Author: claimsbot

1. A compound, comprising a tungsten bronze structure metal oxide, wherein: the tungsten bronze structure metal oxide contains at least metal elements of Ba, Bi, Ca, and Nb, the metal elements satisfying the following conditions in terms of molar ratio; and has a C-axis orientation:
BaNb=a: 0.363<a<0.399;
BiNb=b: 0.0110<b<0.0650; and
CaNb=c: 0.005<c<0.105.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten bronze structure metal oxide comprises (1\u2212x)\xb7Ca1.4Ba3.6Nb10O30\u2212x\xb7Ba4Bi0.67Nb10O30 (0.30\u2266x\u22660.95).
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten bronze structure metal oxide has a Lotgering factor F, which indicates an orientation degree of a diffraction peak (001), of 0.30 or more and 1.00 or less in an X-ray diffraction method.
4. A piezoelectric material, comprising the compound according to claim 1.
5. A production method for a compound, comprising:
(A) providing a slurry in which powder of a tungsten bronze structure metal oxide obtained by forming a solid solution of at least metal elements of Ba, Bi, Ca, and Nb is dispersed;
(B) providing a molded body by placing the slurry on a base, orienting the slurry by subjecting the slurry to rotational magnetic field treatment, and then drying the slurry; and
(C) sintering the molded body.
6. A production method for a compound according to claim 5, wherein a surface of the base in the (B) providing a molded body has an undercoat layer formed of a tungsten bronze structure metal oxide obtained by forming a solid solution of at least metal elements of Ba, Bi, Ca, and Nb.
7. A production method for a compound according to claim 5, wherein a surface of the base in the (B) providing a molded body has an undercoat layer formed of a tungsten bronze structure metal oxide obtained by forming a solid solution of at least metal elements of Ba, Bi, Ca, Nb, and Mn.
8. A production method for a compound according to claim 6, wherein the undercoat layer is oriented.
9. A piezoelectric element, comprising the piezoelectric material according to claim 4 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. (canceled)
2. A set screw for use with a block including a bore having one or more block threads disposed along a threaded block area of the bore and extending radially inwardly within the bore, the threaded block area including a threaded block length measured longitudinally along the bore, the set screw comprising:
a set screw body including a first screw end and a second screw end;
one or more set screw threads extending radially outwardly from the set screw body and disposed along a threaded set screw area of the set screw body, the threaded set screw area extending from the first screw end toward the second screw end and including a first length measured longitudinally along the set screw body; and
an abutment extending radially outwardly from the set screw body proximate the second screw end and longitudinally separated from the threaded set screw area by an unthreaded set screw area of the set screw body, the unthreaded set screw area including a second length measured longitudinally along the set screw body, wherein:
the one or more set screw threads are configured to threadably engage the one or more block threads, the first screw end being configured to fit within and pass through an opening of the bore in order to insert the set screw into the bore; and
the abutment of the set screw is sized and shaped to abut, but not threadably engage with, the one or more block threads to inhibit movement of the set screw outwardly past the threaded block area away from the opening of the bore to thereby inhibit removal of the set screw from the bore.
3. The set screw of claim 2, wherein the second length of the unthreaded set screw area is shorter than the threaded block length.
4. The set screw of claim 3, wherein the unthreaded set screw area is sized so that an entirety of the threaded block area can be disposed within the unthreaded set screw area between the threaded set screw area and the abutment, such that, with the threaded block area disposed within the unthreaded set screw area:
if turned in a first direction with respect to the block, the set screw is freely rotatable within the bore, but retained within the bore as the abutment of the set screw abuts the one or more block threads; and
if turned in a second direction, opposite the first direction, with respect to the block, the one or more set screw threads are threadably engageable with the one or more block threads to move the set screw in an inward direction toward the opening of the bore.
5. The set screw of claim 2, wherein the abutment is integrally formed with the set screw body.
6. The set screw of claim 2, wherein the set screw body includes a cylindrical shape.
7. The set screw of claim 2, wherein the set screw body is substantially tubular.
8. The set screw of claim 2, wherein the abutment is disposed proximate a distal end of the set screw body.
9. The set screw of claim 2, wherein the threaded set screw area is disposed at a proximal end of the set screw body.
10. The set screw of claim 2, comprising a tool engagement opening configured to accept at least a portion of a tool within the tool engagement opening to facilitate rotation of the set screw with respect to the block.
