Author: claimsbot

1. An information recording andor reproducing apparatus, comprising:
an optical head for emitting a light beam on a medium and receiving a reflected light beam from the medium, a tilt is defined by a deviation of the angle of the light beam from the medium;
an analog signal processor for processing the reflected light beam to obtain a first analog signal;
an analogdigital converter for converting the first analog signal into a digital signal;
a controller for applying a low-pass filtering operation on the digital signal to obtain a digital controlling signal;
a digitalanalog converter for converting the digital controlling signal into a second analog signal; and
an adjustment mechanism for adjusting a position of the optical head to correct the tilt according to the second analog signal;
wherein the controller comprises a first calculator for applying a first low-pass filtering operation on the digital signal, the first calculator performing a function of:
C1(z)=(K1*A(z)+K2)(A(z)\u2212K3)
wherein C1(z) represents a signal which is outputted by the first calculator after applying the first low-pass filtering operation on the digital signal, A(z) is the digital signal which is a variable parameter and represents an input signal of the first calculator, K1, K2, and K3 are constant parameters of the first calculator, and z represents a frequency of the first analog signal.
2. The information recording andor reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the constant parameters K1=0.2108, K2=0.2108, and K3=0.5784.
3. The information recording andor reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second calculator for applying a second low-pass filtering operation on the C1(z), the second calculator performing a function of:
C2(z)=(M1*C1(z)+M2)(C1(z)\u2212M3)

wherein C2(z) represents a signal which is outputted by the second calculator after applying the second low-pass filtering operation on the C1(z), M1, M2, and M3 are constant parameters of the second calculator.
4. The information recording andor reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the constant parameters M1=0.0186, M2=0.0, and M3=0.0.
5. The information recording andor reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a third calculator for applying a third low-pass filtering operation on the C2(z), the third calculator performing a function of:
C3(z)=(C2(z)+N1)(C2(z)\u2212N2)

wherein C3(z) represents a signal which is outputted by the third calculator after applying the third low-pass filtering C2(z), N1, and N2 are constant parameters of the third calculator.
6. The information recording andor reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the constant parameters N1=0.0063, N2=0.9824.
7. The information recording andor reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller comprises an amplifier for amplifying the digital signal inputted to the controller.
8. The information recording andor reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein an amplification coefficient of the amplifier is set to a value of 0.6250.
9. A tilt detecting device for detecting a tilt detecting signal, the tilt detecting signal being relative to a tilt defined by a deviation of a light beam from a medium, the light beam emitted on the medium by an optical head, the tilt detecting device comprising:
a first calculator for applying a first low-pass filtering operation on a digital signal corresponding to a reflected light beam from the medium, the first calculator performing a function of:
C1(z)=(K1*A(z)+K2)(A(z)\u2212K3)
wherein C1(z) represents a signal which is outputted by the first calculator after applying the first low-pass filtering operation on the digital signal, A(z) is the digital signal which is a variable parameter and represents an input signal of the first calculator, K1, K2, and K3 are constant parameters of the first calculator, and z represents a frequency of the first analog signal; and
a second calculator for applying a second low-pass filtering operation on the C1(z) to obtain the tilt detecting signal, the second calculator performing a function of:
C2(z)=(M1*C1(z)+M2)(C1(z)\u2212M3)
wherein C2(z) represents the tilt detecting signal which is outputted by the second calculator after applying the second low-pass filtering operation on the C1(z), M1, M2, and M3 are constant parameters of the second calculator.
10. The tilt detecting device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the constant parameters K1=0.2108, K2=0.2108, and K3=0.5784.
11. The tilt detecting device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the constant parameters M1=0.0186, M2=0.0, and M3=0.0.
12. The tilt detecting device as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a third calculator for applying a third low-pass filtering operation on the C2(z) to obtain the tilt detecting signal, the third calculator performing a function of:
C3(z)=(C2(z)+N1)(C2(z)\u2212N2)

