Author: claimsbot

1. A fringe maker for winding yarns to make a fringe, comprising:
an elongated base having a pair of spaced crank and idler support member recesses interconnected by a longitudinal winding rod recess;
a pair of crank and idler support members pivotally connected to said base within respective of said crank and idler support member recesses each having an upright operating position stopped against said base and a horizontal storage position disposed within said support member recesses that each define a storage area thereunder;
a pair of crank and idler winding arms each having a central area rotatably connectable to respective of said support members while in said operating positions to rotate about a horizontal axis;
a pair of elongated winding rods disposable in at least one spaced relationship equidistant from and at opposite sides of said axis to interconnect said winding arms and form a removable winding unit;
a hand crank adapted for coaxially hand-driving said crank winding arm; and
wherein the fringe is made by rotating said hand crank to wind the yarns around said winding rods, removing said winding unit with wound yarns from said base with support members for sewing a retaining seam to complete the fringe, and removing the fringe by disassembling said winding rods from said winding arms, said winding arms, said winding rods, and said hand crank being storable within said storage areas.
2. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein the base has at least one feature chosen from the group consisting of a gripping slot, a gripping recess, a hanging hole, and a handle recess connected to the crank member recess.
3. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein the base is of a construction chosen from the group consisting of a single piece and respective upper and lower bases that are affixed together.
4. The fringe maker of claim 3, wherein the upper base has a plurality of slots which the lower base covers to form the recesses.
5. The fringe maker of claim 4, wherein the upper base comprises a pair of edge-joined halves.
6. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein the support members each comprise an upper section and a lower section pivotally connected to the base using a plurality of pivot pins.
7. The fringe maker of claim 6, wherein the upper sections are of generally rectangular shape and the lower sections are thicker and longitudinally tapered with a rounded bottom.
8. The fringe maker of claim 6, wherein the upper sections are laterally inwardly tapered.
9. The fringe maker of claim 6, wherein the pivot pins are each spring-biased from a retracted position disposed within a pivot bore to an extended position also disposed within an adjacent coaxial pivot bore to facilitate initial assembly.
10. The fringe maker of claim 1, further comprising:
a retaining device; and
wherein the crank support member has a crank-receiving slot that closely rotatably receives the hand crank and a retaining device receiving hole that intersects said slot to receive said retaining device and retain said hand crank thereto.
11. The fringe maker of claim 10, wherein the retaining device is chosen from the group consisting of a spring plunger and a retaining pin received within the retaining device receiving hole of the crank support member.
12. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein the central area of the idler winding arm is rotatably connectable to the idler support member using a rotation pin that extends into respective pivot bores thereof.
13. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein the hand crank includes a drive rod having a crank leg coaxially affixed to the central area of the crank winding arm and to a parallel, oppositely disposed handle leg through a connecting leg, and a gripping handle connected to said handle leg.
14. The fringe maker of claim 13, wherein the crank leg has a distal end with a drive spline coaxially affixed within a pivot bore in the central area of the crank winding arm.
15. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein the winding arms each have two pluralities of rod-receiving bores that closely receive opposite ends of the winding rods in a plurality of the spaced relationships.
16. The fringe maker of claim 15, wherein the winding arms each comprise a support section of truncated triangular shape that includes the central areas and a dependent rod section of rectangular shape having the rod-receiving bores.
17. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein each winding rod is of a cross-section chosen from the group consisting of circular, rectangular, polygonal, and oblong.
18. The fringe maker of claim 1, further comprising a middle winding arm that connects to and reinforces the winding rods intermediate the winding arms.
19. The fringe maker of claim 18, wherein the middle winding arm has a pair of end slots and two pluralities of side slots that closely receive the winding rods in a plurality of the spaced relationships.
20. The fringe maker of claim 19, wherein the end slots are at such a spacing and the side slots are angled inwardly so as to snap-fit to the winding rods.
21. The fringe maker of claim 1, further comprising:
a bendable ruler; and
wherein the base has a ruler recess that closely receives said ruler when in a straight configuration.
22. The fringe maker of claim 1, wherein the base, the support members, the winding arms, the winding rods, and the hand crank are made of materials chosen from the group consisting of wooden boards, plywood, wood and plastic veneer, particle board, molded plastic, sheet plastic, stainless steel rod, and plated carbon steel rod.
