Author: claimsbot

1. A photovoltaic assembly comprising:
a photovoltaic panel for converting light into electricity and comprising two opposite surfaces;
two curtains for absorbing solar heat to roast the photovoltaic panel when the two curtains are disposed to cover the two opposite surfaces of the photovoltaic panel, each of the two curtains comprising a stack of a reflective layer, a high thermal capacity layer and a transparent layer, wherein the high thermal capacity layer is sandwiched between the reflective layer and the transparent layer, the reflective layer being closer to the photovoltaic panel than the high thermal capacity layer and the transparent layer are when the two curtains cover the two opposite surfaces of the photovoltaic panel; and
two rollers each comprising a rotatable shaft for rolling each of the two curtains.
2. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein the high thermal capacity layer comprises a black material.
3. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, further comprising a motor connected to the rotatable shaft for rolling each of the two curtains.
4. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein the roller comprises a hollow cylinder-shaped housing to accommodate a rolled each of the two curtains.
5. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the two curtains has substantially the same area as either one of the two opposite surfaces of the photovoltaic panel.
6. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the two curtains is larger in area than either one of the two opposite surfaces of the photovoltaic panel.
7. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein the two rollers are respectively disposed at two opposite edges of the photovoltaic panel.
8. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the two curtains comprises an insulation and moisture resistance material disposed at all edges of the stack of the reflective layer, the high thermal capacity layer and the transparent layer.
9. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic panel comprises an insulation and moisture resistance material disposed at all edges thereof.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for coupling a microelectronic device to a substrate comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a first surface, said first surface comprising a plurality of first metal bumps;
providing a microelectronic device comprising an active surface; such active surface comprising a plurality of second metal bumps; where at least one of the plurality of first metal bumps and the plurality of second metal bumps, comprises a solder;
disposing a polymer composition overlying the solder, where said polymer composition comprises a sacrificial polymer and a thermally activated base generator, said thermally activated base generator comprising a cation selected from formula 1, 2, or 3:
where each R1 is independently selected from hydrogen, a methyl or ethyl group, a linear, branched or cyclic C3-C12 alkyl group; a linear, branched or cyclic C3-C12 heteroalkyl group having from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; a C6-C10 aryl group; a C5-C10 heteroaryl group having from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; or where two R1 groups are taken together with any intervening atoms to form one or more cyclic alkyl or heteroalkyl groups as previously defined, and where for formula 1, at least one R1 is hydrogen;
providing the microelectronic device to the substrate such that each metal bump of the first plurality is aligned to a metal bump of the second plurality; where the polymer composition maintains such alignment;
heating the first plurality of metal bumps and the second plurality of bumps to a first temperature sufficient to melt the solder, such that the microelectronic device and the substrate become electrically and fixably coupled; the polymer composition providing a fluxing function; and
heating the polymer composition to a second temperature sufficient to cause thermal decomposition of the sacrificial polymer.
2. The method of claim 1, where the thermally activated base generator of the polymer composition disposed overlying the solder comprises a cation represented by formula 2 or formula 3.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, where the thermally activated base generator of the polymer composition disposed overlying the solder further comprises a carboxylate anion.
4. The method of claim 3, where the thermally activated base generator of the polymer composition disposed overlying the solder comprises a cation represented by formula II.
5. The method of claim 1 where the sacrificial polymer of the polymer composition disposed overlying the solder is selected from a polypropylene carbonate, and a polycarbonate polymer comprising repeating units derived from one or more of endo-endo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, endo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-5-phenyl-exo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-5-phenyl-endo-endo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, norbornane spirocarbonate, and phenyl norbornane spirocarbonate.
6. The method of claim 5, where the thermally activated base generator of the polymer composition disposed overlying the solder comprises a cation represented by formula 2 or formula 3.
7. The method of claim 5 or 6, where the thermally activated base generator of the polymer composition disposed overlying the solder further comprises a carboxylate anion.
