1. An LED lamp comprising:
a heat dissipating base ;
an LED assembly, comprising a plurality of LEDs, in thermal communication with the heat dissipating base;
a bulb disposed over the LED assembly and coupled to the heat dissipating base; and
a reflective insert disposed inside the bulb and configured to reflect a portion of light generated by the LED assembly in a substantially downward direction.
2. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the reflective insert comprises an opening to allow a portion of light generated by the LED assembly to pass through.
3. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the reflective insert is substantially flat.
4. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the reflective insert comprises a circular shape.
5. The LED lamp of claim 4, wherein the reflective insert is disposed in a center of the bulb, and wherein a circumference of the reflective insert is substantially the same as a circumference of the center of the bulb.
6. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the reflective insert comprises paper.
7. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the reflective insert comprises plastic.
8. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the reflective insert comprises a reflective coating.
9. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the reflective insert is disposed inside the bulb, substantially parallel to the LED assembly.
10. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the bulb is transparent.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-13. (canceled)
14. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
throwing water and aggregate into a measurement tank having an opening for overflow formed thereon so that the aggregate is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate and so that the water overflows from the opening for overflow;
measuring total mass Mf of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating mass Ma of the aggregate in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water from the fact that an internal volume at overflow from said measurement tank is equal to total volume Vf of the submergence aggregate by solving the following two formulas:
Ma+Mw=Mf\u2003\u2003(1)
Ma\u03c1a+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(2)
where \u03c1a is a density of the aggregate in the saturated surface-dried condition and \u03c1w is a density of the water.
15. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 14, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass Maw of the aggregate in wet condition; and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate by solving the following formula:
(Maw\u2212Ma)Ma\u2003\u2003(3)
16. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 14, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the supplied water and mass MO of the overflow water;
calculating Maw by solving the following formula:
Maw=Mf\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(4); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate by substituting the Maw for the following formula:
(Maw\u2212Ma)Ma\u2003\u2003(3)
17. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 14, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
18-23. (canceled)
24. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
measuring mass Maw of aggregate;
throwing aggregate and water into a submergence aggregate container having an opening for overflow formed thereon so that the aggregate is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate and so that the water overflows from the opening for overflow;
measuring mass MI of the supplied water and mass MO of the overflow water as accumulation values;
calculating mass Ma of the aggregate in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water in the submergence aggregate from the fact that an internal volume at overflow from said submergence aggregate container is equal to total volume Vf of the submergence aggregate by solving the following two formulas:
Ma+Mw=Maw+(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(5)
Ma\u03c1a+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(2)
where \u03c1a is a density of the aggregate in the saturated surface-dried condition and \u03c1w is a density of the water; and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate by solving the following formula:
(Maw\u2212Ma)Ma\u2003\u2003(3)
25. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 24, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
26. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
throwing aggregate of a first kind and water into a predetermined measurement tank so that the aggregate is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf1 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma1 of the aggregate of the first kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by solving the following two formulas:
Ma1+Mw=Mf1\u2003\u2003(7)
Ma\u03c1a1+Mw\u03c1w=Vf1\u2003\u2003(8)
where Vf1 is a total volume of the submergence aggregate, \u03c1a1 is a density of the aggregate of the first kind in the saturated surface-dried condition, and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
throwing aggregate of a second kind and required water into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the second kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf2 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma2 of the aggregate of the second kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by solving the following two formulas:
Ma1+Ma2+Mw=Mf2\u2003\u2003(9)
Ma1\u03c1a1+Ma2\u03c1a2+Mw\u03c1w=Vf2\u2003\u2003(10)
where Vf2 is a total volume of the submergence aggregate and \u03c1a2 is a density of the aggregate of the second kind in the saturated surface-dried condition;
hereinafter, repeating the above procedure for sequential calculation up to mass Ma(N-1) of aggregate of an (N\u22121)th kind in a saturated surface-dried condition;
finally throwing aggregate of an Nth kind and required water into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the Nth kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass MfN of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating mass MaN of aggregate of the Nth kind in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by solving the following two formulas:
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to (N\u22121))+MaN+Mw=MfN\u2003\u2003(11)
\u03a3Mai\u03c1ai(i=1 to (N\u22121))+MaN\u03c1aN+Mw\u03c1w=VfN\u2003\u2003(12)
where VfN is a total volume of the submergence aggregate and \u03c1aN is a density of the aggregate of the Nth kind in the saturated surface-dried condition.
27. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 26, wherein the total volume Vfi (i=1 to N) of the submergence aggregate is maintained at a steady value Vf when the water and the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) are thrown into said measurement tank.
28. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 26, further comprising the steps of:
measuring the mass Mawi of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in wet condition; and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
29. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 26, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating \u03a3Mawj (j=1 to i) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)=Mfi\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(14);
calculating Mawi by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)\u2212\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to (i\u22121))\u2003\u2003(15); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the Mawi for the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
30. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
measuring mass Mawi of aggregate of an i-th kind (i=1 to N) in wet condition;
throwing water and aggregate of a first kind into a predetermined submergence aggregate container so that the first aggregate is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate and so that a total volume of the submergence aggregate is maintained at a steady value Vf;
measuring mass MI of water supplied to said submergence aggregate container and mass MO of water discharged from said submergence aggregate container as accumulation values;
calculating mass Ma1 of the aggregate of the first kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by solving the following two formulas:
Ma1+Mw=Maw1+(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(16)
Ma1\u03c1a1+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(17)
where \u03c1a1 is a density of the aggregate of the first kind in the saturated surface-dried condition and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the first kind by solving the following formula:
(Maw1\u2212Ma1)Ma1\u2003\u2003(18)
throwing aggregate of a second kind and required water into said submergence aggregate container so that the aggregate of the second kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate and so that the total volume of the submergence aggregate is maintained at the steady value Vf;
measuring mass MI of the supplied water and mass MO of the discharged water as accumulation values;
calculating mass Ma2 of the aggregate of the second kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by solving the following two formulas:
Ma1+Ma2+Mw=Maw1+Maw2+(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(19)
Ma1\u03c1a1+Ma2\u03c1a2+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(20)
where \u03c1a2 is a density of the aggregate of the second kind in the saturated surface-dried condition;
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the second kind by solving the following formula:
(Maw2\u2212Ma2)Ma2\u2003\u2003(21)
hereinafter, repeating the above procedure for sequential calculation up to mass Ma(N-1) of aggregate of an (N\u22121)th kind in a saturated surface-dried condition;
finally throwing aggregate of an Nth kind and required water into said submergence aggregate container so that the aggregate of the Nth kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate and so that the total volume of the submergence aggregate is maintained at the steady value Vf;
measuring mass MI of the supplied water and mass MO of the discharged water as accumulation values;
calculating mass MaN of the aggregate of the Nth kind in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by solving the following two formulas:
\u2211
M
ai
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
(
i
=
1
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
to
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
(
N
–
1
)
)
+
M
aN
+
M
w
=
\u2211
\u2003
\u2062
(
M
awi
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
(
i
=
1
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
to
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
(
N
–
1
)
)
+
M
awN
+
\u2003
\u2062
(
M
I
–
M
O
)
(
22
)
\u2003
\u2062
\u2211
(
M
ai
\u2062
\u2003
\u03c1
ai
)
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
(
i
=
1
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
to
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
(
N
–
1
)
)
+
M
aN
\u03c1
aN
+
M
w
\u03c1
w
=
V
f
(
23
)
where \u03c1aN is a density of the aggregate of the Nth kind in the saturated surface-dried condition; and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the Nth kind by solving the following formula:
(MawN\u2212MaN)MaN\u2003\u2003(24)
31. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 26, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) or Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N) or Vf.
32. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 28, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) or Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N) or Vf.
33. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 29, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) or Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N) or Vf.
34. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
calculating a mean-density \u03c1ave of whole aggregate from a mass ratio of aggregate of an i-th kind (i=1 to N) and density \u03c1ai (i=1 to N) of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in a saturated surface-dried condition;
throwing the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) and water into a predetermined measurement tank so that the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating summation \u03a3Mai (i=1 to N), that is, total mass of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by solving the following two formulas:
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)+Mw=Mf\u2003\u2003(25)
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u03c1ave+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(26)
where Vf is a total volume of the submergence aggregate and \u03c1w is a density of the water.
35. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 34, wherein the total volume Vf of the submergence aggregate is maintained at a steady value when the water and the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) are thrown as submergence aggregate into said measurement tank.
36. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 34, further comprising the steps of:
measuring summation \u03a3Mawi (i=1 to N), that is, total mass of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in wet condition; and
calculating an average percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
(\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N))\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u2003\u2003(27)
37. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 34, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank;
calculating \u03a3Mawi (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)=Mf\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(28); and
calculating an average percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the \u03a3Mawi value for the following formula:
(\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N))\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u2003\u2003(27)
38. A measuring method of concrete materials comprising the steps of:
measuring summation \u03a3Mawi (i=1 to N), that is, total mass of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in wet condition;
calculating a mean-density \u03c1ave of whole aggregate from a mass ratio of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) and density \u03c1ai (i=1 to N) of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition;
throwing the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) and water into a predetermined submergence aggregate container so that the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate and so that a total volume of the submergence aggregate is maintained at a steady value Vf;
measuring mass MI of water supplied to said submergence aggregate container and mass MO of water discharged from said submergence aggregate container as accumulation values;
calculating summation \u03a3Mai (i=1 to N), that is, total mass of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water in said submergence aggregate by solving the following two formulas:
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)+Mw=\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)+(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(29)
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u03c1ave+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(30)
where \u03c1w is a density of the water; and
calculating an average percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
(\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N))\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u2003\u2003(31)
39. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 34, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
40. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 36, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
41. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 37, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
42. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
throwing aggregate and water into a predetermined measurement tank so that the aggregate is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating mass Ma of the aggregate in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by solving the following two formulas:
Ma+Mw=Mf\u2003\u2003(1)
Ma\u03c1a+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(2)
where Vf is a total volume of the submergence aggregate, \u03c1a is a density of the aggregate in the saturated surface-dried condition, and \u03c1w is a density of the water,
wherein the aggregate is thrown into the measurement tank at a predetermined speed and continuously or intermittently while measuring the total mass Mf of the submergence aggregate in real time or at predetermined time intervals and throwing the aggregate is terminated when the mass Ma of the aggregate in the saturated surface-dried condition reaches a scheduled input.
43. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 42, wherein the total volume of the submergence aggregate Vf is maintained at a steady value when the water and the aggregate are thrown as submergence aggregate into said measurement tank.
44. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 42, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating Maw by solving the following formula:
Maw=Mf\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(4); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate by substituting the Maw for the following formula:
(Maw=Ma)Ma\u2003\u2003(3)
45. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
throwing aggregate of a first kind and water into a predetermined measurement tank so that the aggregate is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf1 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma1 of the aggregate of the first kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by solving the following two formulas:
Ma1+Mw=Mf\u2003\u2003(7)
Ma1\u03c1a1+Mw\u03c1w=Vf1\u2003\u2003(8)
where Vf1 is a total volume of the submergence aggregate, \u03c1a1 is a density of the aggregate of the first kind in the saturated surface-dried condition, and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
throwing aggregate of a second kind and required water into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the second kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf2 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma2 of the aggregate of the second kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by solving the following two formulas:
Ma1+Ma2+Mw=Mf2\u2003\u2003(9)
Ma1\u03c1a1+Ma2\u03c1a2+Mw\u03c1w=Vf2\u2003\u2003(10)
where Vf2 is a total volume of the submergence aggregate and \u03c1a2 is a density of the aggregate of the second kind in the saturated surface-dried condition;
hereinafter, repeating the above procedure for sequential calculation up to mass Ma(N-1) of aggregate of an (N\u22121)th kind in a saturated surface-dried condition;
finally throwing aggregate of an Nth kind and required water into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the Nth kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass MfN of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating mass MaN of the aggregate of the Nth kind in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by solving the following two formulas:
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to (N\u22121))+MaN+Mw=MfN\u2003\u2003(11)
\u03a3Mai\u03c1ai(i=1 to (N\u22121))+MaN\u03c1aN+Mw\u03c1w=VfN\u2003\u2003(12)
where VfN is a total volume of the submergence aggregate and \u03c1aN is a density of the aggregate of the Nth kind in the saturated surface-dried condition,
wherein the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is thrown into the measurement tank at a predetermined speed and continuously or intermittently while measuring the total mass Mfi (i=1 to N) of the submergence aggregate in real time or at predetermined time intervals and throwing the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is terminated when the mass Mai (I=1 to N) of the aggregate in the saturated surface-dried condition reaches a scheduled input.
46. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 45, wherein the total volume Vfi (i=1 to N) of the submergence aggregate is maintained at a steady value Vf when the water and the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) are thrown as submergence aggregate into said measurement tank.
47. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 45, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating \u03a3Mawj (j=1 to i) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)=Mfi\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(14);
calculating Mawi by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)\u2212\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to (i\u22121))\u2003\u2003(15); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the Mawi for the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
48. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
calculating a mean-density \u03c1ave of whole aggregate from a mass ratio of aggregate of an i-th kind (i=1 to N) and density \u03c1ai (i=1 to N) of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition;
throwing the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) and water into a predetermined measurement tank so that the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating summation \u03a3Mai (i=1 to N), that is, total mass of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by solving the following two formulas:
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)+Mw=Mf\u2003\u2003(25)
\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u03c1ave+Mw\u03c1w=Vf\u2003\u2003(26)
where Vf is a total volume of the submergence aggregate and \u03c1w is a density of the water,
wherein the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is thrown into the measurement tank at a predetermined speed and continuously or intermittently while measuring the total mass Mf of the submergence aggregate in real time or at predetermined time intervals and throwing the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is terminated when the summation \u03a3Mai (i=1 to N) of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition reaches a scheduled input.
49. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 48, wherein the total volume Vf of the submergence aggregate is maintained at a steady value when the water and the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) are thrown as submergence aggregate into said measurement tank.
50. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 48, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank;
calculating \u03a3Mawi (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)=Mf\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(28); and
calculating an average percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the \u03a3Mawi value for the following formula:
(\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N))\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u2003\u2003(27)
51. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 42, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
52. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 44, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
53. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 47, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
54. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 50, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
55. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
setting target mass Mdi (i=1 to N) of submergence aggregate at an end of throwing aggregate of an i-th kind (i=1 to N);
throwing aggregate of a first kind and water into a predetermined measurement tank so that the aggregate of the first kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf1 of the submergence aggregate;
measuring total volume Vf1 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma1 of the aggregate of the first kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by substituting the total mass Mf1 and the total volume Vf1 of the submergence aggregate for the following formula:
