Author: claimsbot

1. A method for generating raster objects, comprising:
receiving a plurality of input contone and line work objects containing contone or line work data for at least one pixel on a sheet;
generating for each input contone object at least one output contone object including color data for each pixel in the input contone object;
generating for each input line work object at least one output line work object including color data for each pixel in the input line work object; and
generating control data for each pixel, wherein the control data is encoded to indicate one of a selection of pixel data from the output line work object, a selection of pixel data from a highest priority output contone object, and a selection of transparency and wherein the control data is used by logic to select color data from the output line work object or output contone object for pixel data to send to an output device to render the pixel data.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating for each input contone and line work objects one output contone and line work object for each color component of the color data, wherein the logic is implemented in hardware, wherein a first number of the generated at least one output line work object does not exceed a first predetermined number of line work objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic, and wherein a second number of the generated at least one output contone object does not exceed a second predetermined number of contone objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating from each input line work object one intermediary line work object including color data for each pixel in the input line work object, wherein the output line work object is generated from one intermediary line work object;
generating from each input contone object one intermediary contone object including color data for each pixel in the input contone object, wherein the output contone object is generated from one intermediary contone object;
determining whether there are more than a maximum number of intermediary line work objects that intersect one scan line; and
merging multiple intermediary line work objects into one merged output line work object if there are more than the maximum number of intermediary line work objects intersecting the scan line, wherein one output line work object is generated for the merged intermediary line work object such that the generated output line work objects that intersect a scan line are less than the maximum number.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein merging the intermediary line work objects comprises:
determining regions comprising one or more scan lines intersected by a set of one or more intermediary line work objects, wherein there is a separate region for each set of scan lines intersected by a unique set of intermediary line work objects; and
determining for each region the set of intermediary line work objects that intersect the region, wherein the output line work objects are generated for each region and one merged output line work objects is generated for each region that has more than the maximum number of intermediary line work objects that intersect the region.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein each intermediary line work object has an associated priority value, wherein color data of one intermediary line work object is to be displayed over color data from intermediary line work objects having a lower associated priority, further comprising:
selecting at least two intermediary line work objects to merge into one merged output line work object for the region, wherein there is no intermediary line work object having a priority between the priorities associated with the selected line work object.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating each output line work object comprises performing:
associating a priority value with each intermediary line work and contone object has an associated priority value;
defining at least one set of one or more input line work objects that provide pixel data for a same set of one or more scan lines;
selecting, for each defined set of line work objects, a highest priority input line work object in one set of input line work objects; and
generating, for each defined set of line work objects, color data for each pixel in the output line work object from non-transparent color data supplied for the pixel from the selected input line work object and setting the control data for the pixel to use the color data in the output line work object if there is no input contone object including non-transparent color data for the pixel having higher priority than the selected input line work object.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising setting the control data for the pixel in the output line work object for the selected input line work object to use non-transparent color data in the output contone object for the pixel if the input contone object providing the non-transparent color data has a higher priority than the selected input line work object.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising setting the control data for the pixel in the output line work object to transparent if the input line work object for the output line work object has transparent color data for the pixel and there is no input contone object with a higher priority than the selected input line work object providing non-transparent color data for the pixel, wherein a control data setting of transparent indicates that a next lower priority output line work object is considered to determine the color data for the pixel or that no color data is provided for the pixel.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a header object for each output line work object and output contone object including information identifying a location of the corresponding output line work or contone object in memory.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating a linked list of pointers to the header objects corresponding to output line work and contone objects, wherein the list of pointers is ordered based on a priority associated with the input line work and contone objects used to generate the output line work and contone objects.
11. The method of claim 2, wherein the selection of transparency indicates that a pixel corresponding to a first output line work object is transparent and that a second output line work object should be used by the logic, wherein the first output line work object has a higher priority than the second output line work object.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the control data is encoded in at least two bits, and wherein the second output line work object is a next lower priority output line work object to the first output line work object.
13. A system for generating raster objects, comprising:
means for receiving a plurality of input contone and line work objects containing contone or line work data for at least one pixel on a sheet;
means for generating for each input contone object at least one output contone object including color data for each pixel in the input contone object;
means for generating for each input line work object at least one output line work object including color data for each pixel in the input line work object; and
means for generating control data for each pixel, wherein the control data is encoded to indicate one of a selection of pixel data from the output line work object, a selection of pixel data from a highest priority output contone object and a selection of transparency, and wherein the control data is used by logic to select color data from the output line work object or output contone object for pixel data to send to an output device to render the pixel data.