8. The method of claim 7, where the thermally activated base generator of the polymer composition disposed overlying the solder comprises a cation represented by formula 2.
9. The method of claim 1, where the first surface comprises a surface of a substrate and the active surface comprises a surface of a semiconductor chip and where the first metal bumps comprise a solder and the second metal bumps comprise copper.
10. The method of claim 9, where the thermally activated base generator comprises a cation represented by formula 2 and the sacrificial polymer is selected from a polypropylene carbonate, and a polycarbonate polymer comprising repeating units derived from one or more of endo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, endo-endo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-5-phenyl-exo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-5-phenyl-endo-endo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, norbornane spirocarbonate, and phenyl norbornane spirocarbonate.
11. The method of claim 9, where the thermally activated base generator is represented by formula IV and the sacrificial polymer is a polypropylene carbonate:
12. The method of claim 9, where the sacrificial polymer is selected from a polycarbonate polymer comprising repeating units derived from one or more of endo-endo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, endo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-5-phenyl-exo-exo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, exo-5-phenyl-endo-endo-2,3-norbornanedimethanol, norbornane spirocarbonate, and phenyl norbornane spirocarbonate.
13. A sacrificial polymer composition comprising:
a polypropylene carbonate polymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 39,000 to 47,000 Dalton;
a thermally activated base generator selected from PT-393 or Et4N OAc.4H2O, or mixtures thereof; and
a solvent selected from to anisole or gamma butyrolactone.
14. The sacrificial polymer composition of claim 13 where the solvent is gamma butyrolactone.
15. The sacrificial polymer composition of claim 14 where the thermally activated base generator is PT-393.
16. The sacrificial polymer composition of claim 15 where the thermally activated base generator loading is from 0.5 parts per hundred polymer to 8 parts per hundred polymer, inclusive.
17. The sacrificial polymer composition of claim 15 further comprising 3 weight % of the composition Formic acid.

We claim:

1. An extensible grammar-based rights expression system for processing one or more rights expressions, said system comprising:
an interpreter adapted to evaluate said one or more rights expressions, said interpreter including one or more plug-in subcomponents configured to allow evaluation of said one or more rights expressions;
a validator adapted to validate compliance with conditions set forth in said one or more rights expressions upon authorization by said interpreter; and
a framework adapted provide an interface between said interpreter and said validator.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said one or more rights expressions is a plurality of rights expressions.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said one or more plug-in subcomponents is a plurality of plug-in subcomponents configured to allow evaluation of said plurality of rights expressions.
4. The system of claim 1, further including a plurality of validators adapted to validate compliance with different conditions of said one or more rights expressions.
5. The system of claim 2, further including a plurality of validators adapted to validate compliance with different conditions of said plurality of rights expressions.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said one or more rights expressions includes a grant that includes a usage right associated with a resource and a principal to whom said usage right is granted.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said one or more rights expressions includes a request that includes a usage right associated with a resource and a principal requesting use of said resource.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein one or more of said plural rights expressions includes a grant that includes a usage right associated with a resource and a principal to whom said usage right is granted.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein said interpreter is adapted to evaluate said request based on said grant, and at least one of:
authorize said request if said requested usage right is issued in said grant;
conditionally authorize said request if said requested usage right is issued with one or more condition set forth in said grant; and
not authorize said request if said requested usage right is not issued in said grant.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein said request is conditionally authorized so that said usage right requested in said request is authorized contingent on one or more condition set forth in said grant.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein said validator validates compliance with said one or more condition set forth in said grant.
12. The system of claim 8, wherein said interpreter is adapted to evaluate said one or more rights expressions based on said request and said grant.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein said one or more rights expressions are evaluated by said interpreter by comparing said usage right, said resource, and said principal included in said request with said usage right, said resource, and said principal included in said grant.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein said interpreter is adapted to at least one of:
authorize said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another;
conditionally authorize said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another, and said grant further includes one or more conditions; and
not authorize said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant do not match one another.