11. The set screw of claim 10, wherein the tool engagement opening is configured to allow engagement of at least the portion of the tool with the tool engagement opening from the first end of the set screw body and from the second end of the set screw body.
12. The set screw of claim 10, wherein the tool engagement opening extends entirely through the set screw body to allow engagement of at least the portion of the tool with the tool engagement opening from the first end of the set screw body and from the second end of the set screw body.
13. An apparatus for use with a block including a bore having one or more block threads disposed along a threaded block area of the bore and extending radially inwardly within the bore, the threaded block area including a threaded block length measured longitudinally along the bore, the apparatus comprising:
a body including a first end and a second end;
one or more threads extending radially outwardly from the body and disposed along a threaded area of the body, the threaded area extending from the first end toward the second end and including a first length measured longitudinally along the body; and
an abutment extending radially outwardly from the body proximate the second end and longitudinally separated from the threaded area by an unthreaded area of the body, the unthreaded area including a second length measured longitudinally along the body, wherein:
the one or more threads are configured to threadably engage the one or more block threads, the first end being configured to fit within and pass through an opening of the bore in order to insert the apparatus into the bore; and
the abutment of the apparatus is sized and shaped to abut, but not threadably engage with, the one or more block threads to inhibit movement of the apparatus outwardly past the threaded block area away from the opening of the bore to thereby inhibit removal of the apparatus from the bore.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the second length of the unthreaded area is shorter than the threaded block length, the unthreaded area sized so that an entirety of the threaded block area can be disposed within the unthreaded area between the threaded area and the abutment, such that, with the threaded block area disposed within the unthreaded area:
if turned in a first direction with respect to the block, the apparatus is freely rotatable within the bore, but retained within the bore as the abutment of the apparatus abuts the one or more block threads; and
if turned in a second direction, opposite the first direction, with respect to the block, the one or more threads are threadably engageable with the one or more block threads to move the apparatus in an inward direction toward the opening of the bore.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, comprising a tool engagement opening configured to accept at least a portion of a tool within the tool engagement opening to facilitate rotation of the apparatus with respect to the block.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the tool engagement opening is configured to allow engagement of at least the portion of the tool with the tool engagement opening from the first end of the body and from the second end of the body.
17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the tool engagement opening extends entirely through the body to allow engagement of at least the portion of the tool with the tool engagement opening from the first end of the body and from the second end of the body.
18. A set screw for use with a block including a bore having one or more block threads disposed along a threaded block area of the bore and extending radially inwardly within the bore, the threaded block area including a threaded block length measured longitudinally along the bore, the set screw comprising:
a set screw body including a first screw end and a second screw end;
one or more set screw threads extending radially outwardly from the set screw body and disposed along a threaded set screw area of the set screw body, the threaded set screw area extending from the first screw end toward the second screw end and including a first length measured longitudinally along the set screw body;
an abutment extending radially outwardly from the set screw body proximate the second screw end and longitudinally separated from the threaded set screw area by an unthreaded set screw area of the set screw body, the unthreaded set screw area including a second length measured longitudinally along the set screw body, the second length of the unthreaded set screw area being shorter than the threaded block length; and
a tool engagement opening within the set screw body, the tool engagement opening configured to accept at least a portion of a tool within the tool engagement opening, the tool engagement opening extending entirely through the set screw body to allow engagement of at least the portion of the tool with the tool engagement opening from the first end of the set screw body and from the second end of the set screw body, wherein:
the one or more set screw threads are configured to threadably engage the one or more block threads, the first screw end being configured to fit within and pass through an opening of the bore in order to insert the set screw into the bore; and
the abutment of the set screw is sized and shaped to abut, but not threadably engage with, the one or more block threads to inhibit movement of the set screw outwardly past the threaded block area away from the opening of the bore to thereby inhibit removal of the set screw from the bore.
19. The set screw of claim 18, wherein the unthreaded set screw area is sized so that an entirety of the threaded block area can be disposed within the unthreaded set screw area between the threaded set screw area and the abutment, such that, with the threaded block area disposed within the unthreaded set screw area:
if turned in a first direction with respect to the block, the set screw is freely rotatable within the bore, but retained within the bore as the abutment of the set screw abuts the one or more block threads; and
if turned in a second direction, opposite the first direction, with respect to the block, the one or more set screw threads are threadably engageable with the one or more block threads to move the set screw in an inward direction toward the opening of the bore.
