Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. A method of calibrating measuring machines, comprising the steps of:
positioning a reference device having a sphere within a measurement space by an object three-dimensional measuring machine having a spherical probe;
contacting said spherical probe with six or more measurement points uniformly distributed on the spherical surface of said sphere to measure central coordinates of said sphere of said reference device by said object three-dimensional measuring machine; and
calibrating said object three-dimensional measuring machine based on said central coordinates obtained.
2. The method of calibrating measuring machines according to claim 1, wherein said measurement points distributed on the spherical surface of said sphere locate on vertexes of a regular n-polyhedron (where n8) inscribed in said sphere.
3. The method of calibrating measuring machines according to claim 1, wherein said reference device includes three spheres supported on said support member and not arrayed in line.
4. The method of calibrating measuring machines according to claim 1, wherein said sphere has a diameter almost similar to that of said probe.
5. A method of calibrating measuring machines, comprising the steps of:
positioning a reference three-dimensional measuring machine having a first probing system previously calibrated and an object three-dimensional measuring machine having a second probing system to be calibrated in such a manner that a measurement space by said three-dimensional reference measuring machine is superimposed on a measurement space by said object three-dimensional measuring machine, locating a spherical probe on one of said first and second probing systems and locating a reference device having a sphere on the other of said first and second probing systems;
contacting said spherical probe with six or more measurement points uniformly distributed on the spherical surface of said sphere of said reference device to acquire first measurement values by said reference three-dimensional measuring machine and second measurement values by said object three-dimensional measuring machine; and
calibrating said object three-dimensional measuring machine based on said first and second measurement values.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material, comprising a fossil fuel material selected from oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof, the method comprising:
providing a hydrocarbon-extracting fluid consisting essentially of turpentine fluid alone or a combination of a turpentine fluid and a turpentine-miscible second fluid;
contacting oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof with said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid, to form an extraction or separation mixture so as to extract or separate hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from said oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof into said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid and form an extraction fluid comprising said turpentine fluid containing the extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter; and
separating said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a residual material not extracted.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising separating said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein turpentine-miscible second fluid is a turpentine-miscible solvent.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting occurs in situ.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said in situ contacting is in a natural formation.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said turpentine fluid is selected from the group consisting of: natural turpentine, synthetic turpentine, mineral turpentine, pine oil, \u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, \u03b1-terpineol, \u03b2-terpineol, 3-carene, anethole, dipentene (p-mentha-1,8-diene), terpene resins, nopol, pinane, camphene, p-cymene, anisaldeyde, 2-pinane hydroperoxide, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene, isobornyl acetate, terpin hydrate, ocimene, 2-pinanol, dihydromycenol, isoborneol, \u03b1-terpineol, alloocimene, alloocimene alcohols, geraniol, 2-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-7,8-epoxyoctane, camphor, p-menthan-8-ol, \u03b1-terpinyl acetate, citral, citronellol, 7-methoxydihydrocitronellal, 10-camphorsulphonic acid, p-methene, p-menthan-8-yl acetate, cintronellal, 7-hydroxydihydrocitronellal, menthol, menthone, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said turpentine fluid is selected from the group consisting of natural turpentine, synthetic turpentine, mineral turpentine, pine oil, \u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, \u03b1-terpineol, \u03b2-terpineol, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the additional step of contacting said extraction or separation mixture with a fluid which is immiscible with said turpentine fluid.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said second fluid is selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic alcohols, lower alkanes, lower aromatics, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, carbon bisulfide, or vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said second fluid is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentane, heptane, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, anathracene, tetraline, triethylamine, aniline, carbon bisulfide, soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and canola oil, and mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein said fluid immiscible with the turpentine fluid comprises water or steam.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof and said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid are contacted at a temperature of from about 2\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof and said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid are contacted at a pressure of from about 1.0\xd7104 Pascals (0.1 atm) to about 5.0\xd7106 Pascals (50.0 atm).
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing to said extraction mixture a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, metal oxides, metals, and mixtures thereof.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid is \u03b1-terpineol or synthetic turpentine.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid contains no added water.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid contains at least about 70% of said turpentine fluid.
18. The method of claim 2, wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid separated from said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter is recycled for reuse in said method.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid consists of a turpentine fluid and a turpentine-miscible second fluid.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of said turpentine fluid to said turpentine-miscible fluid in said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid is greater than or equal to 1:1.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein when said oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof is contacted with said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid, a homogeneous one-phase extraction fluid is formed.
22. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of steam soaking said hydrocarbon-containing material or an underground formation containing said hydrocarbon-containing material.
23. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of water-flooding an underground formation containing said hydrocarbon-containing material.
