coplanar with each other, each of the edge card connectors comprising metal springs for securing a corresponding one of the radiator portions to the backplane PCB and for electrically connecting the wiring to one or more of the pairs of tabs of the corresponding one of the radiator portions,

wherein each of the pairs of opposing antenna elements is impedance matched to a respective one of the edge card connectors.
22. The antenna array of claim 21,
wherein each of the radiator portions further comprises a corresponding one or more other pairs of opposing antenna elements on another side of the radiator PCB, and
wherein each of the other pairs of opposing antenna elements being impedance matched to the respective one of the edge card connectors.
23. The antenna array of claim 22, wherein each of the radiator portions further comprises a corresponding one or more other pairs of tabs, each of the other pairs of tabs being electrically connected to corresponding ones of a respective pair of the other pairs of opposing antenna elements and configured to electrically connect to the wiring through the metal springs.
24. A modular antenna array comprising an array of antenna arrays of claim 21.