14. The system of claim 13, further comprising means for generating for each input contone and line work objects one output contone and line work object for each color component of the color data, wherein the logic is implemented in hardware, wherein a first number of the generated at least one output line work object does not exceed a first predetermined number of line work objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic, and wherein a second number of the generated at least one output contone object does not exceed a second predetermined number of contone objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic.
15. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
means for generating from each input line work object one intermediary line work object including color data for each pixel in the input line work object, wherein the output line work object is generated from one intermediary line work object;
means for generating from each input contone object one intermediary contone object including color data for each pixel in the input contone object, wherein the output contone object is generated from one intermediary contone object;
means for determining whether there are more than a maximum number of intermediary line work objects that intersect one scan line; and
means for merging multiple intermediary line work objects into one merged output line work object if there are more than the maximum number of intermediary line work objects intersecting the scan line, wherein one output line work object is generated for the merged intermediary line work object such that the generated output line work objects that intersect a scan line are less than the maximum number.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the means for merging the intermediary line work objects further comprises:
means for determining regions comprising one or more scan lines intersected by a set of one or more intermediary line work objects, wherein there is a separate region for each set of scan lines intersected by a unique set of intermediary line work objects; and
means for determining for each region the set of intermediary line work objects that intersect the region, wherein the output line work objects are generated for each region and one merged output line work objects is generated for each region that has more than the maximum number of intermediary line work objects that intersect the region.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein each intermediary line work object has an associated priority value, wherein color data of one intermediary line work object is to be displayed over color data from intermediary line work objects having a lower associated priority, further comprising:
means for selecting at least two intermediary line work objects to merge into one merged output line work object for the region, wherein there is no intermediary line work object having a priority between the priorities associated with the selected line work object.
18. The system of claim 13, wherein the means for generating each output line work object further comprises:
means for associating a priority value with each intermediary line work and contone object has an associated priority value;
means for defining at least one set of one or more input line work objects that provide pixel data for a same set of one or more scan lines;
means for selecting, for each defined set of line work objects, a highest priority input line work object in one set of input line work objects; and
means for generating, for each defined set of line work objects, color data for each pixel in the output line work object from non-transparent color data supplied for the pixel from the selected input line work object and setting the control data for the pixel to use the color data in the output line work object if there is no input contone object including non-transparent color data for the pixel having higher priority than the selected input line work object.
19. The system of claim 18, further comprising means for setting the control data for the pixel in the output line work object for the selected input line work object to use non-transparent color data in the output contone object for the pixel if the input contone object providing the non-transparent color data has a higher priority than the selected input line work object.
20. The system of claim 18, further comprising means for setting the control data for the pixel in the output line work object to transparent if the input line work object for the output line work object has transparent color data for the pixel and there is no input contone object with a higher priority than the selected input line work object providing non-transparent color data for the pixel, wherein a control data setting of transparent indicates that a next lower priority output line work object is considered to determine the color data for the pixel or that no color data is provided for the pixel.
21. The system of claim 13, further comprising means for generating a header object for each output line work object and output contone object including information identifying a location of the corresponding output line work or contone object in memory.
22. The system of claim 21, further comprising means for generating a linked list of pointers to the header objects corresponding to output line work and contone objects, wherein the list of pointers is ordered based on a priority associated with the input line work and contone objects used to generate the output line work and contone objects.
23. The system of claim 14, wherein the selection of transparency indicates that a pixel corresponding to a first output line work object is transparent and that a second output line work object should be used by the logic, wherein the first output line work object has a higher priority than the second output line work object.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the control data is encoded in at least two bits, and wherein the second output line work object is a next lower priority output line work object to the first output line work object.
25. An information bearing medium for generating raster objects, wherein the information bearing medium includes code capable of causing a processor to perform:
receiving a plurality of input contone and line work objects containing contone or line work data for at least one pixel on a sheet;
generating for each input contone object at least one output contone object including color data for each pixel in the input contone object;
generating for each input line work object at least one output line work object including color data for each pixel in the input line work object; and
generating control data for each pixel, wherein the control data is encoded to indicate one of a selection of pixel data from the output line work object, a selection of pixel data from a highest priority output contone object, and a selection of transparency, and wherein the control data is used by logic to select color data from the output line work object or output contone object for pixel data to send to an output device to render the pixel data.