24. A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material, comprising a fossil fuel material selected from oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof, the method comprising:
contacting oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof with a hydrocarbon-extracting fluid comprising a turpentine fluid and a turpentine-miscible second fluid, said hydrocarbon-extracting fluid containing no added water, to form an extraction or separation mixture so as to extract or separate hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from said oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof into said turpentine fluid and form an extraction fluid comprising said turpentine fluid containing the extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter; and
separating said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a residual material not extracted, wherein the ratio of said turpentine fluid to said turpentine-miscible second fluid is greater than or equal to 1:1.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the additional step of contacting said extraction or separation mixture with a fluid which is immiscible with said turpentine fluid.
26. The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of steam soaking said hydrocarbon-containing material or an underground formation containing said hydrocarbon-containing material.
27. The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of water-flooding an underground formation containing said hydrocarbon-containing material.
28. A method of dissolving heavy oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof into a turpentine fluid, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a turpentine fluid selected from the group consisting of natural turpentine, synthetic turpentine, mineral turpentine, pine oil, \u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, \u03b1-terpineol, \u03b2-terpineol, 3-carene, anethole, dipentene (p-mentha-1,8-diene), terpene resins, nopol, pinane, camphene, p-cymene, anisaldeyde, 2-pinane hydroperoxide, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene, isobornyl acetate, terpin hydrate, ocimene, 2-pinanol, dihydromycenol, isoborneol, \u03b1-terpineol, alloocimene, alloocimene alcohols, geraniol, 2-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-7,8-epoxyoctane, camphor, p-menthan-8-ol, \u03b1-terpinyl acetate, citral, citronellol, 7-methoxydihydrocitronellal, 10-camphorsulphonic acid, p-methene, p-menthan-8-yl acetate, cintronellal, 7-hydroxydihydrocitronellal, menthol, menthone, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof;
contacting oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof with said turpentine fluid to form an extraction mixture so as to dissolve oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof into said turpentine fluid and form an extraction fluid comprising said turpentine fluid containing the dissolved oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof and at least one non-extracted residual material; and
separating said oil shale, coal, oil (tar) sands, or a combination thereof from said residual material.

1. A clutch for selectively driving a mechanism, the clutch comprising:
an engagement member movable between an engaged position for driving the mechanism and a disengaged position; and
an actuation assembly comprising
a first member pivotable about a pivot and cooperative with a control element for movement between a retaining position and a release position, and
a second member pivotable about the pivot between the retaining position and the release position, the second member extending towards the engagement member in the retaining position for maintaining the engagement member in the disengaged position,
wherein the second member is pivotable about the pivot independently of the first member such that the second member is rotatable relative to the first member.
2. The clutch of claim 1, further comprising a biasing member coupling the first member and the second member such that the first and second members resiliently follow each other in response to the control element.
3. The clutch of claim 2, wherein the biasing member comprises a spring.
4. The clutch of claim 2, further comprising a counter weight coupled to at least one of the first member andor the second member for redundantly urging the first and second members to the retaining position.
5. The clutch of claim 1, further comprising a third member pivotably coupled to the second member, the third member having a surface configured to contact the engagement member.
6. The clutch of claim 5, further comprising a biasing member coupled between the second and third members such that the third member resiliently engages the engagement member to hold the engagement member in the disengaged position.
7. The clutch of claim 1, wherein the first member includes first and second arms generally extending from the pivot, the first arm being coupled to the control element at an attachment point, wherein the second member includes third and fourth arms, the third arm extending towards the engagement member in the retaining position, the clutch further comprising a biasing member resiliently coupling the second arm and the fourth arm such that the first and second members resiliently follow each other in response to the control element.
8. The clutch of claim 7, further comprising a counter weight disposed on the fourth arm for redundantly urging the first and second members to the retaining position.
9. A clutch for selectively driving a mechanism, the clutch having a dog movable between an engaged position for driving the mechanism and a disengaged position, and a control movable between a retaining position for holding the dog in the disengaged position and a release position for releasing the dog to the engaged position, the clutch comprising:
an actuation assembly having a pivot, the actuation assembly pivotable about the pivot between the retaining position and the release position in response to the control, the actuation assembly comprising
a first member pivotable about the pivot between the retaining position and the release position, the first member coupled to the control for being moved between the retaining position and the release position; and
a second member pivotable about the pivot between the retaining position and the release position, the second member extending towards the dog in the retaining position for holding the dog in the disengaged position,
wherein the second member is coupled to the first member at the pivot such that the first and second members are independently pivotable about the pivot such that the actuation assembly is capable of flexing about the pivot to inhibit binding between the dog and the actuation assembly.
10. The clutch of claim 9, further comprising a biasing member resiliently coupling the first member and the second member such that the first and second members resiliently follow each other and are biased to return to a neutral position with respect to each other.
11. The clutch of claim 10, wherein the biasing member comprises a compression spring.
12. The clutch of claim 10, further comprising a counter weight coupled to at least one of the first member andor the second member for redundantly urging the first and second members to the neutral position with respect to each other.
13. The clutch of claim 9, further comprising a third member pivotably coupled to the second member, the third member having a surface engaging the dog to hold the dog in the disengaged position.