20. The set screw of claim 18, wherein the set screw body is substantially tubular.
21. The set screw of claim 18, wherein the abutment is substantially annular.

1. An apparatus comprising:
a pressurizable chamber with a gas region in an upper portion;
an input for introducing a liquid and a gas near a top of the chamber and an output near a bottom of the chamber for outputting the liquid supersaturated with the gas; and
a plurality of infuser structures in the gas region of the chamber, wherein the plurality of infuser structures create an increased surface area for the liquid cascading by gravity over surfaces of the plurality of infuser structures to form a film of the liquid in the presence of the gas under a pressure to increase the gas infusion into the liquid.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the increased surface area created by the plurality of infuser structures is at least 35 percent of a total surface area of the chamber in the gas region.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the increased surface area created by the plurality of infuser structures is at least 70 percent of a total surface area of the chamber in the gas region.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the infuser structures comprise column packing material disposed within the gas region of the chamber.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the increased surface area of the plurality of infuser structures is more than about 100 percent of a total surface area of the chamber in the gas region.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the infuser structures comprise a plurality of cascading inclined plates to allow the liquid to flow down the plurality of inclined plates and cover the surface of the inclined plates with a film of the liquid.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the infuser structures comprise a plurality of mixing plates arranged vertically in the chamber that form a plurality of mixing chambers with holes in the plurality of mixing plates that are offset from one mixing plate to the next.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the liquid is chosen from the following:
clean water, sewage water, pond water, and lake water.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the gas is chosen from the following:
oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, chlorine, and hydrogen sulfide.
10. An apparatus comprising:
a pressurizable cylindrical chamber with a gas region in an upper portion;
an input for introducing a liquid and a gas near a top of the chamber and an output at a bottom of the chamber for outputting the liquid supersaturated with the gas wherein the liquid and the gas are introduced together at the input with the gas partially dissolved in the liquid and the remainder as gas bubbles;
a plurality of infuser structures in the gas region of the chamber, wherein the plurality of infuser structures create an increased surface area for a film of the liquid cascading by gravity over surfaces of the plurality of infuser structures in the presence of the gas under a pressure to increase the gas infusion into the liquid; and
wherein the increased surface area created by the plurality of infuser structures is at least 35 percent of a total surface area of the chamber in the gas region.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the infuser structures comprise column packing material disposed within the gas region of the chamber.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the infuser structures comprise a plurality of cascading inclined plates to allow the liquid to flow down the plurality of inclined plates and cover the surface of the inclined plates with a film of the liquid.
13. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the infuser structures comprise a plurality of mixing plates arranged vertically in the chamber that form a plurality of mixing chambers with holes in the plurality of mixing plates that are offset from one mixing plate to the next, and wherein the liquid flow cascading through the mixing chambers splashes the liquid to create droplets that provide additional surface area of the liquid exposed to the pressurized gas.
14. A method for super-saturating a liquid with a gas, the method comprising the steps of:
(A) introducing a liquid and a gas into a pressurizable chamber;
(B) pressurizing the chamber;
(C) passing the liquid in a cascading flow over infuser structures in the chamber to create a film of the liquid on the infuser structures in the presence of the gas under pressure;
(D) collecting the supersaturated liquid; and
(E) outputting the supersaturated liquid through a valve.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the steps of:
(F) initializing the cascading flow of the liquid and a flow of the gas in the pressurizable chamber to establish a level of the liquid between a liquid port and a gas port;
(G) increasing the flow of the gas if the level of the liquid rises to the liquid port; and
(H) decreasing the flow of the gas if the level of the liquid falls to the gas port.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the valve is a reducing valve and the supersaturated liquid forms micro bubbles of gas.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein steps A and B are combined such that introducing the gas and liquid into the chamber pressurizes the chamber.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein the gas and liquid are introduced into the chamber together as a partially dissolved gas in the liquid.
19. The method of claim 14 wherein the infuser structures comprise column packing material disposed within an upper portion of the chamber in the presence of the gas under pressure.