26. The information bearing medium of claim 25, wherein the code is further capable of causing the processor to perform generating for each input contone and line work objects one output contone and line work object for each color component of the color data, wherein the logic is implemented in hardware, wherein a first number of the generated at least one output line work object does not exceed a first predetermined number of line work objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic, and wherein a second number of the generated at least one output contone object does not exceed a second predetermined number of contone objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic.
27. The information bearing medium of claim 25, wherein the code is further capable of causing the processor to perform
generating from each input line work object one intermediary line work object including color data for each pixel in the input line work object, wherein the output line work object is generated from one intermediary line work object;
generating from each input contone object one intermediary contone object including color data for each pixel in the input contone object, wherein the output contone object is generated from one intermediary contone object;
determining whether there are more than a maximum number of intermediary line work objects that intersect one scan line; and
merging multiple intermediary line work objects into one merged output line work object if there are more than the maximum number of intermediary line work objects intersecting the scan line, wherein one output line work object is generated for the merged intermediary line work object such that the generated output line work objects that intersect a scan line are less than the maximum number.
28. The information bearing medium of claim 25, wherein merging the intermediary line work objects comprises:
determining regions comprising one or more scan lines intersected by a set of one or more intermediary line work objects, wherein there is a separate region for each set of scan lines intersected by a unique set of intermediary line work objects; and
determining for each region the set of intermediary line work objects that intersect the region, wherein the output line work objects are generated for each region and one merged output line work objects is generated for each region that has more than the maximum number of intermediary line work objects that intersect the region.
29. The information bearing medium of claim 27, wherein each intermediary line work object has an associated priority value, wherein color data of one intermediary line work object is to be displayed over color data from intermediary line work objects having a lower associated priority, wherein the code is further capable of causing the processor to perform:
selecting at least two intermediary line work objects to merge into one merged output line work object for the region, wherein there is no intermediary line work object having a priority between the priorities associated with the selected line work object.
30. The information bearing medium of claim 25, wherein the code for generating each output line work object is further capable of causing the processor to perform:
associating a priority value with each intermediary line work and contone object has an associated priority value;
defining at least one set of one or more input line work objects that provide pixel data for a same set of one or more scan lines;
selecting, for each defined set of line work objects, a highest priority input line work object in one set of input line work objects; and
generating, for each defined set of line work objects, color data for each pixel in the output line work object from non-transparent color data supplied for the pixel from the selected input line work object and setting the control data for the pixel to use the color data in the output line work object if there is no input contone object including non-transparent color data for the pixel having higher priority than the selected input line work object.
31. The information bearing medium of claim 30, wherein the code is further capable of causing the processor to perform setting the control data for the pixel in the output line work object for the selected input line work object to use non-transparent color data in the output contone object for the pixel if the input contone object providing the non-transparent color data has a higher priority than the selected input line work object.
32. The information bearing medium of claim 30, wherein the code is further capable of causing the processor to perform setting the control data for the pixel in the output line work object to transparent if the input line work object for the output line work object has transparent color data for the pixel and there is no input contone object with a higher priority than the selected input line work object providing non-transparent color data for the pixel, wherein a control data setting of transparent indicates that a next lower priority output line work object is considered to determine the color data for the pixel or that no color data is provided for the pixel.
33. The information bearing medium of claim 25, wherein the code is further capable of causing the processor to perform generating a header object for each output line work object and output contone object including information identifying a location of the corresponding output line work or contone object in memory.
34. The information bearing medium of claim 25, wherein the code is further capable of causing the processor to perform generating a linked list of pointers to the header objects corresponding to output line work and contone objects, wherein the list of pointers is ordered based on a priority associated with the input line work and contone objects used to generate the output line work and contone objects.
35. The information bearing medium of claim 26, wherein the selection of transparency indicates that a pixel corresponding to a first output line work object is transparent and that a second output line work object should be used by the logic, wherein the first output line work object has a higher priority than the second output line work object.