15. The system of claim 6, wherein said interpreter is adapted to evaluate said grant by at least one of decrypting said grant, verifying a digital signature, and authenticating issuer of said grant.
16. The system of claim 7, wherein said interpreter is adapted to evaluate said request by at least one of authenticating said principal, and verifying said resource.
17. The system of claim 1, further comprising an application that interfaces with said framework to provide said one or more rights expressions to said interpreter.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein said application is at least one of a creator, a distributor, and a consumer of said one or more rights expressions.
19. The system of claim 17, wherein said application is at least one of a rights authoring system adapted to author digital content, and a rendering system adapted to render digital content.
20. The system of claim 1, further comprising a parser adapted to manipulate said one or more rights expressions.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein said parser is further adapted to facilitate processing of new rights expressions.
22. The system of claim 20, wherein said parser interfaces with said framework to provide said manipulated rights expressions to said interpreter.
23. The system of claim 1, wherein said interpreter is adapted to be expanded by adding additional plug-in subcomponents thereto.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein said additional plug-in subcomponents are configured to allow evaluation of new rights expressions.
25. The system of claim 23, further comprising additional validators adapted to validate compliance with conditions set forth in said new rights expressions.
26. The system of claim 1, further comprising additional validators adapted to validate compliance with conditions set forth in new rights expressions.
27. A method for processing one or more rights expressions including a request that requests a usage right associated with a resource for a principal, and a grant that issues a usage right associated with a resource to a principal, said method comprising the steps of:
registering plug-in components with a framework;
making a programmatic call to said framework to authorize requests for usage rights set forth in said one or more rights expressions;
finding one or more appropriate plug-in components configured to evaluate each of said requests set forth in said one or more rights expressions;
invoking said appropriate plug-in components;
evaluating said request against said grant; and
returning an authorization result that indicates whether said request is authorized by said grant.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein said step of returning said authorization results includes at least one of authorizing said request, conditionally authorizing said request, and not authorizing said request.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein if said step of returning said authorization results includes conditionally authorizing said request in which said requested usage right is authorized with at least one condition set forth in said grant, further including the step of validating satisfaction of conditions set forth in said grant.
30. The method of claim 27, wherein step of evaluating said request against said grant includes at least one of authenticating said principal, and verifying said resource.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein said step of evaluating said request against said grant includes at least one of decrypting said grant, verifying a digital signature, and authenticating issuer of said grant.
32. The method of claim 27, wherein said request includes a usage right associated with a resource and a principal requesting use of said resource, and said grant includes a usage right associated with a resource and a principal to whom said usage right is granted.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein said step of evaluating said request against said grant includes comparing said usage right, said resource, and said principal included in said request with said usage right, said resource, and said principal included in said grant.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein said step of returning said authorization results includes at least one of:
authorizing said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another;
conditionally authorizing said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another, and said grant further includes one or more conditions; and
not authorizing said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant do not match one another.
35. The method of claim 27, further including the step of processing one or more new rights expressions.
36. The method of claim 35, further including the step of adding a new plug-in component configured to allow evaluation of said one or more new rights expressions.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein said one or more new rights expressions include a new request and a new grant, further including the step of using said new plug-in component to evaluate said new request against said new grant.
38. The method of claim 37, further including the step of returning an authorization result that indicates whether said new request is authorized by said new grant.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein if said step of returning said authorization results includes conditionally authorizing said new request in which said requested usage right is authorized with at least one condition set forth in said new grant, further including the step of validating satisfaction of conditions set forth in said new grant.
40. The method of claim 39, further including the step of adding a new plug-in component configured to validate compliance with conditions set forth in said new grant.
