Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy characterized in that substances with 80% far infrared emission rate are embedded to the substrate of said filter element of said air filter at a proper ratio between 1 and 50%, thereby forming a main body whose form and thickness are adapted to the design requirement of all kinds of internal combustion engines for use of the air filter thereof.
2. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture rate of said far infrared emission substances with said substrate amounts preferably to 230%.
3. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said far infrared emission substances of said main body are made by mixing aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), antimony oxide (SnO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), cobalt oxide (CoO), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and silicium carbide (SiC) at the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1 and thereafter formed by sintering and grinding procedures.
4. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said far infrared emission substances of said main body are made by mixing aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), antimony oxide (SnO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), cobalt oxide (CoO), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and silicium carbide (SiC) at the ratio of 3:3:3:1:1:2:2 and thereafter formed by sintering and grinding procedures.
5. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of said far infrared emission substances amounts to 0.0130 m.
6. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is made of pulp.
7. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is made of single polymer material.
8. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is polyethyle.
9. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is polypropylene.
10. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is polyurethane.
11. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is nylon.
12. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is made of composite polymer material.
13. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molecular cluster of water in the moisture-containing air can be made tiny by means of said filter element of said air filter with far infrared energy, thereby increasing the freedom of the oxygen-containing particles and enlarging the contact surface of the oil gas with the air so that it’s easier that the oxygen-containing particles and the oil gas are evenly mixed for reaching an optimal mixture ratio of the original design standard and the combustion in the engine can be complete, thereby enhancing the vacuum degree of a vacuum pump for a smooth and flat braking.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of reducing corrosion in a petrochemical process comprising a stream having at least one hydrocarbon, water and at least one mineral acid, the method comprising:
contacting the stream with a composition comprising at least one amine having a pKa between about 10.5 to about 12, where the amine does not contain oxygen and has a normal boiling point greater than 95\xb0 C.; and
forming amine salts that are less corrosive as compared to amine salts that would otherwise form without the contacting of the composition with the at least one amine.
2. The method of claim 1 where the amount of the at least one amine is at least an amount that is approximately stoichiometrically functionally equivalent to the at least one mineral acid present in the stream.
3. The method of claim 1 where the amount of the at least one amine is between about 0.1 and about 300 ppm based on the stream.
4. The method of claim 1 where the stream is selected from the group consisting of a desalted crude oil stream, a distillation overhead stream and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 where the stream additionally comprises H2S.
6. The method of claim 1 where the composition has an absence of amides.
7. The method of claim 1 where the at least one amine has a pKa between about 10.7 and about 11.4.
8. The method of claim 1 where the at least one amine is selected from the group consisting of dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-sec-butylamine, di-tert-butylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 where the stream further comprises a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a tramp amine, a residual amine, a volatile amine and combinations thereof capable of forming at least one corrosive salt with the at least one mineral acid, where the at least one amine is different from the tramp amine, residual amine or volatile amine, and the amount of amine is greater than total amount of nitrogen-containing compound, to give a treated stream.
10. The method of claim 9 where the pH of the water of the treated stream is about 5.5 to about 7.5 when the water of the treated stream is sampled after the at least one amine has sufficiently reacted with the mineral acid.
11. The method of claim 9 where the tramp amine, residual amine or volatile amine is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diglycolamine, ethylene diamine, methoxypropylamine, diethylaminoethanol and combinations thereof.
12. A method of reducing corrosion in a petrochemical process comprising a stream having at least one hydrocarbon, water and at least one mineral acid, the method comprising:
contacting the stream with a composition comprising at least one amine having a pKa between about 10.5 to about 12, where the amine does not contain oxygen and is selected from the group consisting of dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-sec-butylamine, di-tert-butylamine, and combinations thereof, where the at least one amine has a normal boiling point greater than 95\xb0 C. and where the amount of the at least one amine is at least an amount that is approximately stoichiometrically functionally equivalent to the at least one mineral acid present in the stream; and
forming amine salts that are less corrosive as compared to amine salts that would otherwise form without the contacting of the composition with the at least one amine.

1-10. (canceled)
11. A permanent magnet synchronous motor, comprising:
a rotor having a rotor core in which plural NdFe rare-earth segment permanent magnets are provided at an outer periphery, supported so as to rotate freely; and
a stator having stator windings and a stator core, provided at the outside of the rotor through a gap,
wherein, when a gap length between the outer periphery of the permanent magnet and an inner periphery of the stator core is \u201cL\u201d (mm) and a thickness of the central portion of the permanent magnet in the motor rotation direction is \u201ct\u201d (mm), the gap length \u201cL\u201d and the thickness \u201ct\u201d are set in a range of
L=0.6 to 0.7 mm,t(t+L)=0.77 to 0.85.
wherein the thickness of both end portions of the permanent magnet \u201ce\u201d (mm) is set in a range of 0.4\u2266et\u22660.70
wherein, when the number of poles of the permanent magnets is \u201cP\u201d, and the number of slots of the stator is \u201cN\u201d, the number of poles \u201cP\u201d and the number of slots \u201cN\u201d are set so that:
P:N=5n:6n or 7n:6n (\u201cn\u201d is an integer equal to 2 or more) and
wherein remanent flux density Br of the permanent magnet is set in a range of
Br\u22671.2T.
12. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 11,
wherein the number of poles of the permanent magnets is set to 10, and the number of slots of the stator is set to 12.
13. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 11,
wherein the stator core has a configuration in which laminated steel sheets overlap one another at contact portions of split cores as well as are coupled by circular projections provided at overlapped portions to rotate one another.
14. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 13,
wherein rotation lamination is performed to the stator core.
15. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 11,
wherein the stator core is configured by a coupled core in which plural core portions are coupled in a belt shape.
16. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 11,
wherein the motor is for an electric power steering system.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of treating a subterranean formation in a well comprising:
a. providing an aqueous medium comprised at least in part of oilfield produced water comprising at least enzymes, microorganisms or combinations thereof;
b. contacting the aqueous medium with a zirconium compound to at least inactivate the enzymes, the microorganisms or combinations thereof;
c. energizing the combination of the aqueous medium and the inorganic zirconium compound with a gas;
d. introducing the combination in to the well; and
e. allowing the combination to contact the formation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous medium is oilfield produced water exclusively.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the zirconium compound is an organo-zirconium compound.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
introducing proppant in to the well; whereby the combination of the aqueous medium and zirconium compound allows better transport capability of the proppant in to the formation compared to the aqueous medium alone.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, or combined.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the organo-zirconium compound is selected from the group consisting of zirconium acetate, zirconyl acetate, zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium glycolate, zirconium lactate, zirconium naphthenate, sodium zirconium lactate, triethanolamine zirconium, zirconium propionate, hydrates thereof and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the zirconium compound is an inorganic zirconium compound.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the inorganic zirconium compound is selected from the group consisting of zirconium nitrate, zirconyl chloride, zirconium phosphate, zirconium potassium chloride, zirconium potassium fluoride, zirconium potassium sulfate, zirconium pyrophosphate, zirconium sulfate, zirconium tetrachloride, zirconium tetrafluoride, zirconium tetrabromide, zirconium tetraiodide, zirconyl carbonate, zirconyl hydroxynitrate, zirconyl sulfate, zirconium complexed with amino acids, zirconium complexed with phosphonic acids, hydrates thereof and combinations thereof.