36. The information bearing medium of claim 35, wherein the control data is encoded in at least two bits, and wherein the second output line work object is a next lower priority output line work object to the first output line work object.
37. A computer readable medium containing raster object data structures comprising:
at least one output line work object including line work color data for each pixel for which color data is provided in at least one input line work object, wherein one output line work object is generated for each input line work object; and
at least one output contone object including contone color data for each pixel for which color data is provided in at least one input contone object, wherein one output line work object is generated for each input contone object; and
control data for each pixel indicating whether to select data from the output line work object or output contone object for the pixel, wherein the control data is encoded to indicate one of a selection of pixel data from the output line work object, a selection of pixel data from a highest priority output contone object, and a selection of transparency, and wherein the control data is used by logic to select color data from the output line work object or output contone object for pixel data to send to an output device to render the pixel data.
38. The computer readable medium of claim 37, wherein there is one output contone and line work object generated for each input contone and line work object, respectively, for each color component of the color data, wherein the logic is implemented in hardware, and wherein a first number of the generated at least one output line work object does not exceed a first predetermined number of line work objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic, and wherein a second number of the generated at least one output contone object does not exceed a second predetermined number of contone objects per scan line capable of being processed by the logic.
39. The computer readable medium of claim 37, further comprising:
at least one intermediary line work object including color data for each pixel in the input line work object, wherein one intermediary line work object is generated for each input line work object, wherein the output line work object is generated from one intermediary line work object;
at least one intermediary contone object including color data for each pixel in the input contone object and generated for each input contone object, wherein the output contone object is generated from one intermediary contone object;
a merged output line work object formed by merging multiple intermediary line work objects if there are more than the maximum number of intermediary line work objects intersecting the scan line, wherein one output line work object is generated for the merged intermediary line work object such that the generated output line work objects that intersect a scan line are less than the maximum number.
40. The computer readable medium of claim 39, wherein each intermediary line work object has an associated priority value, wherein color data of one intermediary line work object is to be displayed over color data from intermediary line work objects having a lower associated priority, wherein there is no intermediary line work object having a priority between the priorities associated with the selected line work object.
41. The computer readable medium of claim 37, further comprising a header object for each output line work object and output contone object including information identifying a location of the corresponding output line work or contone object in memory.
42. The computer readable medium of claim 41, further comprising a linked list of pointers to the header objects corresponding to output line work and contone objects, wherein the list of pointers is ordered based on a priority associated with the input line work and contone objects used to generate the output line work and contone objects.
43. The computer readable medium of claim 38, wherein the selection of transparency indicates that a pixel corresponding to a first output line work object is transparent and that a second output line work object should be used by the logic, wherein the first output line work object has a higher priority than the second output line work object.
44. The computer readable medium of claim 43, wherein the control data is encoded in at least two bits, and wherein the second output line work object is a next lower priority output line work object to the first output line work object.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A liquid-crystalline medium having positive dielectric anisotropy, comprising
one or more polymerizable compounds of formula I
in which
P11 and P12 are independently from one another a polymerizable group,
Sp11 and Sp12 are independently from one another a spacer group having from one to 10 C-atoms or a single bond,
X11 and X12 are independently from one another \u2014O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014 or a single bond,
L are in each occurrence independently from each other H, F, Cl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms,
r and s independently of one another are 0, 1, 2 or 3, and
t is 0, 1 or 2,
and
one or more dielectrically positive compounds of formula II-2j
in which
R2 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
X2 denotes halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 C atoms or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 C atoms, and
L21 to L28 independently of one another, denote H or F,
and
one or more dielectrically positive compounds of formula III-1f-4
in which
R3 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.
2. A medium according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the polymerizable compounds of formula I in the medium is 0.05% to 10%.
3. A medium according to claim 1, which, besides the compounds of formula I, additionally comprises further polymerizable compounds.
4. A medium according to claim 1, further comprising one or more compounds of formula II, which are not a compound of formula II-2j,
in which
R2 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
on each appearance, independently of one another, denote
L21 and L22 independently of one another, denote H or F,
X2 denotes halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 C atoms or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 C atoms,
m denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3.