23. A fringe maker for winding yarns to make a fringe, comprising:
an elongated base having a pair of spaced crank and idler support member recesses interconnected by a longitudinal winding rod recess, and a ruler recess, said base being of a construction chosen from the group consisting of a single piece and respective upper and lower bases that are affixed together;
a bendable ruler that when in a straight configuration closely fits within said ruler recess for storage;
a pair of crank and idler support members each comprising an upper section of generally rectangular shape and a thicker lower section that is longitudinally tapered with a rounded bottom pivotally connected to said base within respective of said crank and idler support member recesses using a plurality of pivot pins, said crank support member having a crank-receiving slot and a retaining device receiving hole that intersects said slot, said idler support member having a pivot bore, with each support member having an upright operating position stopped against said base and a horizontal storage position disposed within said support member recesses that each define a storage area thereunder;
a pair of elongated winding rods each of a cross-section chosen from the group consisting of circular, rectangular, polygonal, and oblong;
a pair of crank and idler winding arms each comprising a support section of truncated triangular shape having a central area with a pivot bore rotatably connectable respectively to said crank and idler support members while in said operating positions to rotate about a horizontal axis and a dependent rod section of rectangular shape having two pluralities of rod-receiving bores that closely receive opposite ends of said winding rods disposed in a plurality of spaced relationships equidistant from and at opposite sides of said axis to interconnect said winding arms to form a removable winding unit, said central area of said idler winding arm being rotatably connectable to said idler support member using a rotation pin that extends into said pivot bores thereof;
a retaining device;
a hand crank that includes a drive rod having a crank leg with splined distal end coaxially affixed within said pivot bore for hand-driving said crank winding arm and a parallel, oppositely disposed handle leg interconnected through a connecting leg, and a gripping handle connected to said handle leg, said crank leg being closely rotatably receivable within said crank-receiving slot of said crank support member retained thereto by said retaining device received in said retaining device receiving hole;
a middle winding arm having a pair of end slots, two pluralities of side slots that closely receive said winding rods in said spaced relationships, and a clearance bore centrally disposed thereon to receive said rotation pin of said idler winding arm during storage, said end slots being at such a spacing and said side slots being angled inwardly so as to snap-fit to and reinforce said winding rods intermediate said winding arms;
wherein the fringe is made by rotating said hand crank to wind the yarns around said winding rods, removing said winding unit with wound yarns from said base with support members for sewing a retaining seam to complete the fringe, and removing the fringe by disassembling said winding rods from said winding arms, said winding arms, said winding rods, and said hand crank being storable within said storage areas.
24. The fringe maker of claim 23, wherein the base has at least one feature chosen from the group consisting of a gripping slot, a gripping recess, a hanging hole, and a handle recess connected to one of the support member recesses, the upper base comprises a pair of edge-joined halves having a plurality of slots which the lower base covers to form said recesses, the pivot pins are each spring-biased from a retracted position disposed within one pivot bore to an extended position also disposed within an adjacent pivot bore to facilitate initial assembly, the retaining device is chosen from the group consisting of a spring plunger and a retaining pin received within the retaining device receiving hole of the crank support member, and said base, the support members, the winding arms, the winding rods, and the hand crank are made of materials chosen from the group consisting of wooden boards, plywood, wood and plastic veneer, particle board, molded plastic, sheet plastic, stainless steel rod, and plated carbon steel rod.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method comprising:
forming a flash memory with straight word lines and bitlines.
2. The method of claim 1 including forming a source strap cell to make contact to a source region of the flash memory.
3. The method of claim 2 including forming said source strap cell with a vertical via to contact the source.
4. The method of claim 3 including using an identically formed via to contact the drain.
5. The method of claim 4 including forming a source contact diffusion associated with said via.
6. The method of claim 5 including merging said source contact diffusion to the source of a flash memory cell.
7. The method of claim 6 including forming said source contact diffusion to extend under a gate electrode.
8. The method of claim 6 including forming said source contact diffusion using an angled implant.
9. The method of claim 1 including embedding source contacts between drain contacts.
10. The method of claim 9 including forming said source contacts identically to said drain contacts.
11. A flash memory comprising:
an array of bitlines; and
an array of word lines transverse to said bitlines, said word lines and said bitlines being straight and free of offsets.
12. The memory of claim 11 including a plurality of via contacts, said memory including a plurality of cells each including a source and a drain.
13. The memory of claim 12 wherein said via contacts to said source and said drain are the same.
14. The memory of claim 13 including a source contact diffusion electrically coupled to said via.
15. The memory of claim 14 wherein said source contact diffusion is electrically coupled to said source.
16. The memory of claim 15 wherein said cells include gates and said source contact diffusions extend under said gates.
17. The memory of claim 16 including providing source contacts between drain contacts.
18. A system comprising:
a processor;
a flash memory coupled to said processor, said flash memory including transverse word lines and bitlines, said word lines and bitlines being straight and free of divergence; and
a wireless interface coupled to said processor.