wherein C3(z) represents the tilt detecting signal which is outputted by the third calculator after applying the third low-pass filtering operation on the C2(z), N1, and N2 are constant parameters of the third calculator.
13. The tilt detecting device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the constant parameters N1=0.0063, N2=0.9824.
14. The tilt detecting device as claimed in claim 9, further comprising an amplifier for amplifying the digital signal inputted to the controller, and an amplification coefficient of the amplifier is set to a value of 0.6250.
15. A tilt detecting method for detecting a tilt detecting signal, the tilt detecting signal being relative to a tilt defined by a deviation of a light beam from a medium, the light beam emitted on the medium by an optical head, the tilt detecting method comprising steps of:
receiving a reflected light beam from the medium;
converting the reflected light beam into an electrical signal;
converting the electrical signal into a digital signal;
applying a first low-pass filtering operation on the digital signal, the step implemented by a first calculator, the first calculator performing a function of:
C1(z)=(K1*A(z)+K2)(A(z)\u2212K3)
wherein C1(z) represents a signal which is outputted by the first calculator after applying the first low-pass filtering operation on the digital signal, A(z) is the digital signal which is a variable parameter and represents an input signal of the first calculator, K1, K2, and K3 are constant parameters of the first calculator, and z represents a frequency of the first analog signal; and
applying a second low-pass filtering operation on the C1(z) to obtain the tilt detecting signal, the step implemented by a second calculator, the second calculator performing a function of:
C2(z)=(M1*C1(z)+M2)(C1(z)\u2212M3)
wherein C2(z) represents the tilt detecting signal which is outputted by the second calculator after applying the second low-pass filtering operation on the C1(z), M1, M2, and M3 are constant parameters of the second calculator.
16. The tilt detecting method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising a step of processing the electrical signal to obtain an analog signal that is then converted to the digital signal.
17. The tilt detecting method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising a step of amplifying the digital signal before the step of applying the first low-pass filtering operation.
18. The tilt detecting method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising a step of applying a third low-pass filtering operation on the C2(z) to obtain the tilt detecting signal, the step implemented by a third calculator, the third calculator performing a function of:
C3(z)=(C2(z)+N1)(C2(z)\u2212N2)

wherein C3(z) represents the tilt detecting signal which is outputted by the third calculator after applying the third low-pass filtering operation on the C2(z), N1, and N2 are constant parameters of the third calculator.
19. The tilt detecting method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the constant parameters K1=0.2108, K2=0.2108, and K3=0.5784.
20. The tilt detecting method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the constant parameters M1=0.0186, M2=0.0, and M3=0.0.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for encoding at least one picture having a first region and a second region wherein
the first region is encoded according to a first encoding scheme,
the second region is encoded according to a second encoding scheme,
the second encoding scheme is carried out taking into account a parameter representing the visual perception of the second region.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first encoding scheme is carried out not taking the parameter into account.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second region is formed by a perceptual region-of-interest representation.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a simplified perceptual quality significance map is determined from the perceptual region-of interest representation.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein quantization parameters used for encoding the second region are adjusted according to the parameter.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the quantization step is determined according to the equation
Q
\u2061

(

x
,
y

)
=
a
1

\xb7

Q
init
P
\u2061

(

x
,
y

)
,
where a1 is a constant, Qinit is an initial quantization step and P(x,y) is a simplified perceptual quality significance map.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shifting values used for encoding the second region are adjusted according to the parameter.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the shifting values are determined according to the formula S(x, y)=P(x, y) wherein P(x,y) is a simplified perceptual quality significance map.
9. Encoder for encoding a picture with a first region and a second region wherein the encoder comprises
a first encoding unit encoding the first region
a second encoding unit encoding the second region wherein
the second encoding unit takes a parameter representing the visual perception of the second region into account when encoding the second region.
10. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program, which, when executed by a computer, makes the computer perform a method for encoding a picture with a first region and a second region wherein
the first region is encoded according to a first encoding scheme
the second region is encoded according to a second encoding scheme
the second encoding scheme is carried out taking a parameter representing the visual perception of the second region into account.