5. A medium according to claim 1, further comprising one or more compounds of formula III, which are not a compound of formula III-1f-4,
in which
R3 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
on each appearance, independently of one another, denote
in which
L31 and L32 independently of one another, denote H or F,
X3 denotes halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 C atoms or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 C atoms,
Z3 denotes \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CF2CF2\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, trans-CH\u2550CH\u2014, trans-CF\u2550CF\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014 or a single bond, and
n denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3.
6. A liquid-crystalline medium having positive dielectric anisotropy, comprising
one or more polymerizable compounds of formula I
in which
P11 and P12 are independently from one another a polymerizable group,
Sp11 and Sp12 are independently from one another a spacer group having from one to 10 C-atoms or a single bond,
X11 and X12 are independently from one another \u2014O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014 or a single bond,
L are in each occurrence independently from each other H, F, Cl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms,
r and s independently of one another are 0, 1, 2 or 3, and
t is 0, 1 or 2,
and
one or more dielectrically positive compounds of formula II-2j
in which
R2 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
X2 denotes halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 C atoms or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 C atoms, and
L21 to L28 independently of one another, denote H or F,
and
one or more dielectrically positive compounds of formula III-1f-4
in which
R3 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms
and
one or more dielectrically neutral compounds of formula IV
in which
R41 and R42 independently of one another, denote alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
independently of one another and, if
occurs twice, these also independently of one another, denote
Z41 and Z42 independently of one another and, if Z41 occurs twice, these also independently of one another, denote \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, trans-CH\u2550CH\u2014, trans-CF\u2550CF\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CF2O\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014 or a single bond, and
p denotes 0, 1 or 2.
7. A liquid-crystalline medium having positive dielectric anisotropy, comprising
one or more polymerizable compounds of formula I
in which
P11 and P12 are independently from one another a polymerizable group,
Sp11 and Sp12 are independently from one another a spacer group having from one to 10 C-atoms or a single bond,
X11 and X12 are independently from one another \u2014O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014 or a single bond,
L are in each occurrence independently from each other H, F, Cl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms,
r and s independently of one another are 0, 1, 2 or 3, and
t is 0, 1 or 2,
and
one or more dielectrically positive compounds of formula II-2j
in which
R2 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
X2 denotes halogen, halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 C atoms or halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 C atoms, and
L21 to L28 independently of one another, denote H or F,
and
one or more dielectrically positive compounds of formula III-1f-4
in which
R3 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy haying 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl haying 2 to 7 C atoms
and
one or more dielectrically neutral compounds of formula V
in which
R51 and R52 independently of one another, denote alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy haying 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl haying 2 to 7 C atoms,
and, if it occurs twice, independently of one another on each occurrence, denotes
Z51 and Z52 independently of one another and, if Z51 occurs twice, these also independently of one another, denote \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, trans-CH\u2550CH\u2014, trans-CF\u2550CF\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CF2O\u2014 or a single bond, and
r denotes 0, 1 or 2.
8. A liquid crystal display, which contains a medium according to claim 1.
9. A display, which contains a medium according to claim 1 which has been stabilized by polymerization of the one or more polymerizable compounds in said medium.
10. A display according to claim 8, which is addressable by an active matrix.
11. A display according to claim 8, which is a PS-IPS or PS-FFS display.
12. A display according to claim 8, which is a PS positive VA display.
13. A process for preparing a liquid-crystal display, comprising stabilizing a medium according to claim 1 in the display by polymerization of the one or more polymerizable compounds in said medium.
14. A process according to claim 13, wherein no electrical voltage is applied during the polymerization of the one or more polymerizable compounds in said medium.
15. A medium according to claim 1, wherein in formula I, L are in each occurrence independently from each other H, F or Cl.
16. A medium according to claim 1, which further comprises a compound of formula V-1
in which
R61 and R62 independently of one another, denote alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.
17. A medium according to claim 1, which further comprises a compound of formula V-2
in which
R61 and R62 independently of one another, denote alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.
18. A medium according to claim 1, which further comprises a compound of formula IV-14
in which
R41 and R42 independently of one another, denote alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, and
L4 denotes H or F.
19. A medium according to claim 1, which further comprises a compound of formula CC-n-Vm andor CC-n-V
wherein m is 1 and n is 1 to 7.
20. A medium according to claim 1, which further comprises a compound of formula IV-1
in which
R41 and R42 independently of one another, denote alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.

