Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. An intake manifold with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation system, comprising at least one air inlet leading to a plenum, a plurality of air intake channels leading from the plenum to outlets to respective cylinders of an engine, an exhaust line leading from an exhaust connection to exhaust gas inlet openings which are arranged in regions of intake air flow influenced by respective air intake channels, wherein the exhaust line is disposed inside an interior cavity of the intake manifold and attached by mounting members such that the exhaust line is spaced a distance from walls of the intake manifold, and wherein a seal is provided between the exhaust line and a passage through a wall of the intake manifold.
2. An intake manifold according to claim 1, wherein the seal is provided between the exahust connection and an outer wall of the intake manifold plenum.
3. An intake manifold according to claim 1, wherein the seal is provided between the exhaust line adjacent each exhaust gas inlet opening and a wall of each respective intake channel.
4. An intake manifold according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust line mounting members restrict thermal conduction between the exhaust line and the intake manifold.
5. An intake manifold according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the exhaust line mounting members are installed in passages through walls of the intake channels and form exhaust inlet openings through which recirculated exhaust gas is admitted into intake air flowing through the air intake channels.
6. An intake manifold according to claim 5, wherein said at least some mounting members comprise bellows-form tube sections which are installed in the passages through the walls of the intake channels and which permit exhaust gas from the exhaust line to enter the air intake channels.
7. An intake manifold according to claim 5, wherein said at least some mounting members comprise ceramic fittings which are installed in the passages through the wall of the intake channels and which exhaust gas from the exhaust line to enter the intake channels.
8. An intake manifold according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas inlet openings are arranged adjacent respective air intake openings from the plenum into the air intake channels.
9. An intake manifold according to claim 1, wherein at least part of the exhaust line has a multi-shell structure such that the exhaust line has a hollow cross section formed by abutting concave shells.
10. An intake manifold according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust line has a branched structure such that the paths traversed by exhaust gas from said exhaust connection to each of the respective exhaust gas inlet openings are substantially equal in length.
11. An intake manifold with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation system, comprising at least one air inlet leading to a plenum, a plurality of air intake channels leading from the plenum to outlets for respective cylinders of an engine, an exhaust line leading from an exhaust connection to exhaust gas inlet openings which open into the plenum, wherein the exhaust line is disposed inside the plenum of the intake manifold and attached by mounting members such that the exhaust line is spaced a distance from walls of the intake manifold; wherein a seal is provided between the exhaust line and a passage through a wall of the intake manifold, and wherein the exhaust gas inlet openings are arranged in such a way as to ensure homogenous mixing of exhaust gas with intake air flowing through the intake manifold and to obtain a substantially uniform concentration of exhaust gas in the intake air in regions of intake air flow influenced by respective air intake channels.
12. An intake manifold according to claim 11, wherein the seal is provided between the exahust connection and an outer wall of the intake manifold plenum.
13. An intake manifold according to claim 11, wherein the seal is provided between the exhaust line adjacent each exhaust gas inlet opening and a wall of each respective intake channel.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. An image processing apparatus that converts first image data expressed in a first color system into second image data expressed in a second color system by referring to a color conversion table, said image processing apparatus comprising:
a color conversion table storage module that stores the color conversion table representing a mapping of second image data expressed in the second color system to multiple lattice points, at which first image data generated in a color space of the first color system and expressed in the first color system are registered, wherein the color conversion table is encoded and represents a mapping of encoded second image data to the multiple lattice points, where the encoded second image data are obtained by an encoding process, which enhances a variation in tone value of the second image data in a predetermined tone area in the first color system while compressing the variation in tone value of the second image data in a residual tone area;
an intermediate table generation module that makes the color conversion table subjected to a decoding process, so as to generate an intermediate color conversion table, where the decoding process restores the variation in tone value enhanced or compressed by the encoding process;
a color conversion table reconstruction module that specifies second image data corresponding to multiple lattice points, which are set to include at least different lattice points from lattice points included in the intermediate color conversion table, based on the intermediate color conversion table and makes the specified second image data subjected to the encoding process, so as to reconstruct the intermediate color conversion table and generate a reconstructed color conversion table;
a color conversion module that refers to the reconstructed color conversion table to convert the first image data expressed in the first color system into encoded second image data, which has gone through the encoding process; and
an image data decoding module that makes the encoded second image data subjected to the decoding process to cancel out the encoding process, thus specifying the second image data expressed in the second color system.