Ma1=\u03c1a1(Mf1\u2212\u03c1wVf1)(\u03c1a1\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(32)
where \u03c1a1 is a density of the aggregate of the first kind in the saturated surface-dried condition and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
throwing aggregate of a second kind into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the second kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf2 of the submergence aggregate;
measuring total volume Vf2 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma2 of the aggregate of the second kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by substituting the total mass Ma2 and the total volume Va2 of the submergence aggregate for the following formula:
Ma2=\u03c1a2((Mf2\u2212Ma1)\u2212\u03c1w(Vf2\u2212Ma1\u03c1a1))(\u03c1a2\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(33)
where \u03c1a1 is a density of the aggregate of the first kind in the saturated surface-dried condition, \u03c1a2 is a density of the aggregate of the second kind in the saturated surface-dried condition, and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
hereinafter, repeating the above procedure for sequential calculation up to mass Ma(N-1) of aggregate of an (N\u22121)th kind in a saturated surface-dried condition;
finally throwing aggregate of an Nth kind into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the Nth kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass MfN of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating mass MaN of the aggregate of the Nth kind in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by substituting the total mass MfN and the total volume VfN of the submergence aggregate for the following formulas:
MaN=\u03c1aN((MfN\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to (N\u22121)))\u2212\u03c1w(VfN\u2212\u03a3(Mai\u03c1ai)(i=1 to (N\u22121))))(\u03c1aN\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(34)
Mw=\u03c1w(\u03c1aN(VfN\u2212\u03a3(Mai\u03c1ai)(i=1 to (N\u22121)))\u2212(MfN\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to (N\u22121))))(\u03c1aN\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(35)
where \u03c1ai (i=1 to N) is a density of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
wherein the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is thrown into the measurement tank at a predetermined speed and continuously or intermittently while measuring the total mass Mfi (i=1 to N) of the submergence aggregate in real time or at predetermined time intervals and throwing aggregate of a jth kind is terminated when total mass Mfj of the submergence aggregate in the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) reaches the target mass Mdj of the submergence aggregate at the end of throwing the aggregate of the jth kind during throwing the aggregate of the jth kind.
56. A measuring method of concrete materials, comprising the steps of:
setting target mass Mdi (i=1 to N) of submergence aggregate at an end of throwing aggregate of an i-th kind (i=1 to N);
throwing aggregate of a first kind and water into a predetermined measurement tank so that the aggregate of the first kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf1 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma1 of the aggregate of the first kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by substituting the total mass Mf1 of the submergence aggregate and total volume Vf1 of the submergence aggregate corresponding to a preset first water level for the following formula:
Ma1=\u03c1a1(Mf1\u2212\u03c1wVf1)(\u03c1a1\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(32)
where \u03c1a1 is a density of the aggregate of the first kind in the saturated surface-dried condition and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
throwing aggregate of a second kind into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the second kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass Mf2 of the submergence aggregate;
calculating mass Ma2 of the aggregate of the second kind in a saturated surface-dried condition by substituting the total mass Ma2 of the submergence aggregate and the total volume Va2 of the submergence aggregate corresponding to a preset second water level for the following formula:
Ma2=\u03c1a2((Mf2\u2212Ma1)\u2212\u03c1w(Vf2\u2212Ma1\u03c1a1))(\u03c1a2\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(33)
where \u03c1a1 is a density of the aggregate of the first kind in the saturated surface-dried condition, \u03c1a2 is a density of the aggregate of the second kind in the saturated surface-dried condition, and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
hereinafter, repeating the above procedure for sequential calculation up to mass Ma(N-1) of aggregate of an (N\u22121)th kind in a saturated surface-dried condition;
finally throwing aggregate of an Nth kind into said measurement tank so that the aggregate of the Nth kind is submerged in the water as submergence aggregate;
measuring total mass MfN of the submergence aggregate; and
calculating mass MaN of the aggregate of the Nth kind in a saturated surface-dried condition and mass Mw of the water by substituting the total mass MfN of the submergence aggregate and the total volume VfN of the submergence aggregate corresponding to a preset Nth water level for the following formulas:
MaN=\u03c1aN((MfN\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to (N\u22121)))\u2212\u03c1w(VfN\u2212\u03a3(Mai\u03c1ai)(i=1 to (N\u22121))))(\u03c1aN\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(34)
Mw=\u03c1w(\u03c1aN(VfN\u2212\u03a3(Mai\u03c1ai)(i=1 to (N\u22121)))\u2212(MfN\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to (N\u22121))))(\u03c1aN\u2212\u03c1w)\u2003\u2003(35)
where \u03c1ai (i=1 to N) is a density of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in the saturated surface-dried condition and \u03c1w is a density of the water;
wherein the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) is thrown into the measurement tank at a predetermined speed and continuously or intermittently while measuring the total mass Mfi (i=1 to N) of the submergence aggregate in real time or at predetermined time intervals and throwing aggregate of a jth kind is terminated when total mass Mfj of the submergence aggregate in the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) reaches the target mass Mdj of the submergence aggregate during throwing the aggregate of the jth kind while excess water is discharged so that the water level of the submergence aggregate does not exceed a preset jth water level and wherein, unless the water level of the submergence aggregate at that time reaches the preset jth water level, water is added so that it reaches the jth water level for re-measuring the total mass Mfj of the submergence aggregate and re-calculating the mass Maj of the aggregate of the jth kind in the saturated surface-dried condition and the mass Mw of the water.
57. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 55, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating \u03a3Mawj (j=1 to i) by substituting the mass MI of the water to said measurement tank, the mass MO of the water from said measurement tank, and the total mass Mfi (i=1 to N) for the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)=Mfi\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(14);
calculating Mawi by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)\u2212\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to (i\u22121))\u2003\u2003(15); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the Mawi for the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
58. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 55, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N).
59. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 57, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N).
60-76. (canceled)
77. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 15, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
78. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 16, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
79. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 27, further comprising the steps of:
measuring the mass Mawi of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in wet condition; and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
80. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 27, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating \u03a3Mawj (j=1 to i) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)=Mfi\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(14);
calculating Mawi by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)\u2212\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to (i\u22121))\u2003\u2003(15); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the Mawi for the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
81. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 27, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) or Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N) or Vf.
82. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 30, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) or Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N) or Vf.
83. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 35, further comprising the steps of:
measuring summation \u03a3Mawi (i=1 to N), that is, total mass of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) in wet condition; and
calculating an average percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
(\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N))\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u2003\u2003(27)
84. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 35, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank;
calculating \u03a3Mawi (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)=Mf\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(28); and
calculating an average percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the \u03a3Mawi value for the following formula:
(\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N))\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u2003\u2003(27)
85. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 35, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
86. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 38, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
87. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 43, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating Maw by solving the following formula:
Maw=Mf\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(4); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate by substituting the Maw for the following formula:
(Maw\u2212Ma)Ma\u2003\u2003(3)
88. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 46, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating \u03a3Mawj (j=1 to i) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)=Mfi\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(14);
calculating Mawi by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)\u2212\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to (i\u22121))\u2003\u2003(15); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the Mawi for the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
89. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 49, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank;
calculating \u03a3Mawi (i=1 to N) by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)=Mf\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(28); and
calculating an average percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the \u03a3Mawi value for the following formula:
(\u03a3Mawi(i=1 to N)\u2212\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N))\u03a3Mai(i=1 to N)\u2003\u2003(27)
90. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 43, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
91. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 45, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
92. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 46, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
93. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 48, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
94. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 49, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vf\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vf.
95. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 56, further comprising the steps of:
measuring mass MI of the water supplied to said measurement tank and mass MO of the water discharged from said measurement tank as accumulation values;
calculating \u03a3Mawj (j=1 to i) by substituting the mass MI of the water to said measurement tank, the mass MO of the water from said measurement tank, and the total mass Mfi (i=1 to N) for the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)=Mfi\u2212(MI\u2212MO)\u2003\u2003(14);
calculating Mawi by solving the following formula:
\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to i)\u2212\u03a3Mawj(j=1 to (i\u22121))\u2003\u2003(15); and
calculating a percentage of surface moisture of the aggregate of the i-th kind (i=1 to N) by substituting the Mawi for the following formula:
(Mawi\u2212Mai)Mai\u2003\u2003(13)
96. The measuring method of concrete materials according to claim 56, wherein an air content of the submergence aggregate is a (%) and Vfi (i=1 to N)\xb7(1\u2212a100) is used instead of said Vfi (i=1 to N).