20. The method of claim 14 wherein the infuser structures comprise a plurality of mixing plates arranged vertically in the chamber that form a plurality of chambers with holes in the plurality of mixing plates that are offset from one mixing plate to the next.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A display-driver data line driving device comprising:
a first data line driving circuit that drives a first data line;
a first shift resistor;
a first display latch portion that is connected to the first data line and that receives a shift pulse shifted by the first shift resistor as a clock to latch data supplied via the first data line;
a second data line driving circuit that drives a second data line;
a second shift resistor;
a second display latch portion that is connected to the second data line and that receives a shift pulse shifted by the second shift resistor as a clock to latch data supplied via the second data line;
a third shift resistor that is arranged between the first shift resistor and the second shift resistor and that sends a shift pulse shifted by the first shift resistor to the second shift resistor; and
selector circuits that change a channel through which a shift pulse is supplied from the first shift resistor to the third shift resistor and a channel through which a shift pulse is supplied from the third shift resistor to the second shift resistor,
wherein the first data line driving circuit stops driving the first data line based on a shift pulse shifted by the third shift resistor; and
wherein the second data line driving circuit starts driving the second data line based on a shift pulse shifted by the third shift resistor.
2. The display-driver data line driving device according to claim 1,
wherein each of the first to third shift resistors comprises cascaded data flip flops, each of the data flip flops comprising a data input terminal, a clock input terminal, and data output terminals and outputting a shift pulse supplied via the data input terminal from the data output terminals in synchronization with a clock supplied via the clock input terminal,
wherein the third shift resistor comprises a first data flip flop and a second data flip flop connected in a stage subsequent to the first data flip flop,
wherein the first data line driving circuit stops driving the first data line in synchronization with a shift pulse outputted from the second data flip flop, and
wherein the second data line driving circuit starts driving the second data line in synchronization with a shift pulse outputted from the first data flip flop.
3. The display-driver data line driving device according to claim 2, wherein the third shift resistor comprises a third data flip flop connected in a stage subsequent to the first data flip flop and prior to the second data flip flop, and a data output terminal of the third data flip flop is connected to the second shift resistor via the selector circuits.
4. The display-driver data line driving device according to claim 1, wherein the first data line driving circuit starts driving the first data line based on a start signal supplied as a shift pulse to an initial stage of the first shift resistor, and the second data line driving circuit stops driving the second data line based on a shift pulse outputted from a final stage of the second shift resistor.
5. A display-driver data line driving device comprising:
a first data line driving circuit that drives a first data line;
a first shift resistor;
a first display latch portion that is connected to the first data line and that receives a shift pulse shifted by the first shift resistor as a clock to latch data supplied via the first data line;
a second data line driving circuit that drives a second data line;
a second shift resistor;
a second display latch portion that is connected to the second data line and that receives a shift pulse shifted by the second shift resistor as a clock to latch data supplied via the second data line;
a first channel and a second channel that send a shift pulse shifted by the first shift resistor to the second shift resistor; and
selector circuits that select whether to input a shift pulse shifted by the first shift resistor to the second shift resistor via the first channel or the second channel,
wherein the first data line driving circuit stops driving the first data line after the first display latch portion latches data, and
wherein the second data line driving circuit starts driving the second data line before the second display latch portion latches data.
6. The display-driver data line driving device according to claim 5, wherein each of the first and second shift resistors comprises cascaded data flip flops, each of the data flip flops comprising a data input terminal, a clock input terminal, and data output terminals and outputting a shift pulse supplied via the data input terminal from the data output terminals in synchronization with a clock supplied via the clock input terminal
wherein the second data line driving circuit starts driving the second data line in synchronization with a shift pulse outputted from a data flip flop arranged in a stage prior to the selector circuits, and
wherein the first data line driving circuit stops driving the first data line in synchronization with a shift pulse that is further delayed by causing a data flip flop to shift a shift pulse supplied to the second shift resistor via the selector circuits.
7. The display-driver data line driving device according to claim 5, wherein the first data line driving circuit starts driving the first data line based on a start signal supplied as a shift pulse to an initial stage of the first shift resistor, and the second data line driving circuit stops driving the second data line based on a shift pulse outputted from a final stage of the second shift resistor.