1. A mop comprising:
an elongate handle;
a joint downward projecting from the handle, the joint being formed of plastic and comprising a downward protrusion and two shoulders with the protrusion disposed therebetween;
a rotatable cover comprising an annular trough on an underside, a central through hole, and a plurality of spaced apart latches disposed between the trough and the through hole;
a hinge comprising a disc, a yoke projecting upward from the disc with a channel defined therebetween, two projections formed on a top of the yoke, and a circular plate for containing the disc, the circular plate having a plurality of spaced apart slits adjacent a circumferential edge thereof wherein the yoke passes the through hole to pivotably secure to the joint with the latches contacting a circumferential edge of the disc and inserting through the slits to secure the circular plate, the disc, and the cover together; and
a ring-shaped strand mounting assembly comprising a plurality of arcuate sections each comprising at least one aperture each having at least one protuberance, and a plurality of sets of strands wherein each set of strands has one end fastened in the arcuate section after inserting through the aperture and being retained by the at least one protuberance, the strand mounting assembly being secured to the cover by snapping the arcuate sections into the trough,
wherein the protrusion is urged against a bottom of the channel, and the projections are urged against the shoulders when the handle stands upright; and
wherein the cover and the strand mounting assembly together are adapted to rotate about the yoke with both the handle and the yoke being motionless during the rotation.
2. The mop of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one aperture has a cross shape.
3. The mop of claim 2, wherein the number of the at least one sharp protuberance is four, and wherein the sharp protuberances are disposed around a center of the cross-shaped aperture.
4. The mop of claim 3, further comprising four enhancement members each disposed adjacent the protuberance.
5. The mop of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one aperture has a star shape.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cover for a receptacle of a type having an open top and a closed bottom, the cover comprising:
a body comprising:
a cylindrical side wall having a first open end configured to receive the top of the receptacle and a second end; and
an end wall coupled to the second end of the cylindrical portion, the end wall including a plurality of shaker openings and a spooning opening;

a top coupled to the body and having a shaker flap and a spooning flap;
the shaker flap having an outer edge with a downwardly extending skirt and being configured for selective movement between an open position in which the shaker openings are opened and a closed position in which the shaker openings are closed,
the spooning flap having an outer edge with a downwardly extending skirt and configured for selective movement between an open position in which the spooning opening is opened and a closed position in which the spooning opening is closed; and
a transition region having an exposed surface and being located between the end wall and the side wall;
wherein the exposed surface extends from a first point on the end wall radially inward from the side wall to a second point on the side wall below the end wall and below the first point.
2. The closure of claim 1 wherein the exposed surface is curved.
3. The closure of claim 2 wherein the exposed surface forms a radius between the end wall and the side wall.
4. The closure of claim 1 wherein the exposed surface is parallel to the end wall at the first point.
5. The closure of claim 4 wherein the exposed surface is parallel to the side wall at the second point.
6. The closure of claim 1 wherein the transition region is an annular fillet located at the juncture between the side wall and the end wall.
7. The closure of claim 1 wherein the body portion and the top portion are separate elements coupled together to form the closure.
8. The closure of claim 1 wherein the body portion and the top portion are integrally-formed as a single unitary body.
9. The closure of claim 1 wherein the end wall comprises a sealing structure and wherein the first point is located on the sealing structure.
10. The closure of claim 1 wherein the end wall comprises a plurality of distinct and separate sealing rings spaced radially inward from the side wall comprising at least (1) a first ring with a planar sealing surface provided a first radial distance from the side wall and a first axial distance from the end wall and (2) a second ring with a planar sealing surface provided a second radial distance from the side wall and a second axial distance from the end wall.
11. The closure of claim 10 wherein the planar sealing surface of the first ring is configured to fit over a mouth of a receptacle generally having a first diameter and the planar sealing surface of the second ring is configured to fit over a mouth of a receptacle generally having a second diameter, and wherein the first point is located on one of the first ring and the second ring.
12. The closure of claim 10 wherein the axial distance between the first point and the second point is less than approximately 0.125 inches.
13. The closure of claim 1 wherein the transition region extends continuously around the inside of the closure between the end wall and the side wall.