14. The clutch of claim 13, further comprising a biasing member coupled between the second and third members such that the third member resiliently engages the dog to hold the dog in the disengaged position.
15. The clutch of claim 9, wherein the first member includes first and second arms generally extending from the pivot, the first arm being coupled to the control at an attachment point, wherein the second member includes third and fourth arms, the third arm extending towards the dog in the retaining position, the clutch further comprising a biasing member resiliently coupling the second arm and the fourth arm such that the first and second members resiliently follow each other and are biased to return to a neutral position with respect to each other.
16. An actuator for engaging and disengaging a clutch mechanism, the clutch mechanism including a clutch engagement member, the actuator comprising:
a first member responsive to a control element for pivotal movement about a pivot point from a first position to a second position; and
a second member resiliently couplable to the first member for concurrent pivotal movement with the first member about the pivot point in response to the control element, the second member presenting a contact surface,
wherein the second member is pivotable relative to the first member about the pivot point in response to interaction between the contact surface and the clutch engagement member.
17. A clutch for selectively driving a mechanism, the clutch comprising:
a driven rotating member having a driving lug positioned on an inner annular surface and having an outer surface;
a dog movable between an engaged position wherein the dog is driven by the driving lug for driving the mechanism and a disengaged position wherein the dog is disengaged from the driving lug;
an actuation assembly having a pivot and movable between a retaining position for holding the dog in the disengaged position and a release position for releasing the dog to the engaged position, the actuation assembly comprising
a first member pivotable about the pivot between the retaining position and the release position, the first member having a follower configured to selectively follow the outer surface of the rotating member; and
a second member pivotable about the pivot between the retaining position and the release position, the second member extending towards the dog in the retaining position for holding the dog in the disengaged position,
wherein the second member is coupled to the first member at the pivot such that the first and second members are independently pivotable about the pivot such that the actuation assembly is capable of flexing about the pivot to inhibit binding between the dog and the actuation assembly.
18. The clutch of claim 17, further comprising a stop disposed on an outer surface of the rotating member, wherein the follower is configured to follow the outer surface and the stop, wherein the first member rotates about the pivot as the follower follows the stop.
19. The clutch of claim 17, further comprising a biasing member resiliently coupling the first member and the second member such that the first and second members resiliently follow each other and are biased to return to a neutral position with respect to each other.
20. The clutch of claim 19, further comprising a counter weight coupled to at least one of the first member andor the second member for redundantly urging the first and second members to the neutral position with respect to each other.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A positioning device for a hand-held setting tool (10) having an actuation switch (13) for actuating the setting tool (10), the positioning device comprising a rod-shaped holder (21) defining a longitudinal axis (A); connection means (22) for the setting tool (10) arranged at an end of the holder (21); and actuating switching means including an actuation element (24), a switching link (30) for connecting an actuation element (24) to the actuation switch (13) of the setting tool (10) and having first (34) and second (35) control elements, and a safety device (40) for preventing actuation of the actuation switch (13) at a predetermined orientation of the setting tool (10), the safety device (40) having a gravity-controlled intermediate element (41) having an actuation position in which it is positioned between the first controlling element (34) and the second controlling element (35), and an interruption position (16) in which it interrupts the switching link (30).
2. A positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the first controlling element (34) and the second controlling element (35) are mounted in a guide (2) for displacement along the longitudinal axis (A).
3. A positioning device according to claim 3, wherein a free space (36) for the intermediate element (41) is provided in a housing part (25) that extends radially circumferentially around an intermediate space (26) between the first controlling element (34) and the second controlling element (35) at least in an initial position of the holder (21).
4. A positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate element (41) is formed as a ball, and the first controlling element (34) has a depression (42) for receiving the ball.
5. A positioning device according to claim 4, wherein the depression (42) is funnel-shaped and forms a funnel surface (43), and wherein the funnel surface (43) adjoins flush a radial outer side with a conical surface (46) bordering the free space (36) on a side thereof remote from the second controlling element (35) in the initial position of the holder (21).
6. A positioning device according to claim 5, wherein the funnel surface (43) forms a first angle (\u03b1) to a normal (N) to the longitudinal axis (A) which corresponds, within a tolerance of \xb12 degrees, to a second angle (\u03b2) of the conical surface (46) to the normal (N) to the longitudinal axis (A).
7. A positioning device according to claim 6, wherein the first angle (a) amounts to between 15\xb0 and 30\xb0.
8. A positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate element (41) is formed as a pivotal body which is pivotally mounted at the second controlling element (35) by a pivot connection (45).
9. A positioning device according to claim 8, wherein the pivot connection (45) is formed by a flexible bearing element (44) which connects the pivotal body to the second controlling element (35).
10. A positioning device according to claim 8, wherein the pivotal body has a circumferentially extending conical sliding surface (47) at its axial end opposite the pivot connection (45), and another circumferentially extending conical sliding surface (48) is provided at the end of the first controlling element (34) located opposite to the axial end.