19. The system of claim 18 wherein said flash memory includes vertical vias, sources, drains, and gates.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein said vias to said sources and drains are the same.
21. The system of claim 19 including a source contact diffusion coupled to one of said vias.
22. The system of claim 21 wherein said source contact diffusion contacts said source.

1. A method of detecting abnormal traffic at a node of a communications network equipped with an intrusion detectionprevention system (IDSIPS), the method comprising:
monitoring the status of a traffic flow input to said node to establish when said traffic flow carries suspicious data traffic, by looking only at a subset of data traffic in said traffic flow, wherein the step of monitoring comprises:
assigning a risk class from a plurality of risk classes to said traffic flow based on vulnerabilities recognized for a protocol used by said traffic flow, the plurality of risk classes including an \u201cat risk\u201d class or a \u201cnot at risk\u201d class,
measuring a rate of the subset of data traffic in said traffic flow, and
comparing the rate of said subset of data traffic to a first threshold if said traffic flow belongs to the \u201cat risk\u201d class,
comparing the rate of said subset of data traffic to a second threshold if said traffic flow belongs to the \u201cnot at risk\u201d class, wherein the first threshold is lower than the second threshold,
flagging said traffic flow as a suspicious traffic flow when the rate of the subset of data traffic is above a respective one of said first and second thresholds; and
triggering an early notification once the status of said traffic flow is flagged as a suspicious traffic flow.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
further monitoring the status of said suspicious traffic flow by looking at a specified parameter of said suspicious traffic flow to determine when said suspicious traffic flow is an under attack traffic flow;
updating the status of said suspicious traffic flow from suspicious to under attack, and flagging said suspicious traffic flow as an under attack traffic flow; and
sending said under attack traffic flow to the IDSIPS to perform a mitigating action.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said subset of data traffic includes a plurality of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets in said traffic flow.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein said specified parameter is the rate of said suspicious traffic flow.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of further monitoring comprises:
measuring the rate of said suspicious traffic flow; and
comparing the rate of said suspicious traffic flow with a further threshold for establishing if the status of said suspicious traffic flow is \u201cunder attack\u201d.
6. For a network node of a communication network equipped with an intrusion detectionprevention system (IDSIPS), a method of detecting abnormal traffic, the method comprising:
maintaining a service status table with a status for a traffic flow input to said network node;
classifying said traffic flow into a risk class based on vulnerabilities recognized for a protocol used by said traffic flow, the risk class being either an \u201cat risk\u201d class or a \u201cnot at risk\u201d class;
evaluating the status of said traffic flow as \u201csuspicious\u201d or \u201cnon-suspicious\u201d based on the risk class assigned to said traffic flow, wherein the step of evaluating comprises:
separating Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets from said traffic flow,
rate monitoring said ICMP packets,
comparing the rate of said ICMP packets to a first threshold if said traffic flow belongs to the \u201cat risk\u201d class,
comparing the rate of said ICMP packets to a second threshold if said traffic flow belongs to the \u201cnot at risk\u201d class, wherein the first threshold is lower than the second threshold, and
determining that said traffic flow is \u201csuspicious\u201d when the rate of said ICMP packets exceeds a respective one of said first and second thresholds;

updating said service status table whenever the status of said traffic flow changes from a \u201cnon-suspicious\u201d state to a \u201csuspicious\u201d state and flagging said traffic flow as a suspicious traffic flow;
further evaluating the status of said suspicious traffic flow to identify an \u201cunder attack\u201d status or a \u201cnot under attack\u201d status;
further updating the status of said suspicious traffic flow to an \u201cunder attack\u201d status, and flagging said suspicious traffic flow as an under attack traffic flow; and
routing said under attack traffic flow to said IDSIPS.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of evaluating further comprises generating an early traffic status notifier whenever said ICMP rate exceeds a respective one of said first and second thresholds.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of further evaluating comprises:
measuring the rate of said suspicious traffic flow;
comparing the rate of said suspicious traffic flow against a third threshold; and
generating an under attack traffic notifier whenever the rate of said suspicious traffic flow exceeds said third threshold.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said third threshold is selected according to a transmission protocol used by said traffic flow.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of routing comprises identifying a type of attack and, based on the type of attack, performing a mitigating action on said traffic flow.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the mitigating action is one of:
discarding said under attack traffic flow altogether,
rate limiting the rate of said under attack traffic flow,
rate limiting packets in said under attack traffic flow matching an attack signature, and
rate limiting packets in said under attack traffic flow found via packet inspection.