14. A closure for a container configured to fit over a generally circular mouth of a receptacle to form a container for particulate matter or the like comprising:
a body portion having an open bottom formed of a cylindrical skirt and an end wall, the end wall defining a first opening and a second opening;
a top portion having (a) a first flap movable from a closed position where the first opening is covered to an open position where the first opening is at least partially uncovered to allow for matter to be dispensed, and (b) a second flap movable from a closed position where the second opening is covered to an open position where the second opening is at least partially uncovered to allow for matter to be dispensed; and
an annular fillet located at the juncture between the skirt and the end wall;
wherein the fillet includes an exposed surface extending from a first point on the end wall radially inward from the skirt to a second point on the skirt below the end wall and below the first point.
15. The closure of claim 14 wherein the exposed surface is curved.
16. The closure of claim 15 wherein the exposed surface forms a radius between the end wall and the side wall.
17. The closure of claim 14 wherein the exposed surface is parallel to the end wall at the first point.
18. The closure of claim 17 wherein the exposed surface is parallel to the side wall at the second point.
19. The closure of claim 14 wherein the end wall comprises a sealing structure and wherein the first point is located on the sealing structure.
20. The closure of claim 14 wherein the end wall comprises a plurality of distinct and separate sealing rings spaced radially inward from the side wall comprising at least (1) a first ring with a planar sealing surface provided a first radial distance from the side wall and a first axial distance from the end wall and (2) a second ring with a planar sealing surface provided a second radial distance from the side wall and a second axial distance from the end wall.
21. The closure of claim 20 wherein the planar sealing surface of the first ring is configured to fit over a mouth of a receptacle generally having a first diameter and the planar sealing surface of the second ring is configured to fit over a mouth of a receptacle generally having a second diameter, and wherein the first point is located on one of the first ring and the second ring.
22. The closure of claim 19 wherein the axial distance between the first point and the second point is less than approximately 0.125 inches.
23. The closure of claim 14 wherein the body portion and the top portion are separate elements coupled together to form the closure.
24. The closure of claim 14 wherein the body portion and the top portion are integrally-formed as a single unitary body.
25. The closure of claim 14 wherein one of the first opening and the second opening of the end wall is a spooning opening.
26. The closure of claim 14 wherein the fillet extends continuously around the inside of the closure between the end wall and the side wall.
27. A closure for a container comprising:
a body having a cylindrical skirt and an end wall, the cylindrical skirt having a first end coupled to the end wall and a second open end configured to receive a receptacle;
a top portion coupled to the end wall of the body portion and having a flap movable from a closed position where the opening is covered to an open position where the opening is at least partially uncovered; and
a transition region having an exposed surface and being located at a juncture between the end wall and the side wall;
wherein the exposed surface extends from a first point on the end wall radially inward from the skirt to a second point on the skirt below the end wall and below the first point.
28. The closure of claim 27 wherein the exposed surface is curved.
29. The closure of claim 28 wherein the exposed surface forms a radius between the end wall and the side wall.
30. The closure of claim 27 wherein the exposed surface is parallel to the end wall at the first point.
31. The closure of claim 30 wherein the exposed surface is parallel to the side wall at the second point.
32. The closure of claim 27 wherein the transition region is an annular fillet located at the juncture between the side wall and the end wall.
33. The closure of claim 27 wherein the body portion and the top portion are separate elements coupled together to form the closure.
34. The closure of claim 27 wherein the body portion and the top portion are integrally-formed as a single unitary body.
35. The closure of claim 27 wherein the end wall comprises a sealing structure and wherein the first point is located on the sealing structure.
36. The closure of claim 27 wherein the end wall comprises a plurality of distinct and separate sealing rings spaced radially inward from the side wall comprising at least (1) a first ring with a planar sealing surface provided a first radial distance from the side wall and a first axial distance from the end wall and (2) a second ring with a planar sealing surface provided a second radial distance from the side wall and a second axial distance from the end wall.
37. The closure of claim 36 wherein the planar sealing surface of the first ring is configured to fit over a mouth of a receptacle generally having a first diameter and the planar sealing surface of the second ring is configured to fit over a mouth of a receptacle generally having a second diameter, and wherein the first point is located on one of the first ring and the second ring.
38. The closure of claim 35 wherein the axial distance between the first point and the second point is less than approximately 0.125 inches.
39. The closure of claim 27 wherein the transition region extends continuously around the inside of the closure between the end wall and the side wall.