41. An extensible grammar-based rights expression system for processing one or more rights expressions, said system comprising:
a framework having an extensible architecture with one or more extensibility points for adding extensions to said grammar; and
an interpreter adapted to evaluate said one or more rights expressions;
wherein said extensions define semantics and syntax of new rights expressions to allow processing of said new rights expressions.
42. The system of claim 41, wherein said interpreter is implemented as a plug-in component.
43. The system of claim 41, wherein said interpreter includes one or more plug-in subcomponents configured to allow evaluation of at least one of said one or more rights expressions.
44. The system of claim 43, wherein said interpreter is adapted to be expanded by adding additional plug-in subcomponents thereto, said additional plug-in subcomponents being configured to allow evaluation of new rights expressions.
45. The system of claim 41, wherein said one or more rights expressions includes a grant that includes a usage right associated with a resource and a principal to whom said usage right is granted, and a request that includes a usage right associated with a resource and a principal requesting use of said resource.
46. The system of claim 45, wherein said interpreter is adapted to evaluate said one or more rights expressions by comparing said usage right, said resource, and said principal included in said request with said usage right, said resource, and said principal included in said grant.
47. The system of claim 46, wherein said interpreter is adapted to at least one of:
authorize said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another;
conditionally authorize said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another, and said grant further includes one or more conditions; and
not authorize said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant do not match one another.
48. The system of claim 41, wherein said one or more rights expressions include conditions set forth therein.
49. The system of claim 48, further comprising one or more validators adapted to validate compliance with one or more conditions set forth in said one or more rights expressions.
50. The system of claim 49, wherein said one or more validators are implemented as plug-in components, and system further comprises additional validators adapted to validate compliance with conditions set forth in new rights expressions..
51. The system of claim 49, wherein said framework is adapted provide an interface between said interpreter and said one or more validators.
52. The system of claim 41, further comprising an application that interfaces with said framework to provide said one or more rights expressions to said interpreter.
53. The system of claim 51, wherein said application is at least one of a creator, a distributor, and a consumer of said one or more rights expressions.
54. The system of claim 51, wherein said application is at least one of a rights authoring system adapted to author digital content, and a rendering system adapted to render digital content.
55. The system of claim 41, further comprising a parser adapted to manipulate and facilitate processing of said one or more rights expressions.
56. The system of claim 55, wherein said parser interfaces with said framework to provide said manipulated rights expressions to said interpreter.
57. A method for processing one or more rights expressions including a request that requests a usage right associated with a resource for a principal, and a grant that issues a usage right associated with a resource to a principal, said method comprising the steps of:
providing an extensible grammar-based rights expression system having an extensible architecture with an interpreter adapted to evaluate said one or more rights expressions;
evaluating said request against said grant using said interpreter; and
returning an authorization result that indicates whether said request is authorized by said grant.
58. The method of claim 57, further including the step of adding new extensions to said extensible grammar-based rights expression system to allow processing of new rights expressions, wherein said extensions define semantics and syntax of said new rights expressions.
59. The method of claim 58, wherein said step of adding new extensions include the step of adding one or more new interpreters to said extensible grammar-based rights expression system, said new interpreters being adapted to evaluate one or more of said new rights expressions.
60. The method of claim 58, wherein said step of adding new extensions include the step of adding one or more subcomponents to said interpreter of said extensible grammar-based rights expression system, said one or more plug-in subcomponents being configured to allow evaluation of one or more of said new rights expressions.
61. The method of claim 58, wherein said step of evaluating said request against said grant includes the step of using interpreters to match said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant.
62. The method of claim 61, wherein said step of returning said authorization results includes at least one of:
authorizing said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another;
conditionally authorizing said request if said usageright, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant match one another, and said grant further includes one or more conditions; and
not authorizing said request if said usage right, said resource, and said principal of said request and said grant do not match one another.
63. The method of claim 62, wherein if said step of returning said authorization results includes conditionally authorizing said request in which said requested usage right is authorized with at least one condition set forth in said grant, further including the step of validating satisfaction of conditions set forth in said grant.