12. A system for abnormal traffic detection with early notification (ATDEN) comprising:
maintaining a service status table with a service status for a traffic flow input to a communication node;
classifying said traffic flow into a risk class based on vulnerabilities recognized for a protocol used by said traffic flow, the risk class being either an \u201cat risk\u201d class or a \u201cnot at risk\u201d class;
a monitor that evaluates the status of said traffic flow and updating said service status table whenever the status of the traffic flow changes, wherein the monitor comprises:
separating Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets from said traffic flow,
an ICMP rate monitor that monitors said ICMP packets, wherein said ICMP rate monitor:
comparing the rate of said ICMP packets against a first threshold for said \u201cat risk\u201d class and against a second threshold for said \u201cnot at risk\u201d class, and
determines that said traffic flow is \u201csuspicious\u201d when the rate of said ICMP packets exceeds a respective one of said first and second thresholds; and

a traffic discriminator that routes said traffic flow to an output of said system, to said monitor if said traffic flow has a \u201csuspicious\u201d state and to an intrusion detectionprevention system (IDSIPS) to perform a mitigating action, if said traffic flow has an \u201cunder attack\u201d status.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein said monitor further comprises a traffic rate monitor that measures the rate of said traffic flow against a third threshold, and generating an \u201cunder attack\u201d notifier whenever the rate of said traffic flow exceeds said third threshold.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A composition comprising a biologically active substance (BAS) and a multiplicity of different citric acid esters (CAE) andor citric acid ethers, wherein the amount of the CAE or the ether in the composition is sufficient to dissolve, disperse, emulsify, or suspend the entire amount of the BAS in the composition, and wherein the concentration of CAEs and citric acid ethers in the composition is higher than the concentration of any other constituent in the composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 which is a pharmaceutical composition packaged for parenteral administration into the body of a patient, for oral administration to a patient, or for topical administration to a body surface of a patient.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the administration is intravascular, intrathecal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intracavitary.
4. The composition of claim 2 wherein the topical administration is to the skin, to a mucosal surface, to the surface of the eye, to the nasal passages, or to the external ear.
5. The composition of claim 1 which is a liquid.
6. The composition of claim 1 which is a semi-solid, a gel, a paste, or a solid.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 3% ww.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 10% ww.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 25% ww.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 50% ww.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the CAE is hydrophobic.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophobic.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophilic.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein at least one of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein each of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
16. A composition comprising a biologically active substance (BAS) and a citric acid ester (CAE) or a citric acid ether, wherein the amount of the CAE or the ether in the composition is sufficient to dissolve, disperse, emulsify, or suspend the entire amount of the BAS in the composition, wherein the composition comprises a multiplicity of different BASs.
17. The composition of claim 16 wherein the composition comprises a multiplicity of different CAEs andor citric acid ethers.
18. A composition comprising a biologically active substance (BAS), a citric acid ester (CAE) or a citric acid ether, wherein the amount of the CAE or the ether in the composition is sufficient to dissolve, disperse, emulsify, or suspend the entire amount of the BAS, and a wax that is solid at room temperature.
19. A kit for treatment or prevention of a medical condition by administration of a pharmaceutical composition containing a biologically active substance (BAS) dissolved, dispersed, emulsified, or suspended in a citric acid ester andor citric acid ether vehicle, the kit comprising a packaging, a biologically active substance within a container within the packaging, a citric acid ester (CAE) andor a citric acid ether within a container within the packaging, and instructions within or on the packaging for applying the BAS and the CAE andor citric acid ether into the body or onto a body part of a patient, wherein the amounts of the BAS and CAE andor citric acid ether within the packaging are such that the CAE andor citric acid ether is sufficient to completely dissolve, disperse, emulsify, or suspend the BAS.
20. The kit of claim 19 wherein the BAS and the CAE andor citric acid ether are housed within a single container within the packaging.
21. The kit of claim 19 wherein the BAS and the CAE andor citric acid ether are housed in separate containers within the packaging.
22. The kit of claim 19 wherein the concentration of CAE and citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 3% ww.
23. The kit of claim 22 wherein the concentration of CAE and citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 10% ww.
24. The kit of claim 23 wherein the concentration of CAE and citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 25% ww.
25. The kit of claim 19 wherein the concentration of CAE and citric acid ether in the composition is higher than that of any other components of the composition.