2. An image processing apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said color conversion module carries out the encoding process to enhance or compress the variation in tone value of the second image data, while keeping a magnitude order of the second image data.
3. An image processing apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said intermediate table generation module comprises a decode table, which stores a mapping of the encoded second image data to the non-encoded second image data, and
said intermediate table generation module refers to the decode table to convert the color conversion table and thereby generate the intermediate color conversion table.
4. An image processing apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said color conversion table reconstruction module reconstructs a color conversion table, which has a greater number of lattice points than the number of lattice points included in the intermediate color conversion table.
5. An image processing apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said image data decoding module makes the encoded second image data obtained by said color conversion module subjected to the decoding process as well as conversion into dot density data, which represents a dot formation density with regard to each of various dots having different tone values expressible by a unit dot.
6. An image processing apparatus in accordance with claim 5, wherein said image data decoding module comprises a conversion table, which stores a mapping of the encoded second image data to the dot density data obtained by converting the non-encoded second image data, and
said image data decoding module refers to the conversion table to directly convert the encoded second image data obtained by said color conversion module into the dot density data.
7. An image processing apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first color system is an RGB color system and the second color system is a CMY color system.
8. An image processing apparatus in accordance with claim 1, said image processing apparatus further comprising:
a detection module that detects a setting with regard to a priority order between a conversion accuracy of image data and a conversion speed; and
a prohibition module that prohibits operations of said intermediate table generation module when the setting gives priority to the conversion speed over the conversion accuracy,
wherein said color conversion table reconstruction module uses the stored color conversion table, instead of the intermediate color conversion table generated by said intermediate table generation module, to generate the reconstructed color conversion table, when the setting gives priority to the conversion speed over the conversion accuracy.
9. An image processing method that converts first image data expressed in a first color system into second image data expressed in a second color system by referring to a color conversion table, said image processing method comprising:
a first step of storing the color conversion table representing a mapping of second image data expressed in the second color system to multiple lattice points, at which first image data generated in a color space of the first color system and expressed in the first color system are registered, wherein the color conversion table is encoded and represents a mapping of encoded second image data to the multiple lattice points, where the encoded second image data are obtained by an encoding process, which enhances a variation in tone value of the second image data in a predetermined tone area in the first color system, while compressing the variation in tone value of the second image data in a residual tone area;
a second step of making the color conversion table subjected to a decoding process, so as to generate an intermediate color conversion table, where the decoding process restores the variation in tone value enhanced or compressed by the encoding process;
a third step of specifying second image data corresponding to multiple lattice points, which are set to include at least different lattice points from lattice points included in the intermediate color conversion table, based on the intermediate color conversion table and making the specified second image data subjected to the encoding process, so as to reconstruct the intermediate color conversion table and generate a reconstructed color conversion table;
a fourth step of referring to the reconstructed color conversion table to convert the first image data expressed in the first color system into encoded second image data, which has gone through the encoding process; and
a fifth step of making the encoded second image data subjected to the decoding process to cancel out the encoding process, thus specifying the second image data expressed in the second color system.
10. A program stored in a computer readable medium, that causes a computer to attain an image processing method that converts first image data expressed in a first color system into second image data expressed in a second color system by referring to a color conversion table, said program comprising:
a first function of storing the color conversion table representing a mapping of second image data expressed in the second color system to multiple lattice points, at which first image data generated in a color space of the first color system and expressed in the first color system are registered, wherein the color conversion table is encoded and represents a mapping of encoded second image data to the multiple lattice points, where the encoded second image data are obtained by an encoding process, which enhances a variation in tone value of the second image data in a predetermined tone area in the first color system, while compressing the variation in tone value of the second image data in a residual tone area;
a second function of making the color conversion table subjected to a decoding process, so as to generate an intermediate color conversion table, where the decoding process restores the variation in tone value enhanced or compressed by the encoding process;
a third function of specifying second image data corresponding to multiple lattice points, which are set to include at least different lattice points from lattice points included in the intermediate color conversion table, based on the intermediate color conversion table and making the specified second image data subjected to the encoding process, so as to reconstruct the intermediate color conversion table and generate a reconstructed color conversion table;
a fourth function of referring to the reconstructed color conversion table to convert the first image data expressed in the first color system into encoded second image data, which has gone through the encoding process; and
a fifth function of making the encoded second image data subjected to the decoding process to cancel out the encoding process, thus specifying the second image data expressed in the second color system.

1. A reactor for preparing chlorine from hydrogen chloride by gas-phase oxidation by means of oxygen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in a fluidized bed (2), with gas-permeable plates (17) being located in the fluidized bed (2), wherein the gas-permeable plates (17) are connected in a thermally conductive manner to a heat exchanger (9) located in the fluidized bed (2).
2. A reactor according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the gas-permeable plates (17) is greater than the thermal conductivity of the fluidized bed (2).
3. A reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat exchanger (9) has tubes (16) which run horizontally in the fluidized bed and are connected to the gas-permeable plates (17).
4. A reactor according to claim 3, wherein the horizontal tubes (16) connect vertical heat exchanger tubes (15) of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (9).
5. A reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas-permeable plates (17) connect vertical plates of a plate heat exchanger to one another.
6. A reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein channels or tubes through which a heat transfer medium flows run through the gas-permeable plates (17).
7. A reactor according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein perforated plates are used as gas-permeable plates (17).
8. A reactor according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein ordered or unordered mesh structures are used as gas-permeable plates.
9. A reactor according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hydrogen chloride and the oxygen are introduced into the fluidized bed via a windbox (3) and a gas distributor (4).
10. A reactor according to claim 9, wherein at least one perforated plate is used as gas distributor (4).
11. A reactor according to claim 9, wherein at least one plate provided with gas distributor nozzles is used as gas distributor (4).
12. A reactor according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein an impingement device is located in the windbox (3) above the gas inflow opening.
13. A reactor according to claim 12, wherein the impingement device is a flat, round-domed or funnel-shaped metal sheet arranged transverse to the inflow direction.
14. A reactor according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein a granular fluidized-bed material comprising the heterogeneous catalyst is used to form the fluidized bed (2).
15. A reactor according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the interior walls of the reactor (21), gas-permeable plates (17), heat exchanger surfaces, interior walls of the windbox (3) and the gas distributor (4) are made of steel or nickel alloys.
16. A reactor according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the gas distributor (4) is made of a ceramic material.
17. A process for preparing chlorine from hydrogen chloride by gas-phase oxidation by means of oxygen using a reactor according to any of claims 1 to 16.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed:

1. A device for making a magnetically mountable substrate construction from a selected substrate for magnetic mounting to a structure including magnetizable material, the substrate construction comprising the selected substrate, a carrier portion formed from a flexible magnet substrate including permanently magnetized material, and pressure sensitive adhesive bonding the selected substrate to the carrier portion, said device comprising:
a flexible magnet substrate having an adhesive carrying surface and a release surface opposite said carrying surface, said flexible magnet substrate including permanently magnetized material which enables said flexible magnet substrate to be magnetically mounted to structures including magnetizable material;
a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive provided on said adhesive carrying surface of said flexible magnet substrate;
said flexible magnet substrate being wound into a roll such that said layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive directly engages the release surface of said flexible magnet substrate;
said adhesive carrying surface having a greater affinity for adhesive bonding than said release surface so as to enable said device to be used to make the magnetically mountable substrate construction comprising the selected substrate, a carrier portion of said flexible magnet substrate, and a portion of said adhesive layer adhesively bonding said selected substrate to said portion of said flexible magnet substrate by (a) unwinding a lead end portion of said flexible magnet substrate with said adhesive remaining bonded to the adhesive carrying surface of the unwound lead end portion, and (b) engaging the selected substrate with the adhesive on said unwound lead end portion and applying pressure to adhesively bond the selected substrate to said unwound lead end portion, and (c) cutting the unwound lead end portion so as to form said carrier portion.
2. A device according to claim 1, further comprising a core, said magnet substrate being wound about said core such that said layer of adhesive directly engages the release surface of said flexible magnet substrate.
3. A device according to claim 2, further comprising a layer of release material coated on the release surface of said flexible magnet substrate to provide said release surface with a lower affinity for adhesive bonding than said adhesive carrying surface.
4. A device according to claim 3, wherein said release material comprises silicone.
5. A device according to claim 3, wherein said adhesive carrying surface of said flexible magnet substrate is uncoated.
6. A device according to claim 2, wherein said pressure-sensitive adhesive is an emulsion-based acrylic adhesive.
7. A device according to claim 2, wherein said magnetic material comprises a plurality of rare earth particles and wherein said flexible magnet substrate is formed from a flexible matrix material having said rare earth particles embedded therein.