1. A backlight device comprising:
a light emitting element;
a lens having an incident surface on which light emitted by said light emitting element is incident, and an outgoing surface configured to converge light and from which the light incident on said incident surface is transmitted out;
a light guide plate having a light incidence plane and introducing through said incidence plane light transmitted out from said outgoing surface, so as to perform surface light emission; and
a reflective member operative to reflect a portion of the light having already been transmitted through said outgoing surface of said lens toward said incidence plane of said light guide plate, the reflective member including a base part having an end edge portion that is disposed a distance furthest from the light guide plate relative to other portions of the reflective member, wherein the end edge portion of the base part is closer to the light guide plate than the light emitting element is to the light guide plate and said incident surface includes a principal surface having an ability to converge light and a projected surface provided at an end portion of said principal surface and projected from said principal surface, and wherein light emitted by said light emitting element is incident on the projected surface prior to reflection by the base part of the reflective member.
2. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said outgoing surface has a principal surface having said ability to converge light and a side surface provided at a side portion of said principal surface; and
said backlight device further comprises a reflective portion provided so as to face said side surface and causing the light transmitted out from said side surface to be re-incident on said side surface and to be transmitted out through said principal surface.
3. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said outgoing surface has a principal surface having said converging ability and a side surface provided at a side portion of said principal surface; and
said reflective member has a first reflective surface operative to reflect a portion of the light transmitted out from said outgoing surface of said lens, toward said incidence plane of said light guide plate, and a second reflective surface provided so as to face said side surface and reflecting the light transmitted out from said side surface to cause the light to be re-incident on said side surface and be transmitted out through said principal surface.
4. The backlight device as set forth in claim 3, wherein said reflective member includes a base part comprising said second reflective surface having a constant thickness and a wedge part comprising said first reflective surface and having a thickness that gradually decreases in a direction in a direction away from said base part toward said light guide plate.
5. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said incident surface diverges light upon transmittal of light through the incident surface.
6. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the outgoing surface of said lens is one of a cylindrical surface and a toroidal surface.
7. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the principal surface of said lens is one of a cylindrical surface and a toroidal surface.
8. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lens has a reflective surface provided at a side portion of said outgoing surface and reflecting the light which is incident on said incident surface and which passes through said lens.
9. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said light emitting element is an element emitting light in a plurality of colors.
10. The backlight device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said light guide plate has a lens portion or prism portion provided at said incidence plane.
11. A backlight device comprising:
a light emitting element;
a lens including
an incident surface on which light emitted by said light emitting element is incident, the incident surface including a principal surface having an ability to converge light and a projected surface provided at an end portion of said principal surface and projected from said principal surface, wherein light emitted by said light emitting element is incident on the projected surface prior to reflection by a first reflective portion,
an outgoing surface configured to converge light and from which the light incident on said incident surface goes out, and
a side surface provided at a side portion of said outgoing surface;