26. The kit of claim 19 wherein the CAE is hydrophobic.
27. The kit of claim 19 wherein the CAE is hydrophilic.
28. The kit of claim 19 wherein the CAE or ether is a multiplicity of CAEs andor citric acid ethers.
29. The kit of claim 28 wherein at least one of the CAEs is hydrophobic.
30. The kit of claim 19 wherein the CAE is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
31. The kit of claim 28 wherein at least one of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
32. The kit of claim 31 wherein each of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
33. The kit of claim 19 wherein the instructions are for internal administration into the body of a patient.
34. The kit of claim 33 wherein the administration is parenteral.
35. The kit of claim 19 wherein the instructions are for topical administration onto a body part of a patient.
36. The kit of claim 35 wherein the administration is to the skin, to a mucosal surface, to a serosal surface, to the surface of the eye, to the nose, to the ear, oral, intravaginal, or rectal.
37. The composition of claim 16 which is a pharmaceutical composition packaged for parenteral administration into the body of a patient, for oral administration to a patient, or for topical administration to a body surface of a patient.
38. The composition of claim 37 wherein the administration is intravascular, intrathecal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intracavitary.
39. The composition of claim 37 wherein the topical administration is to the skin, to a mucosal surface, to the surface of the eye, to the nasal passages, or to the external ear.
40. The composition of claim 16 which is a liquid.
41. The composition of claim 16 which is a semi-solid, a gel, a paste, or a solid.
42. The composition of claim 16 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 3% ww.
43. The composition of claim 42 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 10% ww.
44. The composition of claim 43 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 25% ww.
45. The composition of claim 44 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 50% ww.
46. The composition of claim 16 wherein the CAE is hydrophobic.
47. The composition of claim 16 wherein the composition comprises a multiplicity of different CAEs andor citric acid ethers.
48. The composition of claim 47 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophobic.
49. The composition of claim 47 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophilic.
50. The composition of claim 16 wherein at least one of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
51. The composition of claim 16 wherein each of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
52. The composition of claim 18 wherein the concentration of CAEs and citric acid ethers in the composition is higher than the concentration of any other constituent in the composition.
53. The composition of claim 18 which is a pharmaceutical composition packaged for parenteral administration into the body of a patient, for oral administration to a patient, or for topical administration to a body surface of a patient.
54. The composition of claim 53 wherein the administration by intravascular, intrathecal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intracavitary parenteral administration.
55. The composition of claim 53 wherein the topical administration is to the skin, to a mucosal surface, to the surface of the eye, to the nasal passages, or to the external ear.
56. The composition of claim 18 which is a liquid.
57. The composition of claim 18 which is a semi-solid, a gel, a paste, or a solid.
58. The composition of claim 18 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 3% ww.
59. The composition of claim 58 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 10% ww.
60. The composition of claim 59 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 25% ww.
61. The composition of claim 60 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 50% ww.
62. The composition of claim 18 wherein the CAE is hydrophobic.
63. The composition of claim 18 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophobic.
64. The composition of claim 18 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophilic.
65. The composition of claim 18 wherein at least one of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
66. A composition comprising a biologically active substance (BAS) and a multiplicity of different citric acid esters (CAE) andor citric acid ethers, wherein the amount of the CAE or the ether in the composition is sufficient to dissolve, disperse, emulsify, or suspend the entire amount of the BAS in the composition wherein each of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.
67. The composition of claim 66, wherein the concentration of CAEs and citric acid ethers in the composition is higher than the concentration of any other constituent in the composition.
68. The composition of claim 66 which is a pharmaceutical composition packaged for parenteral administration into the body of a patient, for oral administration to a patient, or for topical administration to a body surface of a patient.
69. The composition of claim 68 wherein the administration is by intravascular, intrathecal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intracavitary parenteral administration.
70. The composition of claim 68 wherein the topical administration is to the skin, to a mucosal surface, to the surface of the eye, to the nasal passages, or to the external ear.
71. The composition of claim 66 which is a liquid.
72. The composition of claim 66 which is a semi-solid, a gel, a paste, or a solid.
73. The composition of claim 66 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 3% ww.
74. The composition of claim 73 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 10% ww.
75. The composition of claim 74 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 25% ww.
76. The composition of claim 75 wherein the concentration of the CAE and the citric acid ether in the composition is greater than 50% ww.
77. The composition of claim 66 wherein the CAE is hydrophobic.
78. The composition of claim 66 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophobic.
79. The composition of claim 66 wherein one or more of the CAEs is hydrophilic.
80. The composition of claim 66 wherein at least one of the CAEs is selected from the group consisting of triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, and butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate.