Author: claimsbot

1. A method of repairing a distressed region of a substrate of a component with a filler material supported within the component, comprising:
providing a component for repair wherein the component has a distressed region on an external substrate adjacent to an internal cavity of the component;
forming a repair opening at the distressed region and through the external substrate;
supporting a filler material in the repair opening;
applying heat across the filler material in the repair opening to melt the filler material in the repair opening;
allowing the melted filler material in the repair opening to cool and solidify to form a repair deposit across the repair opening; and,
removing any unconsumed filler material from the internal cavity of the component through an opening in the component in fluid communication with the internal cavity.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling the heat across to repair opening such that a sufficient amount of filler material is melted and when cooled the repair deposit has a thickness corresponding to a thickness of the substrate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is composed of a metal alloy and the filler material is composed of a powdered metal alloy having a composition corresponding to the composition of the substrate metal alloy.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the filler material comprises a mixture of the powdered metal alloy and a powdered flux material.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising selecting a mesh size range of the powdered metal alloy and the powdered flux material to overlap.
6. The method of claim 3, further comprising forming a slag over the repair deposit when the filler material is melted.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a layer of powdered flux material over the filler material in the repair opening.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising forming a slag over the repair deposit when the filler material is melted.
9. The method claim 1, wherein the step of supporting the filler material in the repair opening includes at least partially filling the internal cavity with the filler material.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of supporting the filler material in the repair opening includes at least partially filling the cavity with a powdered flux material and the filler material in the repair opening is composed of a metal powder or a combination of metal powder and a powdered flux material.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of supporting the filler material in the repair opening includes placing an insert in the internal cavity adjacent to the repair opening to support the filler material in the repair opening.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the insert comprises steel wool.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the insert has a generally concaved surface facing the repair opening.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the insert comprises steel or a steel alloy.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the insert comprises a ceramic material.
16. A method for repairing an external substrate of a component of a turbine machine, wherein the component includes one or more internal cavities relative to the external substrate, comprising:
removing a distressed region on the external substrate, wherein the distressed region is adjacent to an internal cavity of the component, to form a repair opening through the external substrate;
supporting a powdered filler material in the repair opening;
applying heat to the powdered filler material to melt the material in the repair opening;
allowing melted powdered repair material in the repair opening to cool and solidify to form a repair deposit across the repair opening; and
removing any unconsumed powdered filler material from the internal cavity of the component through an opening in the component in fluid communication with the internal cavity.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the powdered filler material comprises a powdered metal alloy.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of applying heat comprises applying an energy beam to the powdered filler material in the repair opening.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of applying heat further comprises traversing a laser energy beam across the repair opening.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising controlling a width dimension of the laser beam to correspond to peripheral dimensions of the repair opening.
21. The method of claim 19, further comprising providing a mask over the substrate and surrounding the repair opening.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein the powdered filler material comprises a mixture of a powdered metal alloy and a powdered flux material.
23. The method of claim 16, further comprising covering the powdered filler material in the opening with a layer of powdered flux material.
24. The method of claim 16, wherein the repair of the component is performed in a sealed chamber and the method further comprising supplying an inert gas into the chamber during the heating step.
25. A method for repairing an external superalloy substrate of a component having one or more internal cavities, comprising:
forming a repair opening at a distressed area on the external superalloy substrate, wherein the distressed opening is adjacent to an internal cavity of the component;
supporting a powdered metal alloy in the repair opening wherein the powdered metal alloy has a composition matching that of the external superalloy substrate;
traversing the repair opening with an energy beam to form a superalloy deposit across the repair opening that is fused to the superalloy external substrate; and,
removing un-consumed powdered metal alloy from the cavity through an opening in the component.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A display apparatus comprising:
a pixel array including pixel circuits arranged in a matrix form, in which each pixel circuit has a light-emitting device, a drive transistor applying a current corresponding to a gate-source voltage to the light-emitting device, a sampling transistor inputting a voltage supplied from a signal line to a gate of the drive transistor when the sampling transistor is brought into a conduction state, and a storage capacitor connected between the gate and source of the drive transistor so as to store a threshold voltage of the drive transistor and an input video signal voltage;
a signal selector that supplies a reference voltage and the video signal voltage to signal lines arranged in columns on the pixel array in a plurality of horizontal periods corresponding to the number of horizontal lines in one unit when the plurality of horizontal lines of the respective pixel circuits of the pixel array are grouped as one unit; and
a scanner that applies a pulse to control lines arranged in rows on the pixel array so as to control the sampling transistor of the pixel circuit,
wherein the scanner is configured to
input the reference voltage to the respective pixel circuits so that a threshold correction operation starts simultaneously within one emission cycle period in the respective pixel circuits,
input the video signal voltage sequentially to each pixel circuit in the unit after an ending time point of the threshold correction operation, and
output a pulse that causes the ending time point of the threshold correction operation to occur at different times in each pixel circuit so that periods from the ending time points of the threshold correction operation in the respective pixel circuits to the start of the inputting of the video signal voltage are the same.
2. The display apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the scanner causes the threshold correction operation to be performed in several rounds within one emission cycle period in each pixel circuit and outputs the pulse that causes the ending time point of only a final round of the threshold correction operation among the several rounds of the threshold correction operation to occur at different times in each pixel circuit.
3. The display apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the scanner outputs the pulse that causes the ending time points of other rounds of the threshold correction operation other than the final round of the threshold correction operation among the several rounds of the threshold correction operation to occur simultaneously in each pixel circuit.
4. A display drive method of a display apparatus including
a pixel array including pixel circuits arranged in a matrix form, in which each pixel circuit has a light-emitting device, a drive transistor applying a current corresponding to a gate-source voltage to the light-emitting device, a sampling transistor inputting a voltage supplied from a signal line to a gate of the drive transistor when the sampling transistor is brought into a conduction state, and a storage capacitor connected between the gate and source of the drive transistor so as to store a threshold voltage of the drive transistor and an input video signal voltage
a signal selector that supplies a reference voltage and the video signal voltage to signal lines arranged in columns on the pixel array in a plurality of horizontal periods corresponding to the number of horizontal lines in one unit when the plurality of horizontal lines of the respective pixel circuits of the pixel array are grouped as one unit, and
a scanner that applies a pulse to control lines arranged in rows on the pixel array so as to control the sampling transistor of the pixel circuit,
the method comprising the step of:
allowing the scanner to
input the reference voltage to the respective pixel circuits so that a threshold correction operation starts simultaneously within one emission cycle period in the respective pixel circuits,
input the video signal voltage sequentially to each pixel circuit in the unit after an ending time point of the threshold correction operation, and
output a pulse that causes the ending time point of the threshold correction operation to occur at different times in each pixel circuit so that periods from the ending time points of the threshold correction operation in the respective pixel circuits to the start of the inputting of the video signal voltage are the same.
5. A display apparatus comprising:
a scanner; and
a pixel array that performs a threshold correction operation and a video signal write operation on pixel circuits in response to a pulse output from the scanner,
wherein the scanner is configured to
cause the threshold correction operation to start simultaneously in each pixel circuit on plural rows,
cause the video signal write operation to start sequentially in each pixel circuit on the plural rows,
output a pulse so that a period from the end of the threshold correction operation to the start of the video signal write operation is the same in each pixel circuit on the plural rows.
6. A display apparatus comprising:
a scanner;
a signal line that supplies a reference potential and a video signal potential; and
a pixel array that inputs the reference potential and the video signal potential from the signal line to pixel circuits in response to a pulse output from the scanner,
wherein the scanner is configured to
cause the reference potential to be input simultaneously in each pixel circuit on plural rows,
cause the video signal potential to be input sequentially in each pixel circuit on the plural rows,
output a pulse so that a period from the end of the inputting of the reference potential to the start of the inputting of the video signal potential is the same in each pixel circuit on the plural rows.

1. A fluorine compound having perfluorostyrene introduced at a terminal thereof, as represented in the following Formula 1:
wherein Z is O or S; RF is \u2014CH2(CF2)nCH2\u2014,CH2CF2O(CF2CF2O)nCF2CH2\u2014, or
wherein n is a natural number of 1\u201312; D is selected from the group consisting of \u2014C(CF3)2\u2014, \u2014C(CH3)2\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014 and \u2014S\u2014; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, or halogen elements, including F, Cl, Br and I; and m is a natural number of 1\u20133; y and y\u2032 are 1; x is an integer of 1\u2013200; and
wherein B is a single bond or selected from the group consisting of \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 and \u2014O\u2014; and Hal is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.
2. The fluorine compound as defined in claim 1, wherein Z is O, and x is an integer of 2\u201350.
3. The fluorine compound as defined in claim 1, wherein Ar is halogenated pentafluorobenzene, and RF is CH2(CF2)nCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CF 2(OCF2CF2)n OCF2CH2\u2014 or
4. A polymer coating solution, comprising at least one fluorine compound selected from the group consisting of fluorine compounds having perfluorostyrene introduced at a terminal thereof of claim 1, at least one acrylate compound selected from the group consisting of acrylate compounds represented by the following Formula 7, and a photoinitiator:
wherein A is a fluorinated aliphatic or aromatic group, and Y is H or CH3.
5. The polymer coating solution as defined in claim 4, wherein A is \u2014CH2(CF2)nCH2\u2014,\u2014CH2CF2(OCF2CF2)nOCF2CH2\u2014 or
6. An optical waveguide device, comprising a lower cladding layer formed on a planar substrate, a core layer formed on the lower cladding layer, and an upper cladding layer formed on the core layer, wherein the core layer and the lower and upper cladding layers include the fluorine compound of claim 1.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus comprising:
a first scintillator;
a first cover disposed on a surface of the first scintillator and that hermetically seals the first scintillator, wherein the first cover includes a metal layer; and
a second cover that covers the first cover, wherein a desiccant is disposed between the first cover and the second cover, and the second cover hermetically seals the desiccant.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first cover includes a wrapper that covers at least a portion of the first scintillator, wherein the metal layer forms at least a part of the wrapper.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the wrapper includes a flexible, metalized polymer.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the metal layer is formed on the surface of the first scintillator by way of evaporation or precipitation.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the metal layer includes a passivation layer formed on a surface of the first scintillator.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first scintillator includes a rare earth metal and the metal layer includes one of a rare earth oxycarbonate, a rare earth salt, or a rare earth tartrate.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 including a light transmissive window, wherein the first scintillator, the cover, and the light sensitive window form a first scintillator pixel for use in a radiation detector that includes a second scintillator pixel and a photosensor, wherein the first scintillator pixel includes a first side that faces the second scintillator pixel and a second side that faces the photosensor, wherein the metal layer covers at least a portion of the first side and the light transmissive window covers at least a portion of the second side; whereby, when the first and second scintillator pixels are installed in the radiation detector, scintillation photons produced by the scintillator pass through the light transmissive window for detection by the photosensor and are prevented from reaching the second scintillator pixel by the metal layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 including a plurality of scintillators, a plurality of covers, and a photosensor in optical communication with a scintillator, wherein each cover is disposed on and hermetically seals a corresponding one of the plurality of the scintillators.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the scintillator and the cover form a part of an imaging apparatus.
10. In a radiation detector including first and second scintillator pixels in optical communication with a photosensor, a method comprising:
using a first cover including a first metal layer to hermetically seal the first scintillator pixel, wherein a first desiccant is disposed between the first cover and a second cover, wherein the second cover hermetically seals the first desiccant; and
using a third cover including a second metal layer to hermetically seal the second scintillator pixel, wherein a second desiccant is disposed between the third cover and a fourth cover, wherein the fourth cover hermetically seals the second desiccant.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the first metal layer is disposed on a first polymer substrate that covers at least a portion of the first scintillator pixel and the second metal layer is disposed on a second polymer substrate that covers at least a portion of the second scintillator pixel.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the first scintillator pixel includes a scintillator material and the first metal layer is formed on a surface of the scintillator material by evaporation, precipitation, or passivation.
13. The method of claim 10 including using the first metal layer to reflect scintillation photons produced by the first scintillator pixel.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein the detector includes a third scintillator pixel and the method includes using the first cover to hermetically seal the third scintillator pixel.
15. A method comprising:
applying a first optically opaque hermetic cover to a first hygroscopic scintillator to form a first scintillator assembly, wherein a first desiccant is disposed between the first cover and a second optically opaque hermetic cover, wherein the second cover hermetically seals the first desiccant;
applying a third optically opaque hermetic cover to a second hygroscopic scintillator to form a second scintillator assembly, wherein a second desiccant is disposed between the third cover and a fourth optically opaque hermetic cover, wherein the fourth cover hermetically seals the second desiccant.
16. The method of claim 15 where the first cover includes a wrapper and the method includes adhering the wrapper to the first scintillator.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the first scintillator is a rectangular prism including six sides and the wrapper covers the six sides.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the scintillator includes a rare earth and the first cover includes a rare earth oxycarbonate or a rare earth tartrate.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein applying the first cover includes precipitating a metal carbonyl.
20. The method of claim 15 including assembling the first scintillator assembly, the second scintillator assembly, and a photosensor in a radiation detector.
21. A radiation detector comprising:
a pixellated scintillator;
a first cover disposed on and that hermetically seals at least a first pixel of the pixellated scintillator, wherein the cover includes a metal layer; and
a second cover, wherein a desiccant is disposed between the first cover and the second cover, and the second cover hermetically seals the desiccant;
a photosensor in optical communication with the first pixel.