a light guide plate having a light incidence plane and introducing through said incidence plane light going out from said outgoing surface, so as to perform surface light emission;
the first reflective portion provided so as to face said side surface and causing light having already been transmitted through said side surface to be again incident on said side surface and to go out through said outgoing surface; and
a second reflective portion operative to reflect light having already been transmitted through said outgoing surface toward said incidence plane of said light guide plate.
12. The backlight device as set forth in claim 11, wherein the first reflective portion comprises a base part having an end edge portion that is disposed a distance further from the light guide plate relative to second reflective portion, wherein the end edge portion of the base part is closer to the light guide plate than the light emitting element is to the light guide plate.
13. The backlight device as set forth in claim 11, wherein the first reflective portion includes a base part having a constant thickness and the second reflective portion includes a wedge part having a thickness that gradually decreases in a direction going away from said base part and toward said light guide plate.
14. The backlight device as set forth in claim 11, wherein said incident surface diverges light upon transmittal of light through the incident surface.
15. The backlight device as set forth in claim 11, wherein the outgoing surface or the principal surface of said lens is one of a cylindrical surface and a toroidal surface.
16. A light source device for irradiating with light an incidence plane of a light guide plate performing surface light emission, comprising:
a light emitting element;
a lens having an incident surface on which light emitted by said light emitting element is incident, and an outgoing surface configured to converge light and from which the light incident on said incident surface goes out; the light guide plate having a light incidence plane and introducing through said incidence plane light transmitted out from said outgoing surface, so as to perform surface light emission; and
a reflective member operative to reflect a portion of the light having already been transmitted through said outgoing surface of said lens toward said incidence plane of said light guide plate, wherein the reflective member includes a base part having a constant thickness and a wedge part having a thickness that gradually decreases in a direction going away from said base part and toward said light guide plate and said incident surface includes a principal surface having an ability to converge light and a projected surface provided at an end portion of said principal surface and projected from said principal surface, and wherein light emitted by said light emitting element is incident on the projected surface prior to reflection by the base part of the reflective member.
17. The light source device as set forth in claim 16, wherein the base part includes an end edge portion that is disposed a distance further from the light guide plate relative to other portions of the reflective member, wherein the end edge portion of the base part is closer to the light guide plate than the light emitting element is to the light guide plate.
18. The light source device as set forth in claim 16, wherein said outgoing surface includes a side surface provided at a side portion of said principal surface and further comprising a reflective portion provided so as to face said side surface and causing the light transmitted out from said side surface to be re-incident on said side surface and to be transmitted out through said principal surface.
19. The light source device as set forth in claim 16, wherein said outgoing surface includes a side surface provided at a side portion of said principal surface and said reflective member has a first reflective surface operative to reflect a portion of the light transmitted out from said outgoing surface of said lens toward said incidence plane of said light guide plate, and a second reflective surface provided so as to face said side surface and reflecting the light transmitted out from said side surface to cause the light to be re-incident on said side surface and be transmitted out through said principal surface.
20. The light source device as set forth in claim 16, wherein said incident surface diverges light upon transmittal of light through the incident surface.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A high speed data communications cable consisting essentially of:
a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors including a first twisted pair and a second twisted pair, each twisted pair comprising two insulated conductors helically twisted together;
a non-conductive separator disposed among the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors so as to physically separate the first twisted pair from the second twisted pair, the separator comprising a plurality of fins extending radially outward from a central portion of the separator, the plurality of fins defining a plurality of channels within which the plurality of twisted pairs are individually disposed; and
a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the jacket having a substantially circular cross-sectional shape;
wherein the jacket comprises a plurality of protrusions extending away from an inner circumferential surface of the jacket, and wherein the plurality of protrusions cause the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors to be kept away from the inner circumferential surface of the jacket.
2. The high speed data communications cable of claim 1, wherein the protrusions extend generally toward a center of the cable.
3. The high speed data communications cable of claim 1, wherein the protrusions have a sufficiently small protrusion-to-protrusion spacing so as to prevent any one of the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors from lying between adjacent protrusions.
4. The high speed data communications cable of claim 1, wherein the plurality of twisted pairs consists of four twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
5. The high speed data communications cable of claim 4, wherein plurality of fins consists of four fins defining four channels within which the four twisted pairs are individually disposed.
6. The high speed data communications cable of claim 1, wherein each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions comprises:
a base integral with the jacket;
first and second sides extending away from the base; and
an end side extending from the first side to the second side, the end side being at an opposite end of the first and second sides from the base.
7. The high speed data communications cable of claim 6, wherein each protrusion has a substantially rectangular shape.
8. The high speed data communications cable of claim 1, wherein the protrusions are similarly sized.
9. A high speed data communications cable comprising:
a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors including a first twisted pair and a second twisted pair, each twisted pair comprising two insulated conductors helically twisted together;
a non-conductive separator disposed among the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors so as to physically separate the first twisted pair from the second twisted pair; and
a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the jacket having a substantially circular cross-sectional shape;
wherein the jacket comprises a plurality of protrusions extending away from an inner circumferential surface of the jacket, each protrusion having a first side, a second side, and a third side that joins the first and second sides at an opposite end of the first and second sides from the inner circumferential surface of the jacket, and wherein the plurality of protrusions cause the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors to be kept away from the inner circumferential surface of the jacket.
10. The high speed data communications cable of claim 9, wherein the non-conductive separator comprises a plurality of fins extending radially outward from a central portion of the separator, the plurality of fins defining a plurality of channels within which the plurality of twisted pairs are individually disposed.
11. The high speed data communications cable of claim 10, wherein the plurality of twisted pairs consists of four twisted pairs; and
wherein the plurality of fins consists of four fins that define four channels within which the four twisted pairs are individually disposed.
12. The high speed data communications cable of claim 9, wherein each protrusion has a substantially rectangular shape.
13. The high speed data communications cable of claim 12, wherein the protrusions are substantially the same size.
14. The high speed data communications cable of claim 9, wherein the protrusions extend generally toward a center of the cable.
15. The high speed data communications cable of claim 9, wherein the non-conductive separator comprises one of solid flame retardant polyolefin and foamed flame retardant polyolefin.
16. The high speed data communications cable of claim 9, wherein the non-conductive separator comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of: a solid low dielectric constant fluoropolymer, a foamed fluoropolymer, solid polyvinyl chloride, and foamed polyvinyl chloride.
17. The high speed data communications cable of claim 9, wherein the non-conductive separator comprises a substantially flat tape.
18. A high speed data communications cable consisting essentially of:
four twisted pairs of insulated conductors including a first twisted pair and a second twisted pair;
a separator disposed among the four twisted pairs of insulated conductors so as to physically separate the first twisted pair from the second twisted pair; and
a jacket surrounding the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the jacket having substantially circular cross-sectional shape;
wherein the jacket comprises a plurality of protrusions extending away from an inner circumferential surface of the jacket, and wherein the plurality of protrusions provides an air gap between the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and the inner circumferential surface of the jacket; and

wherein each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions has a substantially rectangular shape.
19. The cable of claim 18, wherein the protrusions are sufficiently closely spaced together so as to provide the air gap and so as to prevent any one of the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors from lying between adjacent ones of the plurality of protrusions.