64. The method of claim 63, wherein said step of validating satisfaction of conditions set forth in said grant is attained by one or more validators.
65. The method of claim 64, wherein said step of adding new extensions include the step of adding one or more new validators to said extensible grammar-based rights expression system, said new validators being adapted to allow validation of satisfaction of conditions set forth in one or more of said new rights expressions.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A media playback system, the media playback system comprising:
a first wireless earbud comprising:
a first speaker configured to be positioned substantially adjacent to a user’s ear and transmit sound waves,
a first control device configured to provide a control functionality, and
a first wireless transceiver configured to provide wireless communication; and

a second wireless earbud comprising:
a second speaker configured to be positioned substantially adjacent to a user’s ear and transmit sound waves,
a second control device configured to provide a control functionality, and
a second wireless transceiver configured to provide wireless communication.
2. The media playback system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless transceiver is further configured to communicate with the second wireless transceiver.
3. The media playback system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first attachment device connected to the first wireless earbud; and
a second attachment device connected to the second wireless earbud,
wherein the first attachment device and the second attachment device are each configured to attach to the user’s ear.
4. The media playback system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless earbud further comprises a communications port configured to provide electronic communication between the first wireless earbud and an external device.
5. The media playback system of claim 1, wherein the second wireless earbud further comprises a communications port configured to provide electronic communication between the second wireless earbud and an external device.
6. The media playback system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless earbud further comprises a display configured to display at least one of a control, text, a pictographic description, an image, a moving image, and a video.
7. The media playback system of claim 6, wherein the display is a touch sensitive display.
8. The media playback system of claim 1, wherein the second wireless earbud further comprises a display configured to display at least one of a control, text, a pictographic description, an image, a moving image, and a video.
9. The media playback system of claim 8, wherein the display is a touch sensitive display.
10. A media playback system, the media playback system comprising:
a first wireless earbud comprising:
a first speaker configured to be positioned substantially adjacent to a user’s ear and transmit sound waves,
a first control device configured to provide a control functionality,
a first wireless transceiver configured to provide wireless communication;

a second wireless earbud comprising:
a second speaker configured to be positioned substantially adjacent to a user’s ear and transmit sound waves,
a second control device configured to provide a control functionality, and
a second wireless transceiver configured to provide wireless communication;

at least one connection device configured to connect the first wireless earbud to the second wireless earbud; and
a memory configured to contain at least one media file.
11. The media playback system of claim 10, wherein the first wireless transceiver is further configured to communicate with the second wireless transceiver.
12. The media playback system of claim 10, wherein the at least one connection device is a magnetic connection device.
13. The media playback system of claim 10, further comprising:
a first attachment device connected to the first wireless earbud; and
a second attachment device connected to the second wireless earbud,
wherein the first attachment device and the second attachment device are each configured to attach to the user’s ear.
14. The media playback system of claim 10, wherein the first wireless earbud further comprises a communications port configured to provide electronic communication between the first wireless earbud and an external device.
15. The media playback system of claim 10, wherein the second wireless earbud further comprises a communications port configured to provide electronic communication between the second wireless earbud and an external device.
16. The media playback system of claim 10, wherein the first wireless earbud further comprises a display configured to display at least one of a control, text, a pictographic description, an image, a moving image, and a video.
17. The media playback system of claim 16, wherein the display is a touch sensitive display.
18. The media playback system of claim 10, wherein the second wireless earbud further comprises a display configured to display at least one of a control, text, a pictographic description, an image, a moving image, and a video.
19. The media playback system of claim 18, wherein the display is a touch sensitive display.
20. A method of constructing a media playback system, the method comprising:
providing a first earbud comprising a first speaker, a first control device, and a first wireless transceiver;
providing a second earbud comprising a second speaker, a second control device, and a second wireless transceiver; and
configuring the first earbud to communicate with the second earbud via the first wireless transceiver and the second wireless transceiver.