8. A device according to claim 7, wherein said matrix material is rubber.
9. A device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a cartridge body structure constructed and arranged to be removably mounted to a processing apparatus having cooperating pressure applying structures operable to apply pressure to substrates fed therebetween;
said core being rotatably mounted to said cartridge body structure to enable the lead end portion to be unwound and fed in between the pressure applying structures of the processing apparatus;
a second core;
a flexible protecting substrate wound about said second core, said second core being rotatably mounted to said cartridge body structure so as to enable a lead end portion of said protecting substrate to be unwound and fed between the pressure applying structures of the processing apparatus along with said flexible magnet substrate so that said protecting substrate covers any exposed portions of the adhesive layer to prevent said exposed portions from contacting to the cooperating pressure applying structures.
10. A device according to claim 2, wherein said core has mounting structure on the ends thereof constructed and arranged to be mounted to a frame of a processing apparatus, the apparatus including cooperating pressure applying structures operable to apply pressure to substrates fed therebetween.
11. A method for making a magnetically mountable adhesive construction from a selected substrate for magnetic mounting to a structure including magnetizable material, said substrate construction comprising the selected substrate, a carrier portion formed from a flexible magnet substrate including permanently magnetized material, and pressure-sensitive adhesive adhesively bonding the selected substrate to said carrier portion, said method comprising:
providing a device comprising:
a flexible magnet substrate having an adhesive carrying surface and a release surface opposite said carrying surface, said flexible magnet substrate including magnetized material which enables said flexible magnet substrate to be magnetically mounted to structures including magnetizable material;
a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive provided on said adhesive carrying surface of said flexible magnet substrate;
said flexible magnet substrate being wound into a roll such that said pressure-sensitive adhesive layer directly engages the release surface of said flexible magnet substrate;
said adhesive carrying surface having a greater affinity for adhesive bonding than said release surface to enable a lead end portion of said flexible magnet substrate to be unwound with the adhesive remaining bonded to the adhesive carrying surface of said unwound lead end portion;

unwinding the lead end portion of said flexible magnet substrate with the adhesive remaining bonded to the adhesive carrying surface of said unwound lead end portion;
engaging the selected substrate with the adhesive on the unwound lead end portion of said flexible magnet substrate;
applying pressure to adhesively bond the selected substrate to said unwound lead end portion; and
cutting said unwound lead end portion of said flexible magnet substrate so as to form said carrier portion.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein engaging the selected substrate with the adhesive is performed prior to cutting said unwound lead end portion so as to form said carrier portion.
13. A method according to claim 11, wherein engaging the selected substrate with the adhesive is performed after cutting said unwound lead end portion so as to form said carrier portion.
14. A method according to claim 11, wherein said device comprises a core, said magnet substrate being wound about said core such that said layer of adhesive directly engages the release surface of said flexible magnet substrate.
15. A method according to claim 14, further comprising:
providing a master processing assembly comprising a pair of cooperating pressure applying structures constructed and arranged to apply pressure to substrate fed therebetween;
mounting said core to a frame of said processing assembly so as to enable said core to be rotated to provide for unwinding of said lead end portion of said flexible magnet substrate;
providing a second core having a flexible protecting substrate wound thereon;
mounting said second core to the frame of said processing assembly so as to enable said second core to be rotated to provide for unwinding of a lead end portion of said protecting substrate;
unwinding said lead end portion of said protecting substrate;
feeding said lead end portion of said magnet substrate and said lead end portion of said protecting substrate together between said cooperating structures of said processing assembly such that said protecting layer covers said layer of adhesive to prevent said adhesive from contacting said cooperating structures;
feeding said selected substrate between said lead end portions of said magnet substrate and said protecting substrate;
then actuating said cooperating structures such that cooperating structures apply said sufficient pressure to said protecting substrate, said selected substrate, and said magnet substrate so as to cause said adhesive to adhesively bond the selected substrate to said unwound lead end portion of said magnet substrate and thereafter advance said substrates outwardly from said cooperating structures.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein said cores are rotatably mounted to a cartridge body structure such that mounting said cores to said processing assembly is performed simultaneously by removably mounting said cartridge body structure to the frame of said processing assembly.
17. A method according to claim 15, wherein said cores are separate from one another and individually mount to the frame